Suchergebnisse

The national security of Russia is largely determined by modern migration processes in the Russian regions. Against the background of international globalization, based on the opportunities for social, political and socio-economic development, competition and dominance, there is a visible transformation of migration processes taking place in the conditions of the development of modern Russian society. Migration processes strengthen their influence not only on the political and socio-economic situation in Russia, but also on the demographic sphere of the life of society, creating new challenges in the field of national security. The article analyzes social, economic and cultural consequences of ethnic migration in Russian society. Regional migration processes represent a dangerous trend towards the formation of Russia's national security. The authors come to the conclusion that the current migration processes in the Russian regions are the result of ambiguous, hardly predictable socio-economic, political processes and socio-cultural processes. The authors believe that a regular increase in ethnic migration threatens the national security of Russian society. Migration, as a consequence of socio-economic development, socio-political instability, on the one hand, can contribute to improving economic and social conditions, and on the other - to increase inequality, to cause a new turn of social and political intension. Understanding of this circumstance allows optimizing the demographic policy in the security system, the achievement of which is possible only with the formulation of an adequate Russian demographic policy.

Changes in the trends, distribution and structures of the population
identified through censuses (such as the changes in total population,
gender, educational, age and other structures) are crucial for understanding
spatial phenomena and processes like urbanization. Numerous urban geography
studies researching the development of systems of settlements in former
Yugoslavia, which carried on in Serbia, were the foundation for a singular
theoretical and methodological framework for researching spatial phenomena
and processes focused precisely on the understanding of dynamic changes in
the structures of the population and their territorial manifestation. Other
than in scientific research, this approach found direct application in
spatial and urban planning, when defining the measures directing demographic
development, arrangement of urban functions, formation of a system of
settlements, planning infrastructure development, etc. More recently, this
theoretical and methodological framework was enhanced using GIS
technologies, which allow for the integration of spatial and statistical
data and provide for a powerful analytical tool. Data integration has
spurred new research on the correlation between demographic and spatial
phenomena and the mutual relationships and influences between spatial and
demographic development. This paper presents an overview of existing
research on the mutual influence between population development trends and
spatial changes manifest through the fluctuations in the intensity of
built-up areas, population density, infrastructure development, etc. A model
of population distribution was created by using selected census statistical
data and correlating them with phenomena in actual geospace. Emphasis is
placed on the significance of using this and similar models in further
research on the population?s impact on the environment, directing economic
development, protection in emergency situations, and numerous other areas.

The current study investigates the demographic processes and challenges of
the Hungarian developmentally peripheral settlements. Demographic challenges
can be regarded as important consequences of the social and economic
disadvantages in spatial terms. However, the interrelating negative
demographic tendencies cause even more backward situation blocking or
hindering the development. The objective of the current analysis is to
discover the demographic characteristics of the peripheral settlements, to
detect the spatial disparities and to point out the correlation between
backwardness and the investigated demographic phenomena with the help of the
census databases 1980-2011 and local datasets on Roma population. Using
methods of multivariate statistical analysis, seven indicators were selected
in order to achieve the goals of the paper. Backward areas are primarily
characterized by population decrease with significant disparities, but there
were growing communities among them as well. Some small villages in Northern
and Southwestern Hungary will foreseeably face complete depopulation within
few years. Primarily small sized villages faced intense decrease in rate of
natural change, but dynamic population growth was also detected. Migration
loss tends to correlate with the extent of peripherality, as increasing
values of migration balance accompany decreasing ratio of peripheral
settlements in the area. The ratio of elderly population shows an
expressively two-faced character, with the extremely aging and very juvenile
settlements. The ratios of Roma population reflect the scale of
peripherality. Extended ethnic change could be predicted in Northeastern and
Southwestern Hungary and near the Middle Tisza valley. Presented demographic
processes will make the backwardness of most of the peripheral settlements
stable.