Suchergebnisse

In this article the authors report on primary research undertaken with young people in a deprived area of northwest England who use regular binge drinking as the lynch pin of their social group. Traditional health messaging approaches have had little success with this hard to reach group. Findings were analyzed using neotribal concepts. We found that the search for community and belonging occupied a central place in binge drinking behavior for this group. A discussion is offered of appropriate up- and downstream social marketing solutions, based on the principle that any exchange will need to offer community and other benefits equal to those currently delivered through binge drinking.

The article presents an analysis of the regulation of educational supply and demand in French secondary education. It looks at the influence of political choices and the institutional and social logic they bring about in a deliberate or unintended manner, on institutions' competitive strategies and family choice strategies. Focusing on the processes used by institutional and social actors to safeguard their interests, in particular as regards maintaining or improving their position, the analysis of their interaction focuses on the role of statutory mechanisms in matching and power relations. ; This paper analyses the regulation of educational supply and demand in French secondary schools. It looks at the influence of policy choices – and the institutional and social logic they involve, whether intentionally or not – on establishments' strategies of competition and families' strategies of choice. Focusing on the processes that institutional and social players use to defend their interests, especially with regard to maintaining or enhancing their positions, the analysis of their interaction emphasizes the role that statutory mechanisms play in matching families and schools and in power relationships. ; The article presents an analysis of the regulation of educational supply and demand in French secondary education. It looks at the influence of political choices and the institutional and social logic they bring about in a deliberate or unintended manner, on institutions' competitive strategies and family choice strategies. Focusing on the processes used by institutional and social actors to safeguard their interests, in particular as regards maintaining or improving their position, the analysis of their interaction focuses on the role of statutory mechanisms in matching and power relations. ; L'article présente une analyse de la régulation de l'offre et de la demande éducative dans l'enseignement secondaire français. Il s'intéresse à l'influence des choix politiques et des logiques institutionnelles et sociales ...

Social enterprises have a vital role in improving individuals' social and economic well-being. In this study we examined the impact of organizational legitimacy on customer citizenship behavior (CCB) within social enterprises, focusing on the mediating mechanism of social network
relationship strength, and the moderating effect of network heterogeneity. We proposed and tested our theoretical model using a survey of 381 individual customers who had engaged with social enterprises in Mainland China. The results showed that network relationship strength partially mediated
the impact of organizational legitimacy on CCB, and network heterogeneity negatively moderated the effect of organizational legitimacy on CCB but positively moderated the effect of network relationship strength on CCB. Our findings extend understanding of how CCB arises in social enterprises
and enrich the social enterprise and CCB literature by adding new empirical evidence from China.

Information systems have been heralded as indispensible tools for enhancing the performance of human services and producing positive outcomes for people (Poertner and Rapp, 1988). Such systems can play an important role in the processes of formulating social policy, planning, and programming. This role includes the identification of social issues and their formulation, goal clarification, the identification of priorities and alternatives in these processes, and in social monitoring and evaluation (Berman, 1985). In contradistinction to the political aspect of decision‐making, information systems aid in bringing about rationalization of the decision‐making process in the public policy sphere (Welrich, 1985). The effective use of information systems, however, is dependent upon the accessibility of the system to the decision‐maker during the decision‐making process. The place of the decision‐maker in the administrative structure determines the type of information he needs and its mode of application. The value of the information system in decision‐making is contingent upon the relevance of the information in content and in being available at the right time.

Published online: 22 Mar 2018 ; In all advanced democracies, policies related to the welfare state are the largest part of public policy activity. Cross-pressured by globalization, deindustrialization, rising public debts, demographic changes, permanent austerity and the rise of 'new social risks', welfare states in post-industrial democracies have entered a new phase of consolidation and transformation since the 1980s. Against early fears, retrenchment has not been 'the only game in town'. Rather, many countries have expanded new welfare policies such as 'social investments'. This collection adds to the recent literature on the emergence of the 'social investment state' in several ways: (1) it assesses to what degree social investment policies have become established across countries and at the EU level; (2) it demonstrates that and why the politics of social investment are different from those of compensatory social policies on the micro and macro level; and (3) it points at important socio-economic effects of social investments.

