Suchergebnisse

Hohe Verluste durch Extremwetterereignisse und wissenschaftlicher Konsens über die unvermeidbaren Konsequenzen des Klimawandels erhöhen den Bedarf für effektive Anpassungsstrategien. Folglich ist Klimawandelanpassung zu einem wichtigen Thema in der EU geworden. Diese Arbeit kombiniert qualitative und quantitative Methoden, um (i) den Status quo der öffentlichen Anpassung in der EU und in Mitgliedstaaten zu untersuchen, (ii) Anpassungskostenpfade basierend auf öffentlichen Informationen und der Rücksprache mit Stakeholdern und ExpertInnen zu erstellen, (iii) ein multiregionales, multisektorales CGE-Modell weiterzuentwickeln, sodass verschiedene Arten der Anpassung (strukturell, informatorisch, ökosystembasiert) berücksichtigt werden, und (iv) die makroökonomischen und budgetären Effekte von öffentlicher Anpassung zu analysieren. Die praktische Umsetzung von Anpassung in den Mitgliedstaaten weist deutliche Unterschiede in der Institutionalisierung, Finanzierung und Planung auf. Trotz diesen und klimatischen Unterschieden zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass öffentliche Anpassung gesamtwirtschaftlichen Netto-Nutzen generiert. Obwohl sich die Umsetzung von Maßnahmen auf die Ausgabenseite der öffentlichen Haushalte auswirkt, steigen die Gesamteinnahmen des Staates, da Anpassung die gesamtwirtschaftlichen und budgetären Auswirkungen des Klimawandels reduziert, indem, im Vergleich zu einem Szenario ohne Anpassung, höhere wirtschaftliche Aktivität ermöglicht wird. Da die negativen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Steuerbasis gemildert werden, ermöglichen Anpassungsmaßnahmen ein höheres öffentliches Konsumniveau und höhere Transfers an private Haushalte. Allerdings können hohe Implementierungskosten und das ungleiche Timing von Kosten und Nutzen der Anpassung an Ereignisse mit geringer Wahrscheinlichkeit, aber schwerwiegenden Auswirkungen die Haushaltsbelastung erhöhen, wenn nur durchschnittliche Folgen des Klimawandels berücksichtigt werden. ; Increasing losses from extreme events and scientific consensus on the inevitable impacts of climate change raise the need for coping strategies through adaptation. Consequently, climate change adaptation has emerged into an important topic in EU policies and funding mechanisms. This thesis combines qualitative and quantitative methods to (i) investigate the status quo of public adaptation in the EU and in Member States, (ii) synthesise adaptation cost pathways based on public documents and stakeholder and expert input, (iii) refine a multi-regional, multi-sectoral CGE model to account for different types of adaptation (structural, informational, ecosystem-based), and (iv) analyse the economy-wide and budgetary implications thereof. We find that the EU is an important enabler of adaptation action in Member States, especially where adaptive capacities are low. The practical implementation of adaptation in Member States does not follow a one-size-fits-all approach, with distinct differences in the institutionalisation, funding and planning among countries. Despite differences in the exposure to climate risks and national adaptation strategies, results show that adaptation generates net-benefits on an economy-wide scale for the countries investigated. Although the implementation of adaptation requires public funding, affecting the expenditure side of public budgets, overall government revenues increase as adaptation reduces the economy-wide and budgetary effects of climate change, enabling a higher level of economic activity, compared to a scenario without adaptation. Thus, by mitigating the negative effect of climate change on the tax base, we find that adaptation allows for higher levels of government consumption and transfers to households. However, high implementation costs and a mismatch between the timing of costs and benefits of adaptation to low-probability, high-impact events can increase the budgetary burden when considering only mean climate change effects. ; Eva Preinfalk ; Zusammenfassungen auf Deutsch und Englisch ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2021 ; (VLID)5870113

