Suchergebnisse

Summary: Media coverage of armed conflicts often focuses on responsibility-allocation, humanitarian consequences or security, as highlighted in major media and conflict studies. This investigation analyses the use of media frames in El Mundo, El País (Spain), HispanTV (Iran) and RT (Russia) when covering the wars in Yemen and Ukraine. Novel machine learning techniques (namely SVM) show that Russian and Iranian media do not follow the pattern of traditional journalistic routines, but that the use of frames depends on the geostrategic position of their countries of origin. ; Resumen: La cobertura mediática de los conflictos armados suele centrarse en la atribución de responsabilidades, las consecuencias humanitarias o la seguridad, como señalan los principales estudios sobre medios y conflictos. La presente investigación analiza el uso de encuadres en los medios El Mundo, El País (España), HispanTV (Irán) y RT (Rusia) cuando cubren las guerras de Yemen y Ucrania. A través de novedosas técnicas de aprendizaje de máquina (en concreto, SVM), se muestra que los medios ruso e iraní no siguen las pautas de las rutinas periodísticas tradicionales, sino que el uso de encuadres depende de la posición geoestratégica de sus países de origen.

Peer Reviewed ; [EN] Resilience designates the ability to overcome traumatic and adverse situations. Some of the historic events that occurred during the last century, marked by World and Civil Wars, have turned this con-cept into one of the ultimate expressions under which to study many artist's situations, who were victims in these conflicts. In the case of Spain —where the three-year-long Civil War divided the country in two and resulted in the imposition of the Franco Regime and the consequent oppression that came with the postwar period— this word has become a key factor to understand the ambiguous position of some of these pro-tagonists. This would be the case of Víctor Cortezo (1908-1978), an un-flagging costume designer, less known for his works as a painter and illustrator. Both his work and personal circumstances before, during, and after the Spanish Civil War, have lead commentators to analyze his production as one more chapter in the history of artistic resilience. ; [ES] La palabra resiliencia designa la habilidad psicológica de las personas para sobreponerse a las situaciones adversas o traumáticas. Algunos de los acontecimientos históricos del pasado siglo, azotado por guerras mundiales y civiles, han hecho que esta palabra sea una de las últimas expresiones bajo las que estudiar la situación de muchos artistas, víctimas de estos conflictos. Para España, escenario de una contienda que mantuvo dividida al país durante casi tres años, resuelta con la victoria del bando franquista y su consiguiente opresión desde la inmediata posguerra, este término también resulta clave para enten-der la ambigua posición de algunos de sus protagonistas. Casos como el de Víctor Cortezo (1908-1978), inagotable escenógrafo y figurinista, menos reconocido en sus facetas de pintor e ilustrador. Sus circunstan-cias personales y laborales, previas, contemporáneas y posteriores a la Guerra Civil, han llevado a analizar su producción como un capítulo más de la resiliencia artística.

The siege of Alesia, a major episode of the Gallic wars, in 52 BC saw the Gallic coalition gathered around Vercingetorix fail to repel the Roman army led by Caesar. There is a strong dichotomy between the important place that this episode plays in the construction of the French national myth and the brevity of the siege, with the few visible and intelligible archaeological traces left by this type of event for the general public. These aspects contributed to the debate in the 19th century on the location of Alesia's headquarters. This controversy emerged from the scientific field over the course of a century and a half of field research that had brought to light the remains of this episode in Alise-Sainte-Reine. However, alternative locations of the site are still being defended and this pseudo-controversy continues to receive unexpected media coverage in view of the weakness of the arguments put forward. This raises questions about the ethical issues raised by such media presentations of archaeological subjects, when they submit a scientific question to commercial considerations. Indeed, these theories seek to stick to the myth, in particular by matching a site to a preconceived idea. They also feed on the ingredients of a conspiracy theory: either by deduction, because if these locations lack evidence, it is because they are hidden by archaeologists; or as a starting point, out of mistrust of the scientific discourse referred to as "official history". There is also an ethical question for the researcher about how to deal with these situations. ; Le siège d'Alésia, épisode majeur de la guerre des Gaules, voit en 52av.n.è. la coalition gauloise rassemblée autour de Vercingétorix échouer à repousser l'armée romaine menée par César. Il y a une forte dichotomie entre la place importante que prend cet épisode dans la construction du mythe national français et la brièveté du siège, avec le peu de traces archéologiques visibles et intelligibles du grand public que laisse ce type d'événement. Ces aspects ont contribué ...

