Suchergebnisse

Inequality is increasing in Asia and the Pacific. Our region's remarkable economic success story belies a widening gap between rich and poor. A gap that's trapping people in poverty and, if not tackled urgently, could thwart our ambition to achieve sustainable development. This is the central challenge heads of state and government will be considering this week at the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP). A strengthened regional approach to more sustainable, inclusive growth must be this Commission's outcome.

La aplicación de estrategias para el desarrollo de públicos tiene una presencia
generalizada en la agenda cotidiana de las organizaciones del ámbito cultural y
de gestión patrimonial. Sin embargo, algunos eventos culturales, debido a su
peculiar naturaleza, han quedado al margen de la narrativa contemporánea, con
la consiguiente ausencia de investigaciones en el marco de un campo
determinado y de enfoques específicos para su estudio. Dado que en las ferias de
arte se combinan componentes de carácter cultural y comercial, constituyen un
caso interesante para evaluar el papel que desempeña el público general y conocer
cómo lograr su participación efectiva. Mediante el estudio del caso concreto de
Hybrid, una feria española de arte emergente, esta investigación evalúa las
estrategias de desarrollo de públicos aplicables a las ferias de arte, partiendo de
una detallada investigación documental y de entrevistas en profundidad a
representantes de la feria. A raíz de estas entrevistas surge un debate a partir de
la percepción de los gestores de ferias de arte sobre el papel del público en general
y sobre los objetivos orientados a la audiencia que se plantean desde estos
eventos.

This article outlines the stages of tourism development in Georgia before and after its independence. The emphasis is on the transformations in this economic field in the wake of four major highlighted turning points: I) during the Soviet era, II) after the beginning of independence, III) during reform acceleration and IV) as part of the focus on new markets. Research on changes in tourism development has been carried out in several directions. In this regard, the article outlines the structure of tourism by analysing the primary actors participating in it and the reforms that have occurred. Furthermore, the sector's scale was determined according to various indicators, including the amount of tourism infrastructure and number of destinations, accommodation units and visitors. Additionally, this article will shed light on the objective of tourism development and its significance outside of the industry. Using this approach, we will be able to reveal the insights of each time period and uncover similarities and differences based on their comparison. A thorough examination of these topics will be conducted using a variety of sources, including official documents, publications concentrating on the study periods, and statistics.

Purpose: Few studies have applied count data analysis to tourist accommodation data. This study was undertaken to investigate the characteristics and to seek for the most fitting models for population total estimation in relation to tourist accommodation data.
Methods: Based on the data of 10,503 hotels, obtained from by a nationwide Japanese survey, the bootstrap resampling method was applied for re-randomisation of the data. Training and test sets were derived by randomly splitting each of the bootstrap samples. Six count models were fitted to the training set and validated with the test set. Bootstrap distributions for parameters of significance were used for model evaluation.
Results: The outcome variable (number of guests), was found to be heterogenous, over dispersed and long-tailed, with excessive zero counts. The hurdle negative binomial and zero-inflated negative binomial models outperformed the other models. The accuracy (se) of the estimation of total guests with training sets that ranged from 5% to 85%, was from 3.7 to 0.4 respectively. Results appear little overestimated.
Implications: Findings indicated that the integration of the bootstrap resampling method and count regression provide a statistical tool for generating reliable tourist accommodation statistics. The use of bootstrap would help to detect and correct the bias of the estimation.

Businesses that want to keep pace with the change and time are establishing new departments. Through those departments the business can take decisions and actions rapidly and so that they can keep themselves updated. However, this situation can cause inconsistencies between managers and departments working with multi-departments such as hotel businesses in service industry. This paper provides an extensive literature review aiming to present and discuss models and methods of how the perceived service quality has been and should be studied and handled. By doing so this paper supports both academia, by providing a review of the service quality literature, and industry, by summarizing landmark studies that can be used as benchmark for daily operations and/or company strategies.

Most of research on destination governance focuses on reporting the results of single case studies, whose findings are often related to the particularities of the specific destinations considered. As a result, there is little (empirical) consistency in underlying principles and dimensions of destination governance. To overcome this gap, this paper presents a combined (re-)analysis of multiple qualitative case studies and empirically develops destination governance dimensions from a practitioner point of view. Findings show that theoretical conceptualisation of destination governance and practical foci differ in some respects: In contrast to governance theory, practitioners refer more to context, process and change.

This paper presents an overview of the audience-oriented initiatives implemented by art fairs during the confinement. As in other spheres of art and culture, significant growth of digital activities has been offered to the audience of the fairs. However, due to the 'experience nature' of the event, not all of these strategies were equally successful. Based on the qualitative thematic analysis of the articles written by the representatives of the art world, this paper identifies audience development strategies for the art fairs in a post-digital context. The first section introduces the classification of the strategic areas of audience development covered by the art fairs during confinement. The second section discusses which of these strategies can be implemented in the post-pandemic context. In conclusion, an overview of the audience development strategies and main trends is presented, opening the discussion on the contribution of these strategies to the development of the new art fair's model.

China has become Australia's most important source market and there are growing number of visitors participated in wine tourism. Using in-depth interviews, the study looked into Chinese tourists' preferences, motivations and barriers to participate in wineries tours in Australia. The study enriched to literature on wine tourism. It offered practical implications for wineries and destinations to better understand and accommodate Chinese wine tourists' needs and preferences.

