Suchergebnisse

Research-based spin-off companies are a special subgroup of new technology-based ventures and play an important role for innovation and economic development. Executive teams of academic spin-offs face several challenges in building up sustainable and profitable ventures, because they often lack managerial and entrepreneurial skills. Based on a quantitative analysis of 193 German spin-offs, Rigo Tietz examines the relationships between executive team characteristics, strategic decision-making, and firm performance. Contents · Literature Review of Research-Based Spin-Off Companies · Theoretical Background of Entrepreneurship and Strategic Management · Examined Links between Executive Characteristics, Strategic Decision-Making, and Performance · Empirical Results and Discussion Target Groups · Researchers and students in the fields of entrepreneurship and strategic management · Entrepreneurs and managers of academic spin-offs and technology-based ventures, policymakers and practitioners of start-up initiatives and technology transfer organisations The Author Dr. Rigo Tietz received his doctoral degree from the University of Technology Dresden under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Michael Schefczyk, Department of Entrepreneurship and Innovation.

We present a broadband ferromagnetic resonance study of the Gilbert damping enhancement (α) due to spin pumping in NiFe/Pt bilayers. The bilayers, which have negligible interfacial spin memory loss, are studied as a function of the Pt layer thickness (tPt) and temperature (100–293 K). Within the framework of diffusive spin pumping theory, we demonstrate that Dyakonov-Perel (DP) or Elliot-Yaffet (EY) spin relaxation mechanisms acting alone are incompatible with our observations. In contrast, if we consider that the relation between spin relaxation characteristic time (τs) and momentum relaxation characteristic time (τp) is determined by a superposition of DP and EY mechanisms, the qualitative and quantitative agreement with experimental results is excellent. Remarkably, we found that τp must be determined by the out-of-plane electrical resistivity (ρ) of the Pt film and hence its spin diffusion length (λPt) is independent of tPt. Our work settles the controversy regarding the tPt dependence of λPt by demonstrating its fundamental connection with ρ considered along the same direction of spin current flow. ; This work was supported by FONDECYT Grant No. 3170908, ANID FONDECYT/REGULAR 1201102, ANID PIA/APOYO AFB180002, ANID FONDEQUIP EQM140161, and European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 645658 (DAFNEOX Project). ; Peer reviewed

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of patenting on the performance of academic spin-off firms (ASOs) in the post-creation stage. Specifically, our study analyses how the combination of knowledge transfer mechanisms by ASOs and patents can foster ASOs' early growth performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors explored the relations between patenting processes and spin-off performance through econometric methods applied to a broad sample of Italian ASOs. The research adopts a deductive approach, and the hypotheses are tested using panel data models by considering the sales growth rate as the dependent variable regressed over measures of patenting activity and quality and assuming that firm-specific unobservable drivers of growth are captured by random effects.FindingsThe empirical analysis shows that the incorporation of knowledge transferred by the parent university and academic founders through patents affects the performance of ASOs. Specifically, the authors find that the number of patents is a positive driver of ASOs' performance, whilst patent age does not have a significant impact on growth. Moreover, spin-offs with a larger endowment of patents obtained before foundation, surprisingly, grow less on average.Practical implicationsThe findings have implications for ASO founders by suggesting that patenting processes reap benefits. However, in the trade-off of external knowledge access vs internal knowledge protection, it may be better to begin patenting after the foundation of ASOs.Originality/valueThe authors enrich the on-going debate about the connections between knowledge transfer and organizational performance. This paper combines the concepts of patents and ASOs by providing evidence on the role of patenting processes as a transfer mechanism of explicit knowledge in ASOs. Furthermore, the authors contribute to the literature on costs and benefits of patents by hinting at unexpected findings.

We theoretically study helicity-dependent photocurrent in a three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Te3 under elastic scattering of different symmetries. By exploring spin-selective optical transitions and symmetry-breaking scattering, we are able to address the out-of-plane spin texture of the topological helical surface states and to generate directional, spin-polarization tunable photocurrent that is otherwise forbidden for the original C-3v symmetry of the surface. This can be achieved regardless of the Fermi level, even under the condition when the topological states are inaccessible in dark. This work paves the way to robustly explore the out-of-plane spin texture for harvesting opto-spintronic functionalities of topological insulators. ; Funding Agencies|Linkoping University; Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council [2016-05091]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009-00971]

This dissertation explores different perspectives on the growth trajectory of companies spun off from publicly funded research. It is composed of four papers, of which the first one provides an overview of the environment for spin-offs in Canada, and the three remaining papers present quantitative studies. Environmental factors are considered in the quantitative studies in two ways: Through explicit operationalization and through a two-country design of the empirical research – using the examples of Germany and Canada. The three empirical papers document how both of these environmental influences are significant. Where analysed, significant differences are found between Germany and Canada, in particular in the higher-order interaction terms, indicate that different combinations of factors lead to company sales growth in the two national contexts observed.

This commentary to Shaw and Nowicki (2018) proposes that academic paradigms are 'dialogical' discourses that both compete and collaborate in order to sustain their identities. They are all based on different underlying assumptions and are carried by different symbols, tropes and narratives. Each version of the truth cultivates an identity that principally depends upon it not being its alternative. As a result, each paradigm depends upon the continued existence of its opposite. In this sense, therefore, the paradigm wars were a concocted dispute over invented territories and contrived opponents. The contribution of the paper for those seeking paradigmatic peace is to emphasise that just as the war was a concocted 'simulacrum', any peace must also be designed as fantasies accomplished through language games.

This book discusses the importance of developing routinized behaviours in new venture development, explicitly highlighting the unique challenges that academic spinoffs face in this vital step towards successful business creation. During the early development stage, new ventures are informally established and have few routines that inform organizational performance. However, the process of new venture development is characterized by high ambiguity; for example, entrepreneurs have to deal with ill-defined technologies that are only vaguely understood or delineated. They also need to gradually make sense of the connections between technological functions, customer preferences and market structures. At the same time, during the early stage of new start-ups, experiences tend to be personal, embodied in specific individuals, such as the founder or founding team. Benefiting from these experiences and developing successful businesses that can exist independently of these individuals requires that these experiences become embedded in the form of routines. Presenting primary and empirical research, the author delivers a framework for the routinization of behaviours, demonstrating the challenges and opportunities that can intervene in this process. Finally, the author brings together implications that academics and practitioners can take and apply in their own ventures. Ziad El-Awad is a researcher at Sten K Johnson Centre for Entrepreneurship- Lund university. His research explores the routinisation of task work in new ventures and the role that entrepreneurial ecosystems play in supporting new ventures' development. In addition, his research unpacks enterprising activities in and around entrepreneurial ecosystems and identifies policies and economic implications of such activities.