Coastal zone management : background and reauthorization issues / Harold F. Upton -- Measuring program's effectiveness continues to be a challenge / Report to the Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard, (GAO) -- Biennial report to Congress on administrative progress of coastal zone management / National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration -- Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management : strategic plan (2007-2012)
One of the primary incentives to state governments to participate in the national coastal zone management program is the legal requirement that federal resources use activities as well as federal projects and federally permitted activities that affect state ocean and coastal areas must be consistent with federally‐approved state coastal programs. The "consistency provisions" are among the most innovative attempts to insure intergovernmental coordination in resource management. In assessing the implementation of the consistency provisions, we find that this legal requirement has led to the development of a variety of formal and informal collaborative mechanisms for intergovernmental coordination in ocean and coastal management. While these mechanisms have led to the resolution of the vast majority of federal‐state conflicts in coastal areas some important federal‐state conflicts have not been resolved. This has more to do with the character of these particular conflicts than the general effectiveness of the mechanisms for collaboration that have been established.
This paper aims to develop the concept and the definition of the maritime common good, its sub components and sub layers and to classify and analytically systematize it in the framework of modern theories addressing economic goods. Possible theoretical advancements and extensions in classification criteria are provided. International formal institutional framework is presented and elaborated. The accent is given to the development of theoretical concept and classification of economic goods as well as development of the Institutional Analysis and Development framework – IAD framework that is used to provide analytical understanding of the maritime good classification as well as allocation problems arising. This is performed in the light of ICZM protocol addressing coastal zones as of special concern particularly considering the intensive interrelations between humans and coastal zones. According to the developed classification criteria and analysis performed, the maritime good, as a complex good, can be classified dominantly as common good with limited renewability. The importance of further advancements of maritime common good governing mechanisms based on stakeholders' inclusion into decision making process is emphasized in order to strengthen the potential of the mechanisms itself and the information background necessary for a successful management of the complex maritime common good.
Coastal zones in the United States are becoming overpopulated and underlying ecosystems are being degraded. The ecosystem services that coastal zones provide will be compromised if we follow the current management path. As the population in these areas increases, so too does the amount of non-point source pollution. Integrated coastal zone management programs are needed to address non-point source pollution. Coastal zones are also in peril due to the current projections of sea level rise caused by climate change. A precautionary approach, such as that employed in Australia and New Zealand, must be used to protect coastal zones from the effects of global warming. The Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) of 1972 was created to preserve and protect coastal areas from pollution and overpopulation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the CZMA and the challenges it will face going forward.
The issue of land resource management has recently taken on meaning not previously associated with the term. Federal, state and local governments as well as highly organized public and private groups have identified land resource management as a critical issue of this decade. Many existing private and public institutions are being challenged and new institutional arrangements are being forged to deal with land resource management issues. One of the most commonly recognized critical land management areas is the narrow band of land and water known as the coastal zone. Although regional studies have dealt with one or more of these problem areas in the past, the intensive multiple use of this particular geographic area has focused attention on it from a multiple disciplinary vantage point. This study attempted to demonstrate the usefulness of economic-ecological analysis in seeking solutions to the allocation of coastal zone resources to alternative uses. ; Ph. D.
