Suchergebnisse

Objective: Covid19 pandemic challenged the global healthcare system and both developed and developing countries responded with their might to fight this global pandemic. Road traffic accidents are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India and we studied the impact of lockdown on neurosurgery trauma patients in a tertiary care centre in India. Methods: Indian government announced complete lockdown on 25th march 2020 and India remained in complete lockdown till 31st May 2020. We included the patients admitted from 1st January 2020 to 24th March 2020 in pre lockdown period and25th march to In this cross-sectional study we divided the patients into two groups of pre lockdown and lockdown period and incidence of neurosurgery trauma patients was assessed for Road Traffic Accident, assault, hit by animal and fall from height. Result: In our study 491 patients were admitted in pre lockdown and 369 patients were admitted in lockdown period. Road traffic accident patients were more in pre lockdown 39.5% (n=194) as compared to lockdown period 31.2% (n=115). However, cases of assaults were more in the lockdown period (14.6%, n=54) as compared to pre lockdown (3.9%, n=19). The death rate in neurosurgery trauma patients reduced significantly in lockdown (7.3%, n=27) as compared to pre lockdown (21.8%, n=107). Conclusion: The COVID19 pandemic induced lockdown resulted in a decrease in motor vehicle movements which further decreased the incidence of RTA and related trauma however incidence of assault-related trauma and cases increased significantly in this period. The overall outcome of such patients improved probably due to better utilization of available health care facilities.

This experiment evaluated the effects of subnutrition during early gestation on hematology in cows (Bos Taurus) and on hematological, metabolic, endocrine, and vitality parameters in their calves. Parda de Montaña and Pirenaica dams were inseminated and assigned to either a control (CONTROL, 100% requirements) or a nutrient‐restricted group (SUBNUT, 65%) during the first third of gestation. Dam blood samples were collected on days 20 and 253 of gestation, and calf samples were obtained during the first days of life. Pirenaica dams presented higher red series parameters than Parda de Montaña dams, both in the first and the last months of gestation. During early pregnancy, granulocyte numbers and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were lower in Pirenaica‐SUBNUT than in Pirenaica‐CONTROL cows. Calves from the SUBNUT cows did not show a physiological reduction in red series values in early life, suggesting later maturation of the hematopoietic system. Poor maternal nutrition affected calf endocrine parameters. Newborns from dystocic parturitions showed lower NEFA concentrations and weaker vitality responses. In conclusion, maternal nutrition had short‐term effects on cow hematology, Pirenaica cows showing a higher susceptibility to undernutrition; and a long‐term effect on their offspring endocrinology, SUBNUT newborns showing lower levels of IGF‐1 and higher levels of cortisol. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Business and the European Union Regional Development Funds (INIA RTA 2013‐00059‐C02 and INIA RZP 2015‐001) and the Government of Aragon under the Grant Research Group Funds (A14_17R). A. Noya received a PhD grant from INIA‐Government of Aragon.

8 páginas, 4 tablas.-- El PDF es la versión post-print. ; [Question]: This study analysed the effect of severe soil erosion on species composition of plant communities by favouring species showing certain growth forms, root-sprouting and clonal growth abilities. [Location]: The study area was located between the middle Ebro Valley and the Pre-Pyrenees (northeastern Spain). [Methods]: Root-sprouting and shoot-rooting abilities, clonal reproduction and growth form were assessed for the 123 most common plant species from eroded lands in the study area. We obtained 260 vegetation relevés in three different substrata (gypsum outcrops, Miocene clays and Eocene marls) on areas with different degrees of soil erosion. The frequency of every plant trait in each relevé was estimated according to species presence. The effect of soil erosion on the frequency of plant attributes was assessed by correlation analyses. [Results]: Bipolar, non-clonal plants and annual species decreased their frequency with increasing soil erosion in the three substrata analyzed, whereas root-sprouters and woody plants (mostly sub-shrubs) increased their frequency in most of the substrata analysed. [Conclusions]: Woody sub-shrubs, root-sprouters and clonal species are favoured in eroded lands in NE Spain. Bipolar species and annual plants might not be plastic enough to survive the high stress and frequent disturbances prevailing in such eroded areas. ; This study was supported by the research projects RTA 2005-00100 from the MEC (INIA) and CGL2006- 11619/HID, CGL2004-04919-C02-01/HID, REN2003-08678/ HID from the MCT, Spanish Government. J.G.C. was supported by a grant from the Government of Aragon (BMA 15/93). ; Peer reviewed