jihadist mouvance Issu, the Syrian rebel group Ahrar al-Sham has operated an ideological de-radicalisation movement since its creation in 2011. This move, which was completed in 2017 with the official adoption of the Syrian national flag, saw Ahrar al-Sham embracing a 'revisionist' posture which gradually removed him from the most radical factions and brought it closer to the mainstream revolutionary. This path can be read in the light of contextual factors, namely the influence of the sponsoring states of the Syrian insurgency and the emergence in 2011 of a popular revolution project between a credible ideological alternative to the jihadist project. However, Ahrar al-Sham's response to these external stimuli can only be understood through its organisational powers, i.e. early cessation of transnational jihadist networks and the establishment of a collegial decision-making structure that allowed the consolidation of the group's reformist wing at the expense of its doctrinal rival. This study of a process of deradicalisation in times of civil war is intended to enrich the reflection on the moderation dynamics of Islamist groups, which have so far been studied mainly in contexts of peace or gentlemen. It also helps to take account of the ideological transformation mechanisms of non-state armed groups, an issue largely neglected by the theoretical work on civil wars. ; International audience ; jihadist mouvance Issu, the Syrian rebel group Ahrar al-Sham has operated an ideological de-radicalisation movement since its creation in 2011. This move, which was completed in 2017 with the official adoption of the Syrian national flag, saw Ahrar al-Sham embracing a 'revisionist' posture which gradually removed him from the most radical factions and brought it closer to the mainstream revolutionary. This path can be read in the light of contextual factors, namely the influence of the sponsoring states of the Syrian insurgency and the emergence in 2011 of a popular revolution project between a credible ideological ...

The protraction of crises, civil wars, and conflicts cause countless humanitarian disasters, on the level of individuals, families, and society as a whole. Technological innovation, including the optimisation of information flows in crisis situations, is a critical asset in the humanitarian domain, while the ultimate benchmark of the usefulness of any new 'gadget' will be its effectiveness on the ground, and the very fact of whether it saves lives in the long run. Humanitarian aid organizations do play a critical role in this respect; they are the ones to adopt, test, improve, and further develop any new technology, in close collaboration with those providing it. Over recent years, projects and initiatives have been brought up, where research institutions and humanitarian actors share both technological and practical experience in mutual exchange. Satellite Earth observation (EO) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) were recently adopted by the humanitarian action community to cope with these challenges, and to close the information gap. The special session EO4Hum focuses on the potential of EO data and technologies to support humanitarian action in crisis and disaster response. Turning satellite data into relevant geospatial information products for humanitarian actors remains a great challenge therein.

Most debates on postwar mental health focus on clinical evaluations of veterans' and civilians' individual experiences of wartime 'trauma'. But the psychological afterlife and the social discord that wars create cannot be reduced to a clinical artifact of individual trauma or be divorced from the historical and cultural meanings that it carries. Generations of war children will continue to remember, process, and work through cultural changes that quietly inscribe past war experiences in their daily lives. This article examines one such cultural shift, namely the medicalization of the memories of the Iran-Iraq War. It illustrates how individuals' PTSD-like symptoms or alleged depreshen turn the seemingly desocializing act of medicalization on its head, and how diagnosis can become a cultural resource to resocialize the war in the sanitized language of biomedicine. It further suggests that moving beyond an individual and clinical rendition of trauma requires the integration of an anthropological understanding of illness and its cultural situatedness into medical pedagogies.

12 18 4 1 ; SWORD ; [EN] In the current paper, we show an analysis of scientific literature on the MixedModel Assembly Lines sequencing, such as automobile assembly lines. In the real car productive systems, the sequence is defined by the content and the extraction order of a subset of units, taken from a buffer at the beginning of the assembly line, which is dynamicallyrefilled. The problem consists of defining the sequence of an assembly line in real time to optimize the flow of materials and the requirements of resources on the line. The aim of this review was to determine the different approaches and their approximation to real applications. Bautista, J., Companys, R., & Corominas, A. (1996). Heuristics and exact algorithms for solving the Monden problem. European Journal of Operational Research, 88(1), 101-113. doi:10.1016/0377-2217(94)00165-0 Cordeau, J.-F., Laporte, G., & Pasin, F. (2008). Iterated tabu search for the car sequencing problem. European Journal of Operational Research, 191(3), 945-956. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2007.04.048 Dahmala, T. N.; Kubiak, W. (2005). A brief survey of just-in-time sequencing for mixed-model systems. International Journal of Operations Research, Vol. 2, pp. 38-47. Meyr, H. (2004). Supply chain planning in the German automotive industry. OR Spectrum, 26(4). doi:10.1007/s00291-004-0168-4 Monden, Y. (1987). Toyota Production System. Institute of Industrial Enginerrs Press; Nor Cross. Parrello, B. D. (1988). Car wars: (almost) birth of an expert system. AI Expert, Vol. 3, nº. 1, pp. 60-64. Valero-Herrero, M., Garcia-Sabater, J. P., & Maheut, J. (2011). An approach to the real circumstances of the car sequencing problem, in 41st International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering. Wester, L. & Lilbridge, M. (1964). The assembly line model-mix sequencing problem., pp. 247-260. ; [ES] En el presente trabajo se muestra un análisis de la literatura científica existente sobre la secuenciación en líneas de montaje con mezcla de modelos, como son las líneas ...