The Holistic Approach to Unravel Antibacterial Resistance in East Africa is a 3-year Global Context Consortia Award (MR/S004785/1) funded by the National Institute for Health Research, Medical Research Council and the Department of Health and Social Care. The award is also part of the EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union. This work is supported in part by the Makerere University-Uganda Virus Research Institute Centre of Excellence for Infection and Immunity Research and Training (MUII). MUII is supported through the DELTAS Africa Initiative (grant number 107743). The DELTAS Africa Initiative is an independent funding scheme of the African Academy of Sciences and Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa, and is supported by the New Partnership for Africa's Development Planning and Coordinating Agency with funding from the Wellcome Trust (grant number 107743) and the UK Government. This paper was funded in part by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (grant number U01CA207167). ; Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat that requires urgent research using a multidisciplinary approach. The biological drivers of AMR are well understood, but factors related to treatment seeking and the social contexts of antibiotic (AB) use behaviours are less understood. Here we describe the Holistic Approach to Unravel Antibacterial Resistance in East Africa, a multicentre consortium that investigates the diverse drivers of drug resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in East Africa. Methods and analysis This study will take place in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. We will conduct geospatial mapping of AB sellers, and conduct mystery client studies and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with drug sellers to investigate AB provision practices. In parallel, we will conduct IDIs with doctors, alongside community focus groups. Clinically diagnosed patients with UTI will be recruited from healthcare centres, provide urine samples and complete a questionnaire capturing retrospective treatment pathways, sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes and knowledge. Bacterial isolates from urine and stool samples will be subject to culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Genomic DNA from bacterial isolates will be extracted with a subset being sequenced. A follow-up household interview will be conducted with 1800 UTI-positive patients, where further environmental samples will be collected. A subsample of patients will be interviewed using qualitative tools. Questionnaire data, microbiological analysis and qualitative data will be linked at the individual level. Quantitative data will be analysed using statistical modelling, including Bayesian network analysis, and all forms of qualitative data analysed through iterative thematic content analysis. Ethics and dissemination Approvals have been obtained from all national and local ethical review bodies in East Africa and the UK. Results will be disseminated in communities, with local and global policy stakeholders, and in academic circles. They will have great potential to inform policy, improve clinical practice and build regional pathogen surveillance capacity. ; Publisher PDF ; Peer reviewed

The article is devoted to the problems of the development of modern Chinese cities, which describes the development of large Chinese cities in the 20th and 21st centuries, analyzes contemporary problems and the conditions for their formation in the near future. The pur- pose of the article is to show the dynamic development of the largest and most important modern cities in China and the problems that arise in connection with their development. Novelty — first in the periodical literature describes the development of megacities as a ra- tional option for the territorial organization of urban areas. The methodological basis of the article consists of historical-logical and complex approach, tabular and graphical me- thods of presenting research results. In the 80s, the fi rst special economic zones were created. His process was characterized by the introduction of elements of the free market, the de- collectization of agriculture, changes in the sectoral structure of the economy and its ration- alization. A prolonged concentration of the population in large cities of China causes their further expansion and the formation of large metropolitan clusters — megacities. Given the development of the Chinese economy, it should be understood that its participation in international exchange, despite notable progress, still too small; expansion in world markets occurs with low quality and, as a result, with low prices for Chinese goods; China's growing position in the global economy is predominantly quantitative rather than qualitative. To con- solidate China as one of the leaders in the process of economic globalization, it is important to ensure the eff ective management of such large centers of concentration of human and material resources as megacities. In this regard, much attention is paid to the analysis of trends and the conditions for the further development of Chinese cities. It is determined that in 20-25 years, more than 1,000,000,000 Chinese citizens will live in large cities. Th e process of converting them into a new modifi ed form, megalopolises, will continue. Th e factors that will infl uence the development of modern megacities, and the set of internal processes for their further development (political, social, economic, ethnic, religious and environmental) that require some structuring are identifi ed. Th e negative aspects of urbanization were iden- tifi ed: growing income inequality and a deterioration in population structure. To overcome these phenomena, restructuring of the regional economy and measures to overcome inequa- lity are considered useful, where preference is given to income distribution mechanisms de- pending on the quality of labor, stimulation of social responsibility of employers and others. Th is assessment of China's demographic policy is aimed at improving family planning.

The launch of the medium resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Sentinel-1 constellation in 2014 has allowed public and private organizations to introduce SAR interferometry (InSAR) products as a valuable option in their monitoring systems. The massive stacks of displacement data resulting from the processing of large C-B and radar images can be used to highlight temporal and spatial deformation anomalies, and their detailed analysis and postprocessing to generate operative products for final users. In this work, the wide-area mapping capability of Sentinel-1 was used in synergy with the COSMO-SkyMed high resolution SAR data to characterize ground subsidence affecting the urban fabric of the city of Pistoia (Tuscany Region, central Italy). Line of sight velocities were decomposed on vertical and E–W components, observing slight horizontal movements towards the center of the subsidence area. Vertical displacements and damage field surveys allowed for the calculation of the probability of damage depending on the displacement velocity by means of fragility curves. Finally, these data were translated to damage probability and potential loss maps. These products are useful for urban planning and geohazard management, focusing on the identification of the most hazardous areas on which to concentrate efforts and resources. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO), the State Agency of Research (AEI) and European Funds for Regional Development (FEDER) under projects AQUARISK (ESP2013-47780-C2-2-R) and TEMUSA (TEC2017-85244-C2-1-P) and STAR-EO (TIN2014-55413-C2-2-P). The first author shows gratitude for the PhD student contract BES-2014-069076. The work was conceived during the research stay of P. Ezquerro and R. Tomás in the Università degli Studi di Firenze and the research stay of G. Herrera in the IGOT Lisbon University, supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport under fellowships EEBB-I-18-13014, PRX17/00439 and PRX19/00065, respectively. The S-1 monitoring activity is funded and supported by the Tuscany Region under the agreement "Monitoring ground deformation in the Tuscany Region with satellite radar data." The authors also gratefully acknowledge TRE ALTAMIRA for having processed the S-1 data. The project was carried out using CSK® Products, © ASI (Italian Space Agency), delivered under the ASI Project Id Science 678 - "High resolution Subsidence investigation in the urban area of Pistoia (Tuscany Region, central Italy). The work is under the framework of the e-shape project, which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement 820852. This paper is also supported by the PRIMA programme under grant agreement No 1924, project RESERVOIR. The PRIMA programme is supported by the European Union.

