Suchergebnisse

Title: Effect of 6, Benzyl amino purine (BAP) on callus production and shoot regeneration in Bunium persicum B.Fedtsch Authors & Afffiliation: Iram Bashir1, Zahoor A. Kaloo2, Nahida Tun Nisa Chishti3, Sabreena Rashid4, Nusrath Sayeed5 1, 2, 4 Plant Tissue Culture Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar-190006 Jammu & Kashmir, INDIA 3, 5 Government College for Women, M.A Road Srinagar-190001 Jammu & Kashmir, INDIA mir.irambashir@gmail.com, zakallu@yahoo.com, nahidtn@gmail.com, sababhat80@gmail.com, gochi8@gmail.com ABSTRACT Various concentrations of BAP were used in order to find out the optimum concentration of this growth substance for callus production as well as for shoot regeneration in Bunium persicum. The optimum concentration of BAP for callus production was BAP 1mg/l, in terms of average number of days taken for callus production (6 days), amount of callus produced and percent culture response (100%). However, BAP at a concentrationof 4 mg/l was found optimum for shoot regeneration. URL: http://www.ijbst.org/Home/papers-published/ijbst-2018-volume-11-issue-5

Moringa oleifera Lam. tree has often been considered a medicinal and economical plant for its nutritional and medicinal properties. This study is intended to use plant tissue culture and elicitation technologies to increase secondary metabolites in the callus cultures of the M. oleifera. Young nodal segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). A combination of 1.5 mg/l NAA plus 0.5 mg/l TDZ resulted in a high callusing rate (70%) with the largest size. Various concentrations of Salicylic acid (SA) and Methyl jasmonate (MeJa) were individually added to the growth medium to evaluate their impact on the biomass of callus cultures, DPPH antioxidant activity, and accumulation of some flavonoids. Results indicated that all elicitors doses reduced weights and growth index of callus. While DPPH assay recorded high significant values at high concentrations of SA and MeJa compared to other treatments. HPLC analysis revealed that every concentration of SA and MeJa used led to rising flavonoids content, including Baicalin, Rutin, Hesperidin, Rosmarinic acid, Quercitrin, Quercetin, and Kaempferol. It should be noted that 20 mg/l MeJa gave the highest flavonoid content compared to the control and other treatments. In conclusion, the in vitro elicitation by SA or MeJa can improve beneficial biological substances like flavonoids and other antioxidant compounds in Moringa callus cultures.

Preliminary material /Ivan Callus and Stefan Herbrechter -- INTRODUCTION POST-THEORY? /Stefan Herbrechter and Ivan Callus -- TRANSFORMING THEORY: CULTURAL STUDIES AND THE PUBLIC HUMANITIES /Donald Morton -- APPROPRIATE NINETEENTH-CENTURY TEXTS? QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE POPULAR CULTURE OF THEORY /Andrew Cooper -- THE FATE OF CULTURE /Thomas Docherty -- RIGHT IN THE MARGINS: AN ECCENTRIC VIEW OF CULTURE /Rainer Emig -- 'FOG OVER CHANNEL, CONTINENT ISOLATED' THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND THE GREAT DIVIDE /Christopher Norris -- TOYING WITH THE POSTMODERN 'TO INFINITY AND BEYOND' /Stefan Herbrechter -- THE JOY OF THINGS /Scott Wilson -- SCIENCE AS POST-THEORY? DISCOURSES OF EVOLUTION IN CHRISTINE BROOKE-ROSE'S SUBSCRIPT /Stefania Cassar -- CULTURE, LITTERATURE, INFORMATION /Fred Botting -- READING DERRIDA POST-THEORETICALLY /Ivan Callus -- THEORY RELOADED /Ivan Callus and Stefan Herbrechter -- THE CONTRIBUTORS /Ivan Callus and Stefan Herbrechter.

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni contains diterpenoid steviol glycosides that have no adverse impact on blood sugar levels despite being 300 times sweeter than sugar. This study aimed to investigate the rate of callus induction from stevia leaves and the content of glycosides when changing the sucrose percentage in the culture medium.. Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium supported by 4.0 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg/l benzyl adenine (BA) was used, and different concentrations of sucrose (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6%) were tested .The extraction of glycosides from leaf and callus tissues was performed by using methanol. Extracted glycosides were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed significant influences of sucrose on callus initiation. The concentration of 3% sucrose had the highest fresh and dry weight. No callus was induced in the MS medium with a high concentration of sucrose (5% and 6%). However, the highest glycoside content, stevioside and rebaudioside were obtained from callus treated with 4% concentration followed by 3% sucrose the treatment . The highest fresh and dry weight average was obtained with a 3% concentration of sucrose, this treatment also increased the concentration of glycosides in the callus twice as much as in the leaves, and concentrations of 3% and 4% of sucrose gave very similar concentrations of glycosides in callus in terms of being double what was found in the leaves something which may aid in the development of a stevia glycosides based industry.