The current work looks at the complexity of the definition of alcoholism during restoration in Spain. The peculiar way of , through the voluntary ingestion of alcoholic beverages, helped to shape a narrative around alcoholism, in which the idea of bodily and voluntary drinking was preferred. Moralisation as a form of anti-alcohol control was the normal consequence of this course. However, alcoholism was also defined as a social illness, albeit implicitly. The link established by the Spanish authors between alcoholism and proletarisation and wars of social origin such as housing, poor nutrition, etc. indicated that there was a close awareness that there was a link between alcoholism and the form of organisation of capitalist society at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. ; Peer reviewed ; The current work looks at the complexity of the definition of alcoholism during restoration in Spain. The peculiar way of , through the voluntary ingestion of alcoholic beverages, helped to shape a narrative around alcoholism, in which the idea of bodily and voluntary drinking was preferred. Moralisation as a form of anti-alcohol control was the normal consequence of this course. However, alcoholism was also defined as a social illness, albeit implicitly. The link established by the Spanish authors between alcoholism and proletarisation and wars of social origin such as housing, poor nutrition, etc. indicated that there was a close awareness that there was a link between alcoholism and the form of organisation of capitalist society at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. ; En el presente trabaja se estudia la complejidad de la definición del alcoholismo durante la Restauración en España. La peculiar manera de , a través de la ingestión voluntaria de bebidas alcohólicas, ayudó a configurar un discurso en torno al alcoholismo en el que primó la idea de vicio y voluntariedad del bebedor. La moralización como forma de lucha ...

Monthly journals prons in Church and Magnificat are an essential part of the current life of French-speaking Catholic parishes. Despite a recent outbreak in France at the end of the 80s, their origin lies in the coastal movement between the two wars in Austria and Quebec. They can be described as a "disposable" version of the Missels of Fidees, designed to contribute to the active participation of followers in the dominical messes during the week, with Magnificat also having the main aim of facilitating access to the Heat liturgy. The high and increasing number of subscribers to these two months demonstrates the need for such media today. However, their use is not without problems, especially prons in churches, in liturgy preparations and in the celebrations themselves, because of the risk of making them a quasi-norm equal to liturgical books. Finally, the ecological dimension of this type of 'disposable' Missels should be noted. ; Les revues mensuelles Prions en Église et Magnificat sont un élément incontournable de la vie actuelle des paroisses catholiques francophones. Malgré une apparition récente en France, à la fin des années 80, leur origine se situe dans le mouvement liturgique de l'entre-deux guerres en Autriche et au Québec. On peut les caractériser comme une version «jetable» des Missels des fidèles, destinée à contribuer à la participation active des fidèles aux messes dominicales et en semaine, Magnificat ayant de plus pour but principal de faciliter l'accès à la Liturgie des Heures. Le nombre élevé et croissant des abonnés à ces deux mensuels prouvent la nécessité de tels media aujourd'hui. Leur utilisation n'est cependant pas sans problème, surtout Prions en Église, dans les préparations des liturgies et dans les célébrations elles-mêmes, en raison du risque d'en faire une quasi-norme à l'égal des livres liturgiques. On notera enfin la dimension écologique de ce type de Missels «jetables»

Torrell, J. (1999). Cinema and the break-up wars of Yugoslavia. The mattress. (19): 54-63. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/41781. ; 54 63 19 ; Torrell, J. (1999). Cinema and the break-up wars of Yugoslavia. The mattress. (19): 54-63. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/41781. ; Importación Masiva ; Torrell, J. (1999). Cinema and the break-up wars of Yugoslavia. The mattress. (19): 54-63. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/41781. ; Torrell, J. (1999). El cine y las guerras de desmembración de Yugoslavia. La madriguera. (19):54-63. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/41781.

Malaise's news in Civilisation is beyond doubt in the light of world events, as our civilisation is evolving in unpredictable and disorder. Insidious, uncontrollable violence is spreading. Here, social divides develop from neighbourhoods in difficulty. There are increasing numbers of attacks, terrorism, civil wars or 'purificative' redactions. The strength of the media means that we are increasingly intertwined in the world or ideologi. ; L'actualité de Malaise dans la Civilisation ne fait pas de doute au regard des évènements du monde, tant notre civilisation évolue dans l'imprévisible et le désordre. La violence insidieuse, incontrôlable, s'étend. Ici les fractures sociales se développent à partir des quartiers en difficulté. Là-bas les attentats, le terrorisme, les guerres civiles ou les exterminations « purificatrices » se multiplient. La puissance des médias fait que nous sommes de plus en plus mêlés au monde ou à l'idéologi …