Tourism is a promise and destinations communicate the credibility of that promise by means of destination brands. Branding has become a key tool for tourism destinations to make explicit the complexity of experiences to be expected by tourists visiting a destination. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of various issues associated with tourism destination branding. It brings together a wide range of debates in the generic marketing literature, places them alongside the nuances of tourism, and thereby identifies unique challenges of branding in tourism destination contexts. Finally, a case study of USP based national tourism branding campaigns in the Caribbean is presented.

Understanding how tourists move through time and space has become especially important since tourist has become more attentive to prices. This paper explores the issue of changing expenditures as part of understanding tourist's travel patterns and their role in booking accommodation. The State tourism survey containing information from a sample of 497,466 foreign tourists who visited Slovenia in 2009 and 639,756 who visited in 2012 was used to ensure the representativeness. Analysis of variance was used to test the differences in expenditure made by foreign tourists traveling to Slovenian in 2009 and 2012. The results show that transportation expenditure has increased dramatically, but tourism expenditures on accommodation showed a significant downtrend. Beside the fuel prices other causes of these trends and future implications are discussed. Planners may use data presented here to understand how economic trends will affect future transport activity in relation to booking options.

Understanding how tourists move through time and space has become especially important since tourist has become more attentive to prices. This paper explores the issue of changing expenditures as part of understanding tourist's travel patterns and their role in booking accommodation. The State tourism survey containing information from a sample of 497,466 foreign tourists who visited Slovenia in 2009 and 639,756 who visited in 2012 was used to ensure the representativeness. Analysis of variance was used to test the differences in expenditure made by foreign tourists traveling to Slovenian in 2009 and 2012. The results show that transportation expenditure has increased dramatically, but tourism expenditures on accommodation showed a significant downtrend. Beside the fuel prices other causes of these trends and future implications are discussed. Planners may use data presented here to understand how economic trends will affect future transport activity in relation to booking options.

Purpose: The paper suggests goal modelling as a method for the strategic analysis in tourism destinations. Destination management is quite complex and challenging and requires deep understanding of the intentions, the roles and the strategies of the various stakeholders. Methods: This paper identifies the challenges and major issues of destination management, evaluates the capacity of goal modelling to address them and demonstrates the use of goal modelling for stakeholder and strategic analysis. Results: The paper provides a holistic, multi-level modelling approach that begins with stakeholder analysis, continues with the analysis of strategic dependencies between stakeholders and ends with the analysis of the strategic alignment of the Destination Management Systems. Goal modelling is used for the analysis of the roles and functions of stakeholders, the analysis of the interdependencies between stakeholders in terms of goals, tasks and resources, the selection between alternative business configurations, and the business model and strategic analysis. Implications: Three important issues of destination management are addressed: stakeholder analysis, strategic dependency analysis, and strategic alignment of information systems. The formalism of goal modelling can provide rigor and visualization in the analysis of the complex relationships in destination management.

Purpose: The current study aims to evaluate and validate travel intention through the extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and overall image of the destination, e-WOM, that travel intention linked to actual tourist behavior. Methods: A sample of 389 domestic tourists was empirically exaimined, and analysed by using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique in order to demonstrate that the new conceptual model has a power to an insight understanding of tourist behaviour. Results: The major findings of the study identified that the influence of e-WOM on the original TPB and overall destination image constructs was statistically confirmed. In addition, destination image is as mediating variable linking between e-WOM and travel intention, which in turns lead to increasing actual tourist behavior. Implications: The major findings of the current study are useful for local authority in enhancing positive image of the destination and particularly e-WOM to increase travel intention and lead to better predicting tourist behaviour. This study further provides some theoretical and managerial implications to comprehensive understand travel intention.

Modern tourism forms respond to the contemporary tendencies of the economy, adopting new business models and creating new offerings based on natural and cultural heritage and creative and non-artificial activities. As a result, today's tourism differs from the traditional approach in determining holiday destinations characterized by a focus on the destination's physical assets. This article reviews recent tourism trends in Georgia by examining new initiatives and practices adopted in rural and mountainous regions. Ultimately, we propose focus on experience-based competitive authentic products that meet the needs of post-modern tourists and that have been adopted in high-spending markets.

Purpose: The objective of the paper is to find trends of research in relic tourism-related topics. Specifically, this paper uncovers all published studies having latent issues with the keywords "relic tourism" from the Web of Science database. Methods: A total of 109 published articles (2002-2021) were collected related to "relic tourism." Machine learning tools were applied. Network analysis was used to highlight top researchers in this field, their citations, keyword clusters, and collaborative networks. Text analysis and Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformer (BERT) of artificial intelligence model were used to predict text or keyword-based topic reference in machine learning. Results: All the papers are published basically on three primary keywords such as "!relics," "culture," and "heritage." Secondary keywords like "protection" and "development" also attract researchers to research this topic. The co-author network is highly significant for diverse authors, and geographically researchers from five countries are collaborating more on this topic. Implications: Academically, future research can be predicated with dense keywords. Journals can bring more special issues related to the topic as relic tourism still has some unexplored areas.