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A compilation of opinions of the Legal Department of the State Board of Accounts related to the legal obligations of municipal school districts. These opinions were written in response to letters received from municipal school officials. ; Includes index. ; A compilation of opinions of the Legal Department of the State Board of Accounts related to the legal obligations of municipal school districts. These opinions were written in response to letters received from municipal school officials. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The majority of European countries share challenges related to demographic change. A decline in the total population size and population aging have already spread from rural to some urban areas. The case of Serbia is no exception. The focus of this article is the parameters of demographic change analysed particularly for larger (cities) and smaller (towns) urban settlements - population size, birth rate, rate of natural increase, average age of first-time mothers, total fertility rate, share of the young and elderly population, average population age, and developing demographic trends. The paper also stresses the necessity to use other definitions for a "city" than the one used in legislation or statistical reports, by showing the extent to which results might differ depending on the chosen definition. One of the definitions used in this paper relies on a slightly adapted division of settlements used in statistical reporting, while the other is based on the Law on Local Self-Government (2007), the Law on the Territorial Organization of the Republic of Serbia (2007) and functional urban areas defined by the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia. Cities and towns are observed from the perspective of their spatial distribution; therefore, each parameter is considered at the settlement, regional and district level.

Book: v, 42 p., digital file ; The Healthy Cities project is a World Health Organization (WHO) initiative through which municipal governments and citizens can collaborate to devise and implement strategies for improving quality of life. In Canada, a project known as the "Canadian Healthy Communities Project" has similar objectives; it has been used to strengthen the economic and social wellbeing of many municipalities in Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. Cities and towns of other jurisdictions have had variable success. This work is intended as a resource for non-Quebec Canadian municipal governments that have not established Healthy Cities projects as such, but which may want to develop initiatives based on principles consistent with WHO's Healthy Cities. It is a "companion" to L'Obsession du citoyen, vade mecum pour villes et villages ou if fait bon vivre, written by Roger Lachance and Martine Morisset and published in 1995 by the Reseau quebecois de villes et villages en sante. That guide also is a resource, specifically for municipalities within Quebec which do not have Villes et villages en sante (Healthy Cities) projects, but which may want to develop initiatives based on the principles central to the movement. The Lachance and Morisset book is a rich source of ideas: The authors identify sound management philosophies and practices of municipal government; they describe some initiatives which relate directly to the healthy cities concept and others which relate indirectly, which save money or in other ways free the administration to realize "healthy city like" initiatives within their municipalities. ; University of Saskatchewan

Chinese municipalities have developed a large stock of capital assets during a period of rapid growth and urbanization, but have yet to modernize asset management practices. Cities face challenges such as premature decline of fixed assets and spiking liabilities related to operating and maintaining assets. This paper evaluates the asset management practices in three selected small cities and towns in China, using a benchmarking assessment tool followed by an in-depth field assessment. The paper finds that overall performance is below half the international benchmark for good practice in all three cities. Management practices are considerably more advanced for land than for buildings and infrastructure. Key deficiencies in data availability and reporting, governance, capacity, and financial management indicate increased risks for local government finance and the delivery of public services. For small cities and towns where public revenues are often uncertain and limited, urban public services will be at risk of deterioration unless good asset management practices are put in place. The paper recommends strategic actions for upper and lower levels of government, to advance local asset management practices and facilitate the reform agenda.