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This document focuses on the evidence base behind the NT Preventable Chronic Diseases Strategy. It should be read in conjunction with the Ministerial Statement delivered by Hon. Stephen Dunham MLA, Minister for Health, Family and Children's Services, in the August 1999 sitting of the NT Legislative Assembly. The evidence is drawn from a collective review of the national and international literature over a three year period. The literature was collected specifically for the purpose of informing strategy development, and during the course of a series of projects and ongoing activities relating to chronic disease in the NT.

This document focuses on the evidence base behind the NT Preventable Chronic Diseases Strategy. It should be read in conjunction with the Ministerial Statement delivered by Hon. Stephen Dunham MLA, Minister for Health, Family and Children's Services, in the August 1999 sitting of the NT Legislative Assembly. The evidence is drawn from a collective review of the national and international literature over a three year period. The literature was collected specifically for the purpose of informing strategy development, and during the course of a series of projects and ongoing activities relating to chronic disease in the NT. ; Date:1999-08

We introduce a theoretical framework that contributes to the understanding of non-communicable chronic diseases' (NCDs) epidemics: even if NCDs are non-infectious diseases, they may spread due to the social transmission of unhealthy activities such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking. In particular, we study the intergener- ational dimension of this mechanism. We find that, due to the social transmission of NCDs, agents choose lower health conditions and higher unhealthy activities than what is socially optimal. Taxes on unhealthy activities, that may subsidize health investments, can be used to restore the social optimum. Finally, our model is consistent with the existence of regional asymmetries regarding the prevalence of obesity and NCDs.

We introduce a theoretical framework that contributes to the understanding of non-communicable chronic diseases' (NCDs) epidemics: even if NCDs are non-infectious diseases, they may spread due to the social transmission of unhealthy activities such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking. In particular, we study the intergener- ational dimension of this mechanism. We find that, due to the social transmission of NCDs, agents choose lower health conditions and higher unhealthy activities than what is socially optimal. Taxes on unhealthy activities, that may subsidize health investments, can be used to restore the social optimum. Finally, our model is consistent with the existence of regional asymmetries regarding the prevalence of obesity and NCDs.

We introduce a theoretical framework that contributes to the understanding of non-communicable chronic diseases' (NCDs) epidemics: even if NCDs are non-infectious diseases, they may spread due to the social transmission of unhealthy activities such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking. In particular, we study the intergener- ational dimension of this mechanism. We find that, due to the social transmission of NCDs, agents choose lower health conditions and higher unhealthy activities than what is socially optimal. Taxes on unhealthy activities, that may subsidize health investments, can be used to restore the social optimum. Finally, our model is consistent with the existence of regional asymmetries regarding the prevalence of obesity and NCDs.

Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Part I: Chronic Disease in the United States -- 1 "National Vitality" and Physical Examination -- 2 Expanding Public Health -- 3 Almshouses, Hospitals, and the Sick Poor -- 4 New Deal Politics and the National Health Survey -- 5 Mobilizing against Chronic Illness at Midcentury -- 6 Long-Term Care -- 7 Public Health and Prevention -- Part II: Chronic Disease in the United Kingdom and France -- 8 Health, Wealth, and the State -- 9 Alternative Paths in the United Kingdom -- 10 Maladies chroniques in France -- Epilogue -- Notes -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.

This document focuses on the evidence base behind the NT Preventable Chronic Diseases Strategy. It should be read in conjunction with the Ministerial Statement delivered by Hon. Stephen Dunham MLA, Minister for Health, Family and Children's Services, in the August 1999 sitting of the NT Legislative Assembly. The evidence is drawn from a collective review of the national and international literature over a three year period. The literature was collected specifically for the purpose of informing strategy development, and during the course of a series of projects and ongoing activities relating to chronic disease in the NT.

Purpose: Diet-related chronic diseases like diabetes can be dangerous and expensive to treat, especially for patients who do not follow a recommended diet. Meanwhile, prescription drugs can alleviate the symptoms of or control many diet-related chronic diseases, but these drugs may also weaken the resolve to follow recommended diets (moral hazard). Design: We measure the effect of a diagnosis of chronic disease and subsequent pharmacological treatment on the dietary quality of food purchases using a large panel data set of US consumers. We estimate the effect of prescription drug utilization on food purchases for the following chronic diseases: type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, heart disease, and obesity. Participants: Panelists of the Information Resources, Inc consumer panel. Measures: Dietary quality is measured as purchases of (1) food groups (ie, fruit, vegetables, and sweets) and (2) nutrients (ie, saturated fat, fiber, sodium, sugar, and total calories). Analysis: Linear regression with mixed effects on pooled panel (household random effects, city fixed effects). Results/Conclusion: We do not find strong effects of either diagnosis or pharmacological treatment of diet-related disease on food purchases.

Minority populations are more subject to chronic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and various cancers due to their lack of access to quality food and knowledge of adequate nutrition. Theories such as the Health Belief Model and the Social Cognitive Theory have been used throughout various studies to understand why minority populations are more likely to develop chronic diseases stemmed from poor nutrition. Components such as socioeconomic status, education, median household income, ethnicity, interpersonal and intrapersonal factors were all analyzed using the aforementioned theories to understand why minorities are disproportionately affected in regard to receiving adequate nutrition and prevention of chronic diseases. Various government policies and programs have been created to aid minority families in purchasing quality food and to promote more measures against chronic diseases. Further research in understanding why minority populations are disproportionately affected may include systemic and environmental racism, including administration of preventive healthcare resources.

SNAP is a model for the general practice management of four common behavioural risk factors: smoking, nutrition, alcohol and physical activity. The SNAP program was developed for the Australian Government in 2002. In 2003 and 2004, a feasibility study was conducted in one urban and one rural division of general practice (DGP) in NSW, in partnership with their local area health services. Information technology support and referral directories were developed, based on an initial needs assessment, SNAP guidelines, a clinical summary chart, patient education materials, and general practitioner and staff training. GPs reported that the SNAP approach fitted general practice consultations well. After its implementation, they were more confident in using motivational interviewing and SNAP interventions and referred more frequently. The impact and sustainability of the SNAP program were limited by a lack of effective practice teamwork, poor linkages with referral services, and the lack of a business model to support SNAP in the practices. DGPs could play an important role in providing practice visits and resources to improve communication, education and collaboration to support SNAP programs. ; We are grateful to the Australian Primary Health Care Research Institute (APHRI) for funding this study, as well as facilitating an innovative process for interaction between different research groups. The Sharing Health Care Initiative and its evaluation was funded by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. We acknowledge the original evaluation work carried out by the Cooperative Research Centre for Aboriginal Health, Menzies School of Health Research and PricewaterhouseCoopers. We are particularly grateful to the Katherine West Health Board for its support. Alison Stewart conducted interviews and Kerry Barber generously assisted at the drafting stage. We thank the staff of APHCRI, particularly Bev Sibthorpe, and the other research groups for their constructive comments.