Summary: Social Work Practice Pilots (SWPP) with adults was a government initiative in England (2011-2014) that created seven social work practices independent from local authorities/government. The stated aims were to reduce bureaucracy, promote professional discretion and expertise, and reduce the size of the public sector. The SWPPs were social work-led and comprised between five and one hundred social workers and/or other professionals/non-professionals. This paper describes how the methodology of appreciative inquiry (AI), was used to investigate how the SWPPs in England were developing as independent practices. Information was obtained through two, two-day site visits at each SWPP, and two shared learning workshops with representatives from the SWPPs. Findings: SWPPs were found to be developing in accord with the following four key aims of the pilots: (1) Spend more time with clients (service users); (2) A more responsive service; (3) More control over the day-to-day management; and (4) Think creatively about resource use. SWPPs reported a reduction in bureaucracy and an ability to create flexible practices that more appropriately met the needs of the communities. Applications: The findings provide an initial indication of how social work practice could develop independently of local authorities and suggest possible benefits to staff and clients. The study demonstrated how the AI approach to research and consultancy can serve as a participative learning process when exploring social work practice. The strengths and limitations of the approach are discussed.

Das vorliegende Papier geht von der Annahme aus, daß in der Forschung über soziale Kognition der soziale Kontext nicht eigentlich thematisiert wird, sondern das die Prinzipien der kognitiven Psychologie nur auf 'soziale Stimuli' übertragen werden. Demgegenüber referiert der Autor psycholinguistische Ansätze, die Strukturen und Prozesse der alltäglichen Konversation systematisch berücksichtigen. In Gesprächen bauen sich kognitive Strukturen wie 'biases', 'Denkfehler' und fehlerhafte Attributionen erst auf. Untersuchungen über Entscheidungsprozesse, Einstellungsmessungen und Fragebogenkonstruktionen werden im Zusammenhang mit der vom Autor favorisierten Konversationsanalyse diskutiert. (pmb)

The study scrutinizes the relationship between professional working conditions and burnout among Hungarian social and pedagogical professionals. Despite the fact that burnout and occupational well-being have been extensively researched abroad among professional helpers – primarily health care workers –, no quantitative survey has been conducted in Hungary so far in the target group we examined. Another added value of our study is that, besides work and organizational factors revealed by previous burnout studies, it points to the role of client- and fieldwork-related difficulties in the prevalence of burnout symptoms. In our exploratory, crosssectional survey, 261 social and pedagogical specialists participated from Baranya County. Our results suggest that job and task matching problems, and difficulties related to the fieldwork and clients lead to emotional exhaustion of professionals and decreased work efficiency. Deficiencies related to work motivation cause loss of efficiency as well. The results also indicate that out of the three occupational groups involved in the research, professionals working in the field of child protection are most at risk for emotional exhaustion, and the symptom of depersonalization is most relevant to child protection and family and child welfare workers. In addition, we have shown that longer professional experience can be considered a protective factor in burnout symptoms. Our results can make an important contribution to the establishment of individual and organizational level training, support, development, monitoring and evaluation programs and/or policy-level guidelines and interventions that can improve the working conditions of professionals and reduce their risk of emotional, mental and physical strain.

This article offers a definitional note of the dark social web and introduces the remaining articles in this collection.

The subject of the study undertaken in 2019–2020 by the method of in-depth sociological interviews with the descendants of persons suffered of massive political repressions, including the dispossessed peasants, is the social memory of the population of the Republic of Mordovia about the mass political repressions of the 1920s – 1940s. The aims of the study were to identify the main strategies for dealing with collective trauma in families of repressed in a regional society, the main subjects of social memory about traumas of repression, strategies for remembering and forgetting, and social factors that influence their choice, strategies for group self-identification of the descendants of the repressed, prerequisites (or their lack) for the consolidation of broader traumatized communities, as well as the underlying cultural modalities of discussing trauma and repressions in terms of detraumatization or retraumatization. The results of the study show that the families of the repressed are the main social subjects that preserve the memory of mass repressions in Mordovia. At the same time, the descendants of the repressed do not show a tendency to form wider traumatized communities based on remembering the repressions and identifying their perpetrators. There are three main strategies for dealing with collective trauma in families of the repressed. The first one is silence which is typical mainly for the commemorative strategies of families that have not changed their place of residence, contributing to the individualization of trauma and its intergenerational transmission. The second strategy is "talking cure" the trauma of repressions in terms of legal and moral assessment, based in the Soviet period on the assimilation of the self-identification of the "Soviet person" instead of the former group identity destroyed by repressions. The third strategy is the creation of an anti-communist counter-narrative about mass repressions based on the least stable in intergenerational perspective strategy of family self-segregation. Family narratives about traumatic experience are dominated by detraumatizing modalities of historicization and mythologization, which do not question the value of group identities acquired due to the integration of the descendants of the repressed into the structure of Soviet society. In local communities, the predominant model for dealing with the traumatic past remains "dialogical oblivion".