This document is the accepted manuscript version of a published work that appeared in final form in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/jf401292j ; Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important crops in the world being considered as a staple food in many developing countries. The potato industry like other vegetable and fruit industries is subject to the current demand of quality products. In order to meet this challenge, the food industry is relying on the adoption of nondestructive and environmentally friendly techniques to determine quality of products. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is currently one of the most advanced nondestructive technologies regarding instrumentation and application, and it also complies with the environment requirements as it does not generate emissions or waste. This paper reviews research progress on the analysis of potatoes by NIRS both in terms of determination of constituents and classification according to the different constituents of the tubers. A brief description of the fundamentals of NIRS technology and its advantages over other quality assessment techniques is included. Finally, future prospects of the development of NIRS technology at the industrial level are explored. ; The funding of this work has been covered by Navarre Government Technologists formation program and the Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA) project: "Genetic improvement of Potato. Characterization of the material by NIRS technology" RTA 2011-00018-C03-03.

Background: In clinical practice, there is the need to have clinical and biological markers to identify induced depression. The objective was to investigate clinical, biological and genetic differences between Primary Major Depression (Primary MD) and Alcohol Induced MD (AI-MD). Methods: Patients, of both genders, were recruited from psychiatric hospitalisation units. The PRISM instrument was used to establish the diagnoses. Data on socio-demographic/family history, clinical scales for depression, anxiety, personality and stressful life events were recorded. A blood test was performed analysing biochemical parameters and a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) to identify genetic markers associated with AI-MD. Results: A total of 80 patients were included (47 Primary MD and 33 AI-MD). The AI-MD group presented more medical comorbidities and less family history of depression. There were differences in traumatic life events, with higher scores in the AI-MD (14.21 ± 11.35 vs. 9.30 ± 7.38; p = 0.021). DSM-5 criteria were different between groups with higher prevalence of weight changes and less anhedonia, difficulties in concentration and suicidal thoughts in the AI-MD. None of the genetic variants reached significance beyond multiple testing thresholds; however, some suggestive variants were observed. Conclusions: This study has found clinical and biological features that may help physicians to identify AI-MD and improve its therapeutic approach. ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme 2014–2020 under Grant Agreement No. 634143 (MedBioinformatics) and ISCIII-Red de Trastornos Adictivos-RTA-FEDER (RD12/0028/0009 and RD16/0017/0010). Acció instrumental d'Intensificació de Professionals de la Salut—Facultatius especialistes (PERIS: SLT006/17/00014).

Anxiety disorders are often associated with an inability to extinguish learned fear responses. The hypocretin/orexin system is involved in the regulation of emotional states and could also participate in the consolidation and extinction of aversive memories. Using hypocretin receptor-1 and hypocretin receptor-2 antagonists, hypocretin-1 and hypocretin-2 peptides, and hypocretin receptor-1 knockout mice, we investigated the role of the hypocretin system in cue- and context-dependent fear conditioning and extinction. Hypocretins were crucial for the consolidation of fear conditioning, and this effect was mainly observed in memories with a high emotional component. Notably, after the acquisition of fear memory, hypocretin receptor-1 blockade facilitated fear extinction, whereas hypocretin-1 administration impaired this extinction process. The extinction-facilitating effects of the hypocretin receptor-1 antagonist SB334867 were associated with increased expression of cFos in the basolateral amygdala and the infralimbic cortex. Intra-amygdala, but neither intra-infralimbic prefrontal cortex nor intra-dorsohippocampal infusion of SB334867 enhanced fear extinction. These results reveal a key role for hypocretins in the extinction of aversive memories and suggest that hypocretin receptor-1 blockade could represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases associated with inappropriate retention of fear, such as post-traumatic stress disorder and phobias. ; This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III grants, #PI13/00042 and #RD12/0028/0023 (RTA-RETICS), by the Spanish Ministry of Science #SAF2011-29864, the/nCatalan Government (SGR2009-00731), and by the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA Academia program). África Flores is a recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education.

The objective of this study is to examine and analyze the many factors that contribute to the occurrence of automobile deaths within the Emfuleni Local Municipality. This study employed a hybrid analytics approach, employing a non-probability convenience sampling strategy. The researchers employed a descriptive study methodology to gather a sample of 168 participants, consisting of both traffic cops and motorists. The primary outcomes of the investigation revealed that road configuration, including small roads, hills, and sharp curves, was one of several influential elements in the occurrence of road traffic accidents (RTA). The dataset under analysis reveals that a substantial proportion of respondents possessing a standard 10/matric/grade 12 certificate had a higher level of agreement compared to those with a diploma/bachelor's degree about the primary responsibility of road layout in road traffic accidents (RTAs). The majority of participants identified stray or wild animals as a significant contributing cause to road accidents. Notably, female respondents and motorists residing in Emfuleni Municipality exhibited the highest level of agreement on this matter. Another significant contributing element was the presence of malfunctioning traffic signals, which was widely acknowledged as a causative factor in road collisions. The majority of respondents who possessed a standard 10/matric/grade 12 education exhibited the highest level of agreement. The results ultimately demonstrated that a majority of the participants concurred that a significant portion of the drivers and automobiles present on the road were not suitable for sharing the roads with other drivers, leading to the elevated occurrence of road traffic fatalities. The present circumstance necessitates prompt attention. Suggestions were proposed to provide assistance to the pertinent parties.

