During the past two decades, prison executives have begun to use performance-based management more extensively and frequently. The purpose of performance measurement is to assure accountability by translating agency missions into measurable outcomes, setting performance targets, regularly monitoring performance, and working toward quality improvement. Success among state departments of corrections in improving performance through results-driven management led the Association of State Correctional Administrators (ASCA) to begin an initiative to establish a national performance measurement system. A national system would clarify misunderstandings, establish standards, design measurable outcomes, allow cross-agency evaluations, encourage management to be future oriented, and provide motivation for using performance-based management with the profession. This article reviews ASCA's efforts to select measures of correctional performance, identify indicators of those measures, and specify measurement rules.
Abstract The American School Counselor Association (ASCA) recommends that there be no more than 250 students to each school counselor. Although numerous studies in the education literature show that school counselors play a positive role in educating children, to our knowledge, this is the first study answering the question of whether lower student to counselor ratios, all else equal, improve student outcomes. Using data provided to us by Florida's Alachua County School District and the University of Florida Counselor Education Department, we show that lower student to counselor ratios decrease both the recurrence of student disciplinary problems and the share of students involved in a disciplinary incident. These effects are greater for minority and low-income students. The fixed-effect models used, control for all unobserved heterogeneity across schools, isolating the effects on discipline from the within-school changes in the student-to-counselor ratio. The empirical methodologies employed produce unbiased estimates as long as the variation in the student to counselor ratio is not driven by unobserved factors that affect disciplinary outcomes.
The purpose of the article is further generalization of animation sociocultural activities management within the context of general theory and practice of culture management and characteristic features of realization of contemporary cultural practices, investigation of ASCA management within the context of general culture processes management system under conditions of destabilization of society.
The methodology. Based on the systematic approach, contemporary culture management analysis method and sociocultural animation con-cepts generalization method were used. Connection between culture management and animation acti-vities was explicated. Synthesis of scientific stances enables proposing a new take on general and specific aspects of managing contemporary sociocultural animation. Comparison of scientific stances enables uncovering development prospects of culture practices in the post-crisis period and provides an opportunity to propose their transformation direction.
The results. Investigation of animation sociocultural activities management within contemporary scientific and practical contexts is multi-leveled (broad and narrow context). Connection to applied cultural studies enables analyzing ASCA management as maintenance of quality of sociocultural interaction, creation of organizational conditions for invigorating society subjects and regulating culture-creating being in the post-crisis period. Connection of different culture management levels enables implementation of the animation effect of sociocultural activities in various constituents of a respective field (teaching, recreation, tourism etc.). Effectiveness of regulating sociocultural animation depends on systematic view on its performance under conditions of contemporary culture senses creation, coherence of management and integration levels of means of animation, coordination of performance of main management functions, taking into account its specificity within the culture space, and ensuring adherence to animation activities principles.
The scientific topicality. Contemporary global challenges (pandemics, military conflicts, total informatization) upon encountering permanent issues of society (socioeconomic troubles, ideological rigidity and value instability) become not only causes for change of a culture model, but also cause a search for productive innovative answers, which will become the basis for further culture-creation in the post-crisis period. Effectiveness of the idea of animation in the sociocultural field was proven both in theoretical research and thanks to realization of cultural practices. It is known that animation is the synonym for invigoration, sometimes even identified as social creativity, and is a factor of overcoming social extinction and alienation.
The practical significance. Culture management enables not only realization of management functions, but also accompanies motivation of subject stance, hastens interaction in the culture field, supports and leads to carrying out initiative in a sociocultural space. Innovative approaches to sociocultural animation are brought into being through topical practices, which require thorough planning, organization, coordination and effectiveness control. Thanks to culture management, not only technical and material resources for activation of animation idea through understanding, explaining, promoting and realizing it in specific actions are regulated, but also intellectual, creative and information ones as well, which modernizes contemporary sociocultural processes.
The Yeats -Tagore friendship and the eventual curious fallout between the two remain a mystery; the focus of this volume is a postcolonial reading of the two writers' friendship, the critical reception of Tagore in 1912 England, and Tagore's erasure from Western literary discourse. The essays in this volume take a decolonial turn to critically analyze the two writers in the discourse of power that is a part of their larger story. The nuances that appear in the pages of this illuminating book explore the meaning of "the politics of friendship" and the sense of intercultural relationship marred by colonialism. The volume re-envisions what the "postcolonial" can mean, be, and do. We can learn from the two major figures and their work and create a new vision of that problematic preposition "post.< - Professor Mieke Bal, ASCA (Amsterdam School of Cultural Analysis). This volume offers a magnificent illustration of how to retell the story of a cross-cultural literary relationship from a decolonial perspective. Ghosh and Redwine's edited collection exemplifies the need of the hour: to reassess the value of literary traditions, institutions, and relationships while illuminating the politics of colonialism and racism that compromises them. - Deepika Bahri, Professor of English, Emory University; Author of Postcolonial Biology
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Metabolic changes of Daphnia magna pools due different abiotic factors linked to global climate change (salinity, temperature and hypoxia) were investigated using untargeted GC–MS and advanced chemometric strategies using a three factors two-level full factorial experimental design (DoE). Effects of these three factors and identity of the metabolites whose concentrations changed because of them were investigated. The simultaneous analysis of GC–MS data sets using Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) allowed the resolution of the elution and mass spectra profiles of a large number of D. magna metabolites. Changes in peak areas of these metabolites were then analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), by ANOVA-Simultaneous Component Analysis (ASCA) and by Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), and the combined effects of the three investigated stressors were assessed. Results confirmed the strong influence of increasing environmental salinity levels on the D. magna metabolome. This impact was specially highlighted by changes on the cellular content of carbohydrates, fatty acids, organic acids and amino acid molecules. In contrast, these effects were less significant for the other two factors (temperature and hypoxia) at the moderate stressing experimental conditions investigated in this work when they were not combined with salinity. ; The research leading to these results received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement no. 320737. ; Peer reviewed
Metabolomics is a powerful and widely used approach that aims to screen endogenous small molecules (metabolites) of different families present in biological samples. The large variety of compounds to be determined and their wide diversity of physical and chemical properties have promoted the development of different types of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) stationary phases. However, the selection of the most suitable HILIC stationary phase is not straightforward. In this work, four different HILIC stationary phases have been compared to evaluate their potential application for the analysis of a complex mixture of metabolites, a situation similar to that found in non-targeted metabolomics studies. The obtained chromatographic data were analyzed by different chemometric methods to explore the behavior of the considered stationary phases. ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLS) were used to explore the experimental factors affecting the stationary phase performance, the main similarities and differences among chromatographic conditions used (stationary phase and pH) and the molecular descriptors most useful to understand the behavior of each stationary phase. ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement Number 320737. ; We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).