The analysis of the Polish think tanks specialized in diplomatic and foreign policy issues is particularly informative for the research of the current Polish expert networks. The phenomenon of think tanks is a particularly important marker of the democracy development level for the transitional political systems of Central and Eastern European countries. While the evolution of the US and Western European countries expert networks lasted for decades, the Eastern European research centers often embody the peculiarities of short-term political development, often representing a specific model of the research network based on specific regional experience. In their main activities, Polish think tanks rely on a wide experience of cooperation with governmental institutions and public authorities. Think tank experts satisfy the demand of politicians for the quality analytics and exert a direct influence on government policy making, both by performing expert and advisory functions as well as reflecting and directly shaping the public opinion. Polish think tanks specialized in foreign policy and diplomacy have experienced extensive changes in their development which can be divided into three key stages, reflecting the key issues in the history of the Polish foreign policy. The first stage, which lasted from 1990 to 2004, was characterized by the European integration research and project issues. During this time think tanks activity was primarily focused on analytical support for the integration of Poland into Euro-Atlantic structures. The second stage, which includes 2004-2014, is characterized by the attempts to develop a strategy for improving the effectiveness of Poland's activities within the Euro-Atlantic institutions. The third phase, which began in 2014 and continues till today, is characterized by project focusing on security topics and developing key security strategies. The collaboration of the Polish think tank experts with the government officials in the security field is particularly close. Polish think tanks are increasingly important actors in public policy. Research centers provide assistance to the Polish governmental institutions in long-term strategic planning and project management, strongly influencing political decision-making. ; Проанализирована деятельность ведущих польских аналитических центров, продемонстрирована взаимосвязь польских «фабрик мысли» с органами государственной власти и управления. Охарактеризовано участие экспертных организаций в долгосрочном стратегическом планировании польской национальной безопасности. Определено смещение аналитических практик в пользу прогностического моделирования, что приводит к институционализации экспертной среды, привлечению экспертов к консалтинговой деятельности в сфере внешней политики и международных отношений. ; Проаналізовано діяльність провідних польських аналітичних центрів, продемонстровано взаємозв'язок польських «фабрик думок» із органами державної влади та управління. Охарактеризовано участь експертних організацій у довгостроковому стратегічному планування польської безпекової політики. Визначено зміщення аналітичних практик на користь прогностичного моделювання, що зумовлює інституціоналізацію експертного середовища, залучення експертів до консалтингової діяльності у сфері зовнішньої політики та міжнародних відносин.

This Briefing Paper presents one of six analyses of cross-sectoral coordination challenges that were conducted as part of the STEER research project and on which separate Briefing Papers are available. South Africa's water legislation is internationally recognised for its ambitious implementation of integrated water resource management (IWRM). IWRM is a concept that was developed to address complex water challenges by considering the connections between land and water, and widening the knowledge space to other water-using sectors and actors. Stakeholder participation and coordination - key aspects to IWRM - represent a network governance style, which contrasts with the hierarchical governance style that most governments embody. We find three challenges regarding the implementation of IWRM in South Africa: Firstly, a dual governance system: The landscape of South African organisations relevant to catchment management consists of organisations from the western administrative and traditional governance systems. The western administrative governance system includes organisations such as the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS), which is mandated to manage water resources, and the Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs, which mediates with traditional authorities regarding various issues, including land management. Currently, these organisations do not cooperate on land-water issues as needed. Secondly, a lacking implementation of water legislation: The South African National Water Act of 1998 outlines Catchment Management Agencies (CMA) as network governance structures that should manage the catchment at a local scale and include all water users. However, after more than 20 years, these structures have not been implemented. This is also due to a conflict in governance styles between the stakeholder-integrating CMAs and the expert-driven, hierarchical DWS. Thirdly, conflict between governance styles: In the absence of the CMA, several informal or non-statutory network governance structures have developed in the uMngeni catchment (e.g. Catchment Management Forums and the uMngeni Ecological Infrastructure Partnership). In several instances, actors representing these structures and government representatives are in conflict over the different approaches to knowledge management and decision-making; these differences are rooted in their respective governance styles. In the last few years, the DWS started the process of a Catchment Management Strategy, which requires stakeholders to participate and formulate their needs. This process could become a mediating tool for the conflicts that arise between the actors when using the different hierarchical and network governance styles. We propose the following recommendations: 1. Integrating traditional authorities into planning processes in a culturally sensitive way is crucial in supporting IWRM. 2. Network structures - designed by government or self-organised - may provide the social capital needed at the local and regional governance levels to implement IWRM. 3. In order to mediate between the existing hierarchical and network governance knowledge, management strategies should represent a hybrid governance style.