[EN] Diplodia tip blight is the most ubiquitous and abundant disease in Spanish Pinus radiata plantations. The economic losses in forest stands can be very severe because of its abundance in cones and seeds together with the low genetic diversity of the host. Pinus resinosa is not genetically diverse in North America either, and Diplodia shoot blight is a common disease. Disease control may require management designs to be adapted for each region. The genetic diversity of the pathogen could be an indicator of its virulence and spreading capacity. Our objective was to understand the diversity of Diplodia spp. in Spanish plantations and to compare it with the structure of American populations to collaborate in future management guidelines. Genotypic diversity was investigated using microsatellite markers. Eight loci (SS9-SS16) were polymorphic for the 322 isolates genotyped. The results indicate that Diplodia sapinea is the most frequent Diplodia species present in plantations of the north of Spain and has high genetic diversity. The higher genetic diversity recorded in Spain in comparison to previous studies could be influenced by the intensity of the sampling and the evidence about the remarkable influence of the sample type. ; This research was funded by INIA, grant number: RTA 2017-00063-C04-03, LIFE programme, grant number: LIFE14 ENV/ES/000179 and by the Basque Government, grant number FUNGITRAP 19-00031. Red pine cone collection in New England and pathogen isolation was funded by USDA Forest Service. ; Aragonés, A.; Manzanos, T.; Stanosz, G.; Munck, IA.; Raposo, R.; Elvira-Recuenco, M.; Berbegal Martinez, M. (2021). Comparison of Diplodia Tip Blight Pathogens in Spanish and North American Pine Ecosystems. Microorganisms. 9(12):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122565 ; S ; 1 ; 17 ; 9 ; 12

Reducing feeding costs in suckler beef herds to improve economic returns could have detrimental impacts on fertility. This study sought to determine whether maternal nutrient restriction during early pregnancy affects interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the peri-implantation period in two beef cattle breeds. Relationships were also examined between subnutrition and pregnancy failure defined according to ISG fold changes on Days 18 and 21 and to plasma pregnancy specific protein B (PSPB) concentrations on Day 28 post-artificial insemination (AI). Pirenaica or Parda de Montaña dams were assigned to a control (n = 23) or subnutrition (n = 30) group, receiving 100% or 65% of their estimated nutritional requirements from Day 1 to 82 post-AI, respectively. Treatment did not affect ISG expression or fertility. According to ISG fold changes (chi-square P = .023) or PSPB levels (chi-square P = .04) recorded in the subnutrition group, late embryo loss was more likely than in controls. Positive correlation was detected between Day 28 PSPB concentrations and both Day 18 MX1, MX2 and ISG15 expression, and Day 21 OAS1 expression. OAS1 and MX1 fold changes were found to be the best variables to discriminate pregnancy status. Our findings indicate that maternal nutrient restriction during the first third of pregnancy does not impair embryo signalling yet may increase the risk of pregnancy failure. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Business and the European Union Regional Development Funds (INIA RTA 2013-00059-C02-01/02, Grant Research Group Funds of the Government of Aragon (A14_17R) and INIA RZP 2015-001). A. Noya received a PhD grant from INIA-Government of Aragon.

Among the diverse techniques for monitoring soil moisture, capacitance-type soil moisture sensors are popular because of their low cost, low maintenance requirements, and acceptable performance. However, although in laboratory conditions the accuracy of these sensors is good, when installed in the field they tend to show large sensor-to-sensor differences, especially under drip irrigation. It makes difficult to decide in which positions the sensors are installed and the interpretation of the recorded data. The aim of this paper is to study the variability involved in the measurement of soil moisture by capacitance sensors in a drip-irrigated orchard and, using this information, find ways to optimize their usage to manage irrigation. For this purpose, the study examines the uncertainties in the measurement process plus the natural variability in the actual soil water dynamics. Measurements were collected by 57 sensors, located at 10 combinations of depth and position relative to the dripper. Our results showed large sensor-to-sensor differences, even when installed at equivalent depth and coordinates relative to the drippers. In contrast, differences among virtual sensors simulated using a HYDRUS-3D model at those soil locations were one order of magnitude smaller. Our results highlight, as a possible cause for the sensor-to-sensor differences in the measurements by capacitance sensors, the natural variability in size, shape, and centering of the wet area below the drippers, combined with the sharply defined variation in water content at the soil scale perceived by the sensors ; This research was supported by the National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA) [RTA 2013-00045-C04-01 and RTI 2018-099949-R-C21] of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish government, and by the European Social Fund