The content of endogenous hormones (auxin IAA, cytokinines, ABA) in explants of various types (segments of leaf, bud, stem), primary calluses induced from them, as well as morphogenic and non-morphogenic calluses at the initial stages of in vitro culture by the immunoassay method was studied for the first time for Lavandula angustifolia Mill. The maximum value of hormone levels in such explants as segments of bud was shown. An increase in the content of hormones in primary calluses was revealed in comparison with similar characteristics in all types of explants. The higher level of the active form of cytokinin (trans-zeatin) and ABA, as well as the lower level of the inactive form of cytokinin (zeatin-nucleotide) and auxin IAA were identified in morphogenic callus compared with non-morphogenic callus. It is suggested that the content of endogenous hormones in explants and calluses of L. angustifolia is due to their histological status. The conclusion is made about the unified histophysiological mechanisms of callusogenesis and morphogenesis in vitro in the studied plant.

Plant tissue culture considers a benefit biotechnological technique for scientific research especially the production of undifferentiation callus cells and regeneration through suspension or static media. The seedlings of Peganum harmala was used as a source to produce callus mass in vitro in static media through different tissue culture media supplemented by varying combinations of plant growth regulators (PGR). The result illustrates that 2 mg/l of Kinitine with 0.5 mg/l of 2, 4-D was efficient to stimulate callus induction with percent 100% in stem and root of P. harmala and this combination gave a high fresh weight, 1954 mg in root and 1170mg in stem and high dry weight in root and stem was 74.60, 60.30 respectively. In a comparative analysis through gas chromatography (GC) the stem and root in field recorded harmine concentration 56.13 and 40.95 μg respectively, which was higher than the in vitro callus induction from stem and root, which may be due to the fact that field plants have not been exposed to plant hormones with concentrations higher than the normal level, which reduced the stimulation of cells producing active compounds.

The external signals are used as elicitors that can modify the levels of secondary metabolites production and trigger the biotechnological enforcements to improve plant production. In this study, sodium chloride NaCl was used as a stimulating factor for the production of beta-carboline alkaloids, harmine and harmaline, in Peganum harmala. The in vitro induced callus of P. harmalain was used as a source for alkaloid production in the stimulating experiments with sodium chloride. The results illustrated that 2 mg.l-1 of NaCl increased the fresh and dry weight of callus with an average of 944.30 and 72.0 mg, respectively. In a comparative analysis through Gas Chromatography (GC), high concentrations of harmine of 58.55 µg.g-1 from the root and 56.50µg.g-1 from stem callus were recorded upon treatment with 4 mg.l-1 of NaCl. Treatment with 4 mg.l-1 NaCl also showed an increased amount of harmaline concentration in both root and stem, with values of 2.72 and 2.65 µg.g-1, respectively. The analysis and calculation of gene expression by real-time PCR of RNA showed that the induced stem callus had a high gene expression with a copy number of 229,030. While in the root, the effect of higher salinity increased the percentage of alkaloids without increasing the copy number of gene expression.

The history of Europe is intimately linked with the history of the Catholic Church throughout the first fifteen centuries of the Christian era. Realising this, the enemies of the Church, have always attempted to decry the Middle Ages in order to cast discredit and disrepute on this Institution. They have unimously called the Middle Ages-the ages in which the light of Christianity and civilization shone with the greatest lustre - the Dark Ages. True it is, that they were ages of violence and greed, of anarchy and strife. But we must remember that society was then in an age of transition, hence necessarily violent and aggressive, and that the nations of Europe were still struggling into shape. What is more, "the Age of the greatest light is a Dark Age, in the sense, that the greatest light casts the darkest shadow, and so in the deep, well defined shadows of the Middle Ages, . anti-Catholic historians have poked and searched, like beetles on a carcass". They have busied themselves for centuries in raking up all the most unpleasant phases of this period, and in searching for the dark sides of its history. ; N/A

Australian trade unions have traditionally been reluctant to become involved in management-initiated worker participation schemes. While sceptical of these proposals few unions have attempted to develop alternative, more acceptable models. This paper examines, by way of a case study, how one union has formulated a policy on industrial democracy by involving rank and file members in an extensive research project. This led members of the research team to undertake a major survey of employees' attitudes, and to examine critically the existing decision-making structures within their employing organization. The project highlights the need for policies on industrial democracy to address those issues deemed important and a matter of concern to employees. Technology was found to be one such policy. The paper examines the applicability of conventional consultative arrangements, now common in many organizations, and how more appropriate structures can be devised that will ensure a more participative and effective decision-making process.