"As the Asia-Pacific region develops in economic strength and influence in the twenty-first century, a deeper understanding of the differences and commonalities among the countries of this region is needed. Australia and Malaysia share the Asia-Pacific region with powerful neighbours such as China and Indonesia, as well as small fledgling democracies such as Timor Leste. This timely volume compares these two societies on key issues and tensions relating to globalization and social transformation, including foreign policy and national security; multiculturalism and citizenship; the middle class; global governance; migrants, human rights and international students. The contributors explore the contested and lively debates that emerge through the expanded mobility of ideas and people in this so-called 'Asian Century'"--

The health workforce is hierarchical in structure in terms of skill mix and social composition. Most of the studies on the health workforce are focused on the number of personnel in the public sector. The private sector that has a large presence employs a significant percentage of the total health work force but there is little reliable data on the numbers involved. This is largely due to the lack of regulation of the private health services. Apart from the numbers involved in both the sectors, a few studies have shown the relationship between the work and social hierarchy in health services. While the public sector has a more diverse mix of social backgrounds due to affirmative policies, the private sector ownership is mostly dominated by an upper and middle caste-class combine. There is an under-representation of minorities and women as owners of private health services. The gendered nature of work is visible with the middle and lower rungs constituted by mostly women and men from lower caste-class combine. The terms of work, working conditions and wages paid for this category of workers amounts to exploitation with no forum for redressal. This essay draws together some primary work and references to secondary research and anecdotal evidences to build the scenario of social inequities among the workforce in the private health services.

La privatització de l'aigua a Xile originada a la dictadura civicomilitar ha provocat un esgotament del recurs hídric al país. Aquest article mostra l'articulació del moviment ambiental Modatima al voltant de la seva lluita per la recuperació de l'aigua per a les comunitats i el trànsit des de les accions de carrer cap a la disputa electoral institucional. Des d'una autoetnografia, s'evidencien les contradiccions internes i les conviccions que van viure els seus participants durant el procés d'elecció de Convencionals que hauran d'escriure la nova Constitució. Conclou que l'aposta política del moviment és inundar la institucionalitat sense abandonar el carrer, i incorporar la ciutadania democratitzant els processos polítics. ; The privatization of water in Chile, which originated during the civil-military dictatorship, has led to the depletion of the country's water resources. This article shows the articulation of the environmental movement Modatima in its struggle for the recovery of water for the communities and its transition from street actions to the institutional electoral dispute. An autoethnography shows the internal contradictions and convictions experienced by its participants during the election process of the Convention members who will write the new Constitution. It is concluded that the movement's political bet is to flood the institutionalism without abandoning the street and to incorporate citizenship by democratizing the political processes. ; La privatización del agua en Chile originada en la dictadura cívico-militar ha provocado un agotamiento del recurso hídrico en el país. Este artículo muestra la articulación del movimiento ambiental Modatima en torno a su lucha por la recuperación del agua para las comunidades y el tránsito de este desde las acciones callejeras hacia la disputa electoral institucional. Desde una autoetnografía, se evidencian las contradicciones internas y convicciones que vivieron sus participantes durante el proceso eleccionario de Convencionales que escribirán la nueva Constitución. Se concluye que la apuesta política del movimiento es inundar la institucionalidad sin abandonar la calle, e incorporar a la ciudadanía democratizando los procesos políticos.