Abstract. Elderly (elderly) is someone who is categorized in an age that reaches the age of 60 years or more. With age the physical ability and motor ability of a person also decreases. Reporting from the data of the demographic affairs office of Sidoarjo district in November 2019, the number of elderly population reached 270,881 inhabitants. With increasing age, the level of memory in the brain decreases which result in senility (dementia). Generally, the elderly are placed in a nursing home where their daily activities are limited so that elderly people in nursing home experienced stress and cause dementia to get worse. Dementia is considered prevalent in most communities, so the people with dementia are not early detected. Dementia is divided into 4 types, namely: Alzheimer, Lewy Body, Vascular and Parkinson. Each type of dementia has different treatment so the therapy process can run effectively. In the process of planning and designing a therapeutic complex for elderly people with dementia in the Sidoarjo District are applying the rules of behavior architectural themes in which each dementia complex has different facilities and it's assessed based on the user. Also, helping government programs written in the Sidoarjo district regional regulation number 4 of 2010 regarding Elderly Welfare, The government is obliged to provide services and social protection for the elderly so that they can actualize and enjoy a decent standard of living.Keywoards : Theraupetic, Elderly, Dementia Abstrak. Lansia (lanjut usia) adalah seseorang yang dikategorikan dalam usia yang mencapai usia 60 tahun atau lebih. Dengan seiring bertambahnya usia, kemampuan fisik dan kemampuan motorik seseorang juga menurun. Dilansir dari data dispenduk kabupaten sidoarjo November 2019, jumlah penduduk lansia mencapai 270.881 jiwa. Dengan bertambahnya usia, tingkat memori dalam otak akan semakin menurun yang mengakibatkan kepikunan (demensia). Umumnya, lansia ditempatkan pada sebuah panti jompo yang mana kegiatan sehari-harinya dibatasi sehingga banyak lansia yang berada di dalam panti jompo mengalami stress dan menyebabkan penyakit demensia semakin memburuk. Kepikunan dianggap hal lazim pada sebagian besar masyarakat, sehingga penderita demensia tidak terdeteksi sejak dini. Demensia dibagi menjadi 4 jenis, yaitu : Alzheimer, Lewy Body, Vaskuler dan Parkinson. Setiap jenis demensia memiliki penanganan yang berbeda agar proses terapi bisa berjalan dengan efektif. Pada proses perencanaan dan perancangan kompleks therapeutic untuk lansia demensia di kabupaten sidoarjo menerapkan kaidah-kaidah tema arsitektur perilaku dimana pada setiap kompleks demensia memiliki fasilitas yang berbeda dan dikaji berdasarkan pengguna. Serta, membantu program pemerintah yang tertulis berdasarkan peraturan daerah kabupaten Sidoarjo Nomor 4 Tahun 2010 tentang Kesejahteraan Lanjut Usia, pemerintah berkewajiban memberikan pelayanan dan perlindungan sosial bagi lansia agar mereka dapat mewujudkan dan menikmati taraf hidup yang layak.Kata Kunci : Theraupetic, Lansia, Demensia