Identification of a suitable cell source and bioactive agents guiding cell differentiationtowards tenogenic phenotype represents a prerequisite for advancement of cellâ based therapies for tendon repair. Human adiposeâ derived stem cells (hASCs) are apromising, yet intrinsically heterogenous population with diversified differentiationcapacities. In this work, we investigated antigenicallyâ defined subsets of hASCsexpressing markers related to tendon phenotype or associated with pluripotency thatmight be more prone to tenogenic differentiation, when compared to unsortedhASCs. Subpopulations positive for tenomodulin (TNMD+ hASCs) and stage specificearly antigen 4 (SSEAâ 4+ hASCs), as well as unsorted ASCs were cultured up to 21days in basic medium or media supplemented with TGFâ β3 (10 ng/ml), or GDFâ 5(50 ng/ml). Cell response was evaluated by analysis of expression of tendonâ relatedmarkers at gene level and protein level by real time RTâ PCR, western blot, and immu-nocytochemistry. A significant upregulation of scleraxis was observed for both sub-populations and unsorted hASCs in the presence of TGFâ β3. More prominentalterations in gene expression profile in response to TGFâ β3 were observed forTNMD+ hASCs. Subpopulations evidenced an increased collagen III and TNC deposi-tion in basal medium conditions in comparison with unsorted hASCs. In the particularcase of TNMD+ hASCs, GDFâ 5 seems to influence more the deposition of TNC.Within hASCs populations, discrete subsets could be distinguished offering variedsensitivity to specific biochemical stimulation leading to differential expression oftenogenic components suggesting that cell subsets may have distinctive roles in thecomplex biological responses leading to tenogenic commitment to be further exploredin cell based strategies for tendon tissues. ; The authors acknowledge the financial support from the European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020, under the Tendon Therapy Train Marie Skłodowska‐Curie Innovative Training ...

Aquae lasae na mjestu današnjih Varaždinskih Toplica bile su. uz Aquae (Baden kod Beča), najveće antičke lječilišnc kupke u Gornjoj Panoniji (Pannonia Superior). U vezi s kupalištem razvilo se ondje razmjerno važno lječilišno, prometno, trgovačko i kultno središte, sastavljeno od termi s bazilikom, (onima s nimfejom i kapitolijskim hramom, te stambenog i obrtničko-trgovačkog sklopa, u trajanju od l. do 4. st.U mnogobrojnim izvješćima o iskopavanjima i osvrtima na različite vidove života u Jaškim Toplicama pomalo je rta rubu zanimanja ostao ranokršćanski sloj naselja. To je svojevrstan propust, s obzirom da markantni ostaci arhitekture svrstavaju Aquae Iasae među važnija ranokršćanska središta u hrvatskome dijelu Panonije, gdje je ranokršćanski sloj općenito slabo istražen, a arhitektura gotovo potpuno nepoznata. Ovaj je rad stoga posvećen temi preduvjeta širenju kršćanstva, te prodora i odvijanja kršćanskih sadržaja u Aquae Iasae, pri čemu se predlaže promjena pojedinih uvriježenih mišljenja o tim pitanjima.Smatra se da prvi tragovi kršćanstva u Aquae Iasae potječu iz druge polovice 4. st. Tada je kupališna bazilika preuređena dodavanjem oslikanog narteksa na južnoj strani, a u isto je vrijeme, pretpostavlja se, i glavna prostorija dobila sloj kršćanskih fresaka, od kojih je sačuvan prizor glave svetačkog lika. Međutim, na temelju općepovijesnih te materijalnih i duhovnih naznaka, u ovome se radu nastoji dokazali da se kršćanstvo u Jaškim Toplicama proširilo već u vrijeme cara Konstantina. Vjerojatno je stoga da je termalna bazilika već na početku 4. st. preuređena za potrebe kršćanskog obreda, da bi joj u drugoj polovici 4. st. bio prizidan narteks. Ukoliko je ta pretpostavka točna, ranokršćanska crkva u Varaždinskim Toplicama najraniji je primjerak dvoranske građevine s unutrašnjom apsidom na hrvatskim prostorima.

Nedavni nalazi tragova predrimskog svetišta na rtu Ploča (Planka) južno od Rogoