Suchergebnisse

pendiente autorización de la revista ; The Environment Department of the Government of Andalusia (Spain) has recently assumed the responsibility of integrating extensive livestock grazing as a tool for fire prevention. The present study aims to analyse the sustainability of 60 farms (mainly small ruminant farms) belonging to the Andalusian Network of Grazed Fuel breaks. Farms are located mainly in Natural Areas of Eastern Andalusia. 9291 goats, 24491 ewes and 170 cows grazed in 260 km of fuel breaks. 27 farms have only sheep (mainly meat purpose), 18 only goats (mainly dairy purpose), 10 goat and sheep, 3 small ruminants and suckling cows and 2 small ruminants, suckling cows and Iberian pigs; only 4 goat farms produce cheese. Meat and milk production has a marked seasonal variation. The feed supplied in the manger is relatively high, especially in goat herds. Hard work, small farm profitability and lack of assurance of farm continuity are the most important aspects that negatively affect the sustainability of these farms. For improving sustainability, farmers are to be able to exploit strengths, absorb shocks, adjust following a disturbance and transform their farm to take advantage of new opportunities. ; Le Département de l'Environnement du Gouvernement de l'Andalousie (Espagne) a récemment pris la responsabilité d'intégrer le pâturage extensif dans la prévention des incendies. La présente étude analyse la viabilité de 60 exploitations (surtout des petites exploitations de ruminants) qui appartiennent au Réseau Andalou des Exploitations Collaboratrices au Pâturage des Coupe-feux. Les fermes sont situées principalement dans les Parcs Naturels de l'Est de l'Andalousie. 9291 chèvres, 24491 brebis et 170 vaches sont en pâturage dans 260 km de coupe-feux. 27 exploitations ont seulement des ovins (surtout d'aptitude viande), 18 ont seulement des caprins (surtout d'aptitude laitière), 10 ont des ovins et caprins, 3 ont des petits ruminants et des bovins et 2 ont des petits ruminants, des bovins et des porcins de la race Ibérique ; il n'y a que 4 fermes qui fabriquent du fromage. La production de viande et de lait sont très saisonnières. Les apports d'aliments à l'auge sont relativement élevés, en particulier dans le cas des chèvres. Les aspects plus négativement influents sur la durabilité des exploitations sont: la pénibilité du travail, la faible rentabilité des petites exploitations et le manque d'assurance de la continuité des exploitations. Pour améliorer la durabilité des ces exploitations, les éleveurs devraient valoriser les points forts des systèmes d'exploitation, résister aux difficultés, faire des ajustements après une perturbation du système et faire des changements dans les exploitations afin de profiter des opportunités.

The environmental attitude is a psychological tendency expressed by the evaluative (perceptions or beliefs) response towards the environment and natural resources flora, fauna, water, soil and air are naturally valuable products for development and continuity towards sustainability; relating both concepts in the Nijandaris population is the main objective of this research. Methodology: a probabilistic sampling was carried out at an age of [30 - 60 years] = 50 people respondents, questionnaire of 20 questions each; validated by the Rensis Likert scale 3 levels each, applying the Karl Pearson relationship coefficient and bilateral t-student. Conclusions: The environmental attitude of the inhabitants of Nijandaris is between bad to regular, likewise their conservative attitude towards natural resources ensures that they always do so. The relationship between environmental attitude and conservation turned out to be positive and significant. Regarding their dimensions, the association between affective attitude and conserving flora and fauna obtained r=0.38 positive median t=2.88; the correlation between cognitive attitude and conserving water and soil obtained an r=0.42 positive median t=3.21, and the relationship between conative attitude and conserved air has a considerable positive r=0.62 t=5.47. Therefore, we affirm that there is an environmental attitudinal concern towards the conservation of the natural resources of the adult population [30-60 years] in the Nijandaris Populated Center.

Is the new local government system strong enough to be successful in conservation efforts in Pakistan?

Is the new local government system strong enough to be successful in conservation efforts in Pakistan?

Neotropical savannas are diversified systems, especially those of the Brazilian Cerrado, with a vascular flora exceeding 7,000 species, 45 % of these being endemic, which makes it the richest tropical savanna in the world. This biodiversity is threatened by the expansion of the agricultural frontiers, and the invasive African grasses. The savanna's soils are fragile, have low fertility, and high Al toxicity; nevertheless, in the savannas only the subsistence agriculture and the extensive cattle rising on low quality native grasses were practiced; but there was a quick monocropping expansion, of grains and grasses, with improved agricultural methods, government subsidies, and strong investments in fertilizers and machinery, especially in Brazil and Venezuela. Savannas became the world's most productive agricultural frontiers. These systems showed productivity loss and soil degradation, due to inadequate farming techniques, giving way to soybean-corn rotation systems with minimum tillage but a high use of herbicides. Savanna-adapted species were selected: cereals, grains, forage, and crop/livestock-integrated systems with conservationist farming were implanted. The result was a soil improvement, higher meat and milk agricultural production, and a stabilization of the agricultural expansion. There is an agreement to deepen and popularize the results of the research. Governments and NGOs are taking actions to expand the protected areas, but the world food scarcity and the run towards biofuels could generate a new agricultural expansion. ; 262-281 ; mfarinas@ula.ve

Metadata only record ; This paper lists the many plants grown in Sudan for medical, culinary, and for aromatic purposes. In Sudan more than 80 percent of women work in rural areas work in agricultural activities and are the major cleavers of the trees. Women sell their surplus in markets. Women's tasks and involvement in agriculture varies according to regions. Indigenous knowledge reveals a large range of techniques and practices used for medical, culinary, and aromatic (MCA) use. Due to natural, political, and social disasters many women are now head of household. Wages in the MCA plants cultivation is very low. It is either paid on a daily or seasonal basis. Vendors lack information on market demands.

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