For scientific headway to be made in the field of social science today, direct contact with analysed phenomena is all-important. The research hypothesis we put forward is that, just like practical laboratory work, fieldwork is an indispensable tool in tourism geography in guaranteeing rigorous scientific studies. The aim of this paper is: 1) to help demonstrate the usefulness of fieldwork in tourism geography in enriching the taught theory and concepts; 2) to design useful methodological tools for planning student-driven, enquiry-based learning processes; 3) to use Mallorca as a case study in a direct analysis of the complex spatial consequences of the Anthropocene on the tourist industry. Our teaching and research experience in tourism geography, particularly in relation to global change during the Anthropocene, are fundamental in achieving these objectives. We conclude that fieldwork helps students to develop important skills and competences, facilitating meaningful learning. Through the students' active participation, the teacher is no longer a transmitter of theoretical knowledge, but a facilitator in the learning process. ; La importancia para el avance científico del contacto directo con los fenómenos analizados es actualmente incuestionable en las ciencias sociales. De manera similar a la investigación de laboratorio, nuestra hipótesis defiende que el trabajo de campo en geografía del turismo es una herramienta insoslayable para llevar a cabo un estudio científico riguroso. En este contexto, el presente estudio propone: 1) contribuir a demostrar la utilidad del trabajo de campo para enriquecer el proceso de aprendizaje de geografía del turismo, mediante la definición de su corpus conceptual y teórico; 2) diseñar herramientas metodológicas útiles para planificar procesos de aprendizaje basados en la autonomía de los estudiantes y su enfoque basado en la indagación; 3) usar el caso de Mallorca para ejemplificar su aplicabilidad al análisis de las complejas consecuencias territoriales del Antropoceno en la industria turística. Para alcanzar estos objetivos, se utiliza la experiencia directa de enseñanza e investigación en geografía del turismo y, en particular, sus vínculos con el Antropoceno. Concluimos que el trabajo de campo ayuda a desarrollar habilidades y competencias importantes de los estudiantes, facilitando un aprendizaje significativo. La inscripción participativa del estudiante hace que el/la docente ya no sea un mero transmisor de conocimiento teórico, sino el facilitador en el proceso de aprendizaje. ; This research contributes to the projects: "Overtourism in Spanish Coastal Destinations. Tourism Degrowth Strategies" (RTI2018-094844-B-C31) and "Inland tourism in Spain: Challenges, valorization and strategies in the face of changing situations and crises for boosting tourism products and destinations. Case dynamics" (CSO2016-74861-R), State R+D+I program oriented toward society's challenges, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigación and European Regional Development Fund of the European Union.

AbstrakPenelitian ini berdasarkan pengembangan bahan ajar yang digunakan untuk pelatihan membatik pada program PPPUD UNP 2019, dengan judul "Pengembangan Kerajinan Batik Berbasis Budaya Lokal di Kabupaten Agam Sumatera Barat, Menuju Pasar Global". Hal ini dilaksanakan, seiring dengan usaha pemerintah daerah yang mendorong industri batik tumbuh dan berkembang di Sumatera Barat, salah satunya adalah UMKM Batik Minang Alam Takambang yang berlokasi di Nagari Batu Palano Kec. Sungai Puar Kab. Agam, Propinsi Sumatera Barat yang menjadi mitra dalam PPPUD UNP. Sebagai unggulan daerah UMKM Batik Minang Alam Takambang harus didorong untuk dapat berkembang sama dengan batik lainnya yang telah dahulu maju di pulau Jawa. Metode dalam mengembangkan bahan ajar ini adalah Research and Development dengan model penelitian 4D yang terdiri dari tahap pendefinisian, tahap perencanaan, tahap pengembangan dan tahap penyebaran. Bahan ajar yang dikembangkan dianggap telah dapat digunakan oleh peserta pelatihan membatik dalam proses belajar, berdasarkan hasil penelitian data uji validitas dan praktikalitas, dengan hasil 83,35% kategori sangat valid. Sedangkan data uji praktikalitas dengan hasil 85,89% kategori sangat praktis. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar batik tulis layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran pada mata kuliah analisis tekstil.Kata Kunci: bahan ajar, pelatihan, membatik, budaya lokal.AbstractThis research is based on the development of teaching materials used for batik training in the 2019 PPP UNP PPPUD program, entitled "Development of Local Culture-Based Batik Crafts in Agam Regency, West Sumatra, Towards a Global Market". This was carried out, along with the efforts of the local government to encourage the batik industry to grow and develop in West Sumatra, one of which was the Minangkabau Batik Minang Alam Takambang located in Nagari Batu Palano Kec. Sungai Puar Kab. Agam, West Sumatra Province which is a partner in PPPUD UNP. As the pre-eminent regional SME Batik Minang Alam Takambang should be encouraged to be able to develop together with other batik that had previously advanced on the island of Java. The method in developing this teaching material is Research and Development with the 4D research model consisting of the defining stage, the planning stage, the development stage and the deployment stage. Teaching material developed is considered to be able to be used by batik training participants in the learning process, based on the results of the validity and practicality test data, with the results of 83.35% the category is very valid. While the practicality test data with the results of 85.89% is very practical category. It can be concluded that the written batik teaching material is fit to be used as a learning medium in textile analysis courses.Keywords: teaching materials, training, batik, local culture.

The discourse of «First capital» is one of the main in the identity of contemporary Kharkivites and its appearance in memory politics is systematic. The short period in city history, when it had official status of capital, left an unproportionally big mark in the collective memory. We would like to study how the capital status was «built» in Kharkiv architecture. Kharkiv, which during the imperial period was a huge regional centre for so-called «Russian South» or «Slobids'ka Ukraine region», was growing rapidly at the beginning of the Soviet era. Its territory was increased in 5,7 times from 1910 till 1930. The city was changed not only in sizes but by its planning structure. The «old» city was criticized for its chaotic structure and architectural styles. Thus new one was imagined as a proletarian utopia with planned quarters and residential complexes. KhTZ was visioned in the crossing of several urban concepts: city garden, desurbanisation and linear city. Industrial objects such as Serp i Molot, KhTZ, Kharkiv Locomotive Factory marked the urban space and created industrial cityscape. Among the main architectural markers of new capital were Derzhprom, Building of Cooperation and Projects and Theater of mass action. The competition for Theater of Mass Action attracted more than 145 architects, among them 100 foreign ones. The image of Kharkiv as capital was avantgarde, utopian, industrial and proletarian one. Contemporary urban palimpsest is cleared most of avant-garde buildings and visitor imagines Kharkiv as the city of Stalin ampir, not the constructivist one. Mentioning «First capital» is not necessary reference to the period of 1920s-1930s, mostly it is about nostalgia for Soviet past at all. ; Дискурс першої столиці займає одне з чільних місць у сучасній ідентичності харків'ян(ок) та систематично простежується в політиці пам'яті міської влади. Нетривалий період в історії міста, коли воно мало офіційний столичний статус, залишив непропорційно великий слід у колективній пам'яті. Пропонуємо дослідити, як саме статус столичності відбився на архітектурі міста, як «будувався» столичний простір у фізичному, соціальному та ідеальному просторах, як функціонують ці знакові будівлі зараз. Харків сприймався як пролетарська та індустріальна столиця, втілення робітничої утопії. Серед головних архітектурних маркерів, які позначали столичний простір, – Держпром, Будинки уряду та проєктів, а також Театр масової дії. Повоєнна відбудова міста фактично повністю «стерла» його авангардистський образ, залишивши сталінський ампір як втілення тоталітарної архітектури. Дослідження цих проблем допоможе нам торкнутися концепту «Першої столиці», який в уявленнях сучасних харків'ян радше відбиває російськомовний імперський Харків, аніж радянський україномовний, що виводить нас на розгляд проблеми крізь призму постколоніального дискурсу. Джерелами дослідження є плани міста, які дають змогу простежити зміни у фізичному просторі, архітектурна періодика, що дає матеріали про засади містобудування, ідеологію радянських міст, спогади, які відбивають сприйняття мешканцями столичного статусу, фотографії та креслення.

This Briefing Paper presents one of six analyses of cross-sectoral coordination challenges that were conducted as part of the STEER research project and on which separate Briefing Papers are available.South Africa's water legislation is internationally recognised for its ambitious implementation of integrated water resource management (IWRM). IWRM is a concept that was developed to address complex water challenges by considering the connections between land and water, and widening the knowledge space to other water-using sectors and actors. Stakeholder participation and coordination – key aspects to IWRM – represent a network governance style, which contrasts with the hierarchical governance style that most governments embody. We find three challenges regarding the implementation of IWRM in South Africa: Firstly, a dual governance system: The landscape of South African organisations relevant to catchment management consists of organisations from the western administrative and traditional governance systems. The western administrative governance system includes organisations such as the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS), which is mandated to manage water resources, and the Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs, which mediates with traditional authorities regarding various issues, including land management. Currently, these organisations do not cooperate on land-water issues as needed. Secondly, a lacking implementation of water legislation: The South African National Water Act of 1998 outlines Catchment Management Agencies (CMA) as network governance structures that should manage the catchment at a local scale and include all water users. However, after more than 20 years, these structures have not been implemented. This is also due to a conflict in governance styles between the stakeholder-integrating CMAs and the expert-driven, hierarchical DWS. Thirdly, conflict between governance styles: In the absence of the CMA, several informal or non-statutory network governance structures have developed in the uMngeni catchment (e.g. Catchment Management Forums and the uMngeni Ecological Infrastructure Partnership). In several instances, actors representing these structures and government representatives are in conflict over the different approaches to knowledge management and decision-making; these differences are rooted in their respective governance styles. In the last few years, the DWS started the process of a Catchment Management Strategy, which requires stakeholders to participate and formulate their needs. This process could become a mediating tool for the conflicts that arise between the actors when using the different hierarchical and network governance styles.We propose the following recommendations:1. Integrating traditional authorities into planning processes in a culturally sensitive way is crucial in supporting IWRM.2. Network structures – designed by government or self-organised – may provide the social capital needed at the local and regional governance levels to implement IWRM.3. In order to mediate between the existing hierarchical and network governance knowledge, management strategies should represent a hybrid governance style.