Summary: The early births of the 19th century found a UIC in the Cuzco that had ceased to be the head of the Vireinate for the city of Lima and had already experienced civil wars, campaigns to remove idolatrías and the disappearance of the last INCAS descendants. In this article, we present the full text of the 1610 List, which lists the ceremonies to celebrate the beatification of Ignacio de Loyola, the predecessor of the historical context and accompanied by critical notes that make it possible to understand the public holiday in which indigenous communities participate in this festival with their own dance and music, allowing us to reconstruct some mechanisms for maintaining incaica memory within these communities today. ; Resumen: Los albores del siglo xvii encontraron en el Cuzco una ciu dad que había dejado de ser la cabecera del virreinato en pos de la ciudad de Lima, y que ya había vivido guerras civiles, campañas de extirpación de idolatrías y la desaparición de los últimos descendientes Incas. Presentamos en este artículo el texto completo de la Relación de 1610 donde se relatan las ceremonias para festejar la beatificación de Ignacio de Loyola, antecedida del contexto histórico y acompañada de notas críticas que permiten entender el momento festivo en el que las comunidades indígenas participan de esta fiesta con sus "bailes y música", permitiéndonos reconstruir hoy algunos mecanismos de mantención de la memoria incaica al interior de estas comunidades.

Summary. This article explores how the Colombian Government's peace negotiations with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) impacted the country's anti-drugs policy. To this end, the literature on the economics of civil wars and the economy of crime is reviewed as a matter of course, anti-drugs policy is studied over the last two decades and official figures reported in governmental and international reports on the behaviour of illicit crops, production and trafficking of drugs are analysed. The results show that the state's anti-drugs policy during the Santos government, essentially based on voluntary eradication and crop substitution, and a sharp reduction in air spraying (forced eradication), proved to be a determining factor in the increase in cocaine crops. ; Resumen. Este artículo estudia cómo las negociaciones de paz del Gobierno de Colombia con las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) impactaron la política antidrogas del país. Para ello, se revisa la literatura sobre economía de las guerras civiles y la economía del crimen como oficio, se estudia la política antidrogas durante las últimas dos décadas y se analizan las cifras oficiales consignadas en informes gubernamentales e internacionales sobre el comportamiento de los cultivos ilícitos, la producción y el tráfico de drogas. Los resultados muestran que la política antidrogas del Estado durante el gobierno de Santos, fundamentalmente basada en la erradicación voluntaria y la sustitución de cultivos, y una fuerte disminución de las aspersiones aéreas (erradicación forzosa), resultó ser un factor determinante en el incremento de los cultivos de cocaína.

67 81 2 ; SWORD ; [EN] This paper sheds some light, from an anthropological point of view, on the invisibilization of women in classical approaches to overseas migration to Argentina. I analyse the trajectories of Slovene women in Argentina, from two specific periods (between World Wars and post-World War II), seeking to identify and compare some specificities of the migratory process. I also intend to interpret the underlying representations in the narratives, regarding women, their experiences as migrants and their socio-labor insertion in the target society. I argue that female migratory experiences in the target society are related to socioeconomic relationships of both the emigration society and destination, since gender relations, like other social institutions, are configured culturally and historically, assigning attributes and meanings to the masculine and the feminine. On the one hand, it will be seen that Slovene migrant women were interpellated by the patriarchal corset of their gender identity, but at the same time there are trajectories that demonstrate the role of subjectivity in the decision of women to "start a new life". ; [ES] El presente trabajo problematiza desde la antropología la invisibilización de las mujeres en los abordajes clásicos de las migraciones históricas de ultramar a la Argentina. Me propongo recuperar algunas trayectorias históricas de eslovenas en Argentina de dos períodos específicos (entreguerras mundiales y pos Segunda Guerra Mundial), buscando identificar y comparar algunas especificidades del proceso migratorio. Asimismo, me propongo interpretar en las narrativas las representaciones subyacentes respecto de las mujeres, sus experiencias como migrantes y su inserción sociolaboral en la sociedad de destino. Sostengo que las experiencias migratorias femeninas en la sociedad de destino se relacionan con relaciones socioeconómicas tanto de la sociedad de emigración, como de destino, puesto que las relaciones de género, como otras instituciones sociales, se configuran ...

This article reverted to an important idea: war would be the matrix of contemporary societies. This is a study on how war violence affects political and socio-cultural practices in European and American societies. ; International audience ; This article reverted to an important idea: war would be the matrix of contemporary societies. This is a study on how war violence affects political and socio-cultural practices in European and American societies. ; Cet article revient sur une idée importante : la guerre constituerait la matrice des sociétés contemporaines. Il s'agit d'une étude sur la façon dont la violence de guerre conditionne les pratiques politiques et socioculturelles dans les sociétés européennes et américaines.