As the competition between destinations grows, the need to stand out and offer memorable and unique experiences also grows. Culinary experiences and activities with elements of "the local" are a growing niche, which mirrors the trend of knowing where the food originates, and that it has been grown, produced, and transported in an ecologically, socially and culturally sustainable way. To be able as a visitor to get close to the products and the producers by participating in the production process adds an additional dimension to the experience. In Sweden and other Nordic countries, the movement around the New Nordic Kitchen has fed the rising attention on the local crops, production methods, and traditions, and "the local" has thus developed as a way of enhancing the culinary experience through recent years. The local as a means of culinary tourism is a phenomenon which is visible in several contexts, as in the form of small-scale producer networks, as well as in regional and national efforts, politically as well as commercially. To the culinary actors the notion of the local seems to be something that connects the common interests and desires to offer unique and attractive food experiences. A certain "taken-for-grantedness" has thereby emerged around the local as something good and positive, not just in an environmental perspective, but even socially and culturally.The overall aim of this thesis is to study how culinary tourism is enacted as an economic, social, and cultural activity, through the notion of "the local". The vision of Sweden – a new culinary nation, and a culinary tourism producer network in Southern Sweden act as examples of this process. The empirical data was collected by an ethnographic approach, through observations, conversations/interviews and the study of various documents. Taking a practice theoretical perspective, the thesis analyses how the local in culinary tourism is enacted in three practice-bundles: framing the ideal culinary destination, organising culinary tourism, and performing the local in culinary tourism. The analysis demonstrates how the local is enacted as a combination of acts such as positioning a culinary tourism profile, staging of culinary products and experiences, negotiating what or whom should be included in a culinary network, or ways of talking about the local as a part of rural policy, ways of designing food tours, or specific uses of local food products and other items in culinary activities. The thesis contributes to understanding the processes involved with the planning and performing of tourism experiences and activities, as well as the complexities therein. Thereby different tensions that emerge in this vein also become visible, such as tensions between the local and non-local, the commercial and ideal, as well as the physical and more abstract elements linked to the local.

У статті розглянуто сутність фінансового контролю та закономірності функціонування системи державного фінансового контролю в Україні. Виявлено основні проблеми, що перешкоджають ефективному функціонуванню системи державного фінансового контролю. Вказано раціональні шляхи вдосконалення діючої вітчизняної системи державного фінансового контролю. Відзначено, значення фінансового контролю виражається в тому, що при його проведенні перевіряються, по-перше, дотримання встановленого правопорядку в процесі фінансової діяльності органами державної влади та органами місцевого самоврядування, підприємствами, установами, організаціями, громадянами і, по-друге, економічна обгрунтованість і ефективність здійснюваних дій, відповідність їх завданням держави. Таким чином, фінансовий контроль виконує роль інструменту, який забезпечує підвищення ефективності витрачання бюджетних коштів і збалансованості бюджетів усіх рівнів, що сприяє успішному вирішенню завдань, що стоять перед державою, а також дозволяє забезпечити ефективність функціонування фінансової системи держави. ; The article deals with the essence of financial control and regularity of functioning of the system of state financial control in Ukraine. The main problems that impede the effective functioning of the system of state financial control have been identified. The rational ways of improving the existing domestic system of state financial control are indicated. It is noted that the value of financial control is expressed in the fact that during its implementation, first, the observance of the established law and order in the course of financial activity by the state and local self-government bodies, enterprises, institutions, organizations, citizens and, secondly, economic viability and the effectiveness of the actions taken, their compliance with the state's tasks. Thus, financial control plays the role of a tool that ensures the efficiency of spending of budgetary funds and the balance of budgets of all levels, which contributes to the successful completion of tasks facing the state, and also allows to ensure the efficiency of the functioning of the financial system of the state.The current situation in the field of public finances is a consequence of systemic shortcomings in legislative regulation, budget planning, use of budgetary resources, control over this use, etc. At the same time, financial discipline and responsibility are at a very low level, which exacerbates the synergistic effect of illegal and inefficient use of budgetary funds. In such circumstances, there is a need to identify possible ways to improve the effectiveness of state financial control in order to further improve it. The solution to the problematic issues of the national system of public financial control will be helped by the implementation of a unified strategy, which should meet the requirements of the present day and be based on the norms adopted worldwide, taking into account national peculiarities of management.We believe that reforming the control functions of public administration at the regional and local levels and achieving their effectiveness will allow the Ukrainian economy to develop dynamically and effectively.

Uz porast starijeg stanovništva, u našem društvu raste potreba za organiziranjem različitih oblika skrbi. U modernom društvu smatra se da je to dugoročni sustav skrbi. Kako Slovenija još uvijek nema dugoročni sustav skrbi utemeljen na dugoročnom zakonodavstvu o skrbi, iako demografski trendovi pokazuju da za to postoji velika potreba, nužno je istražiti potrebe starijih osoba i moguće zadovoljavanje njihovih potreba. Koristeći metodu brze procjene potreba i usluga u općini Straža, identificirali smo prirodu i opseg dugoročnih potreba i iznašli učinkovita rješenja za potrebe starijih osoba slijedeći moderne smjernice u skrbi i zamjenu za institucijsku skrb. Ustanovili smo da je stanovništvo općine staro, da se mlađe stanovništvo iseljava, a sredovječna generacija svakodnevno putuje na posao izvan općine. Nema nikoga tko bi mogao skrbiti o starijima, a taj će se trend nastaviti i u budućnosti. Rješenja se mogu pronaći u organizaciji pomoći unutar općinske zajednice i u regionalnoj integraciji. Ipak, u kontekstu socijalne politike pri planiranju novih usluga treba uzeti u obzir trend smanjivanja kvalitete života starijih osoba, nadilaženje rasprostranjenih tabua o fenomenu starosti i smanjivanju autonomije i moći starijih osoba, njihovu društvenu umreženost i uvođenje moderne informacijske i komunikacijske tehnologije. ; With the growing number of older population, our society raises the need to organise various forms of care. In contemporary society, this is considered to be a long-term care system. Since Slovenia does not yet have a longterm care system based on long-term care legislation, while the demographic trends show a great need for it, it is essential to investigate the needs of older people and the possible responses to their needs. By using the method of rapid assessment of needs and services in the Municipality of Straža, we have identified the nature and extent of long-term distress, and sought effective responses to the needs of older people following the modern guidelines of care and substitutions for institutional care. We have found that the population of the municipality is old, the young population is moving away, and the middle generation commutes daily to work outside the municipality. There is no one available to take care of the older population and this trend will continue in the future. The solutions may be found in the organisation of community assistance within the municipality and in regional integration. When planning new services, however, the trend of lowering the quality of well-being of older people, overcoming the prevailing taboos about the phenomena of old age and strengthening the autonomy and power of older people, their social network and introducing modern information and communication technology should be taken into account in the context of social policy.

La circostanza di una fondazione urbana nuova, costituita dall'ampliamento o quasi dal raddoppio di un centro urbano esistente, emerge con chiarezza dall'osservazione della cartografia storica e della struttura catastale dell'abitato di Ales, in provincia di Oristano. In questo studio l'analisi storico-urbanistica ha indirizzato la successiva ricerca sul piano storico e documentario, fino a far emergere con chiarezza la effettiva differenza strutturale di due settori urbani e delinearne sia le matrici formali che gli ambiti di appartenenza culturale. A fronte di un nucleo urbano originario, i cui caratteri sono riferibili ad alcuni ambiti medievali regionali, la porzione urbana nuova appare improntata sui caratteri essenziali delle azioni urbanistiche denominate di tipo farnesiano. Esse sono oggetto di ricerca da anni: rilevate in ambito romano, estesamente rispetto allo Stato pontificio e alle aree di influenza della potente famiglia romana dei Farnese, in particolare nel XVI secolo, non sono state ancora studiate in aree esterne ai loro possessi. In questo studio emergono le connessioni storiche e politiche tra la famiglia sarda dei Carroç e il papato romano, le linee di progettazione di una strada nuova, con nuovi lotti ai lati e con un edificio disposto sul fondale prospettico, i riferimenti adottati per il rinnovamento dell'architettura e dell'urbanistica della sede del loro nuovo vescovado di Ales. ; On the Trail of Farnesian Urbanism in Ales (Oristano), a New Bishopric of the Early Sixteenth Century The circumstance of a new urban foundation, constituted by the extension or almost the doubling of an existing urban center, clearly emerges from the observation of the historical cartography and the cadastral zoning of the town of Ales, in the province of Oristano. In this study, the historical urban planning analysis led to a subsequent research on historical and documentary evidence, bringing out the details of the actual structural difference of two urban sectors and delineating their formal matrices and their areas of cultural belonging. Compared with the original urban nucleus, whose features are related to regional medieval contexts, the new urban area appears to be based on the essential features of the urban actions known as the Farnesian type. They have been studied for many years: found in Rome, extensively present in the Papal State and in the areas of influence of the powerful Farnese Roman family, particularly in the sixteenth century, they have not been found in areas outside their estates, until now. This study brings to light the historical and political connections between the Carroç Sardinian family and the Roman papacy, the design lines of a new street, with new lots on the sides and with a building on the perspective backdrop, and also the references adopted for the renovation of the architecture and urbanism of the headquarters of their new bishopric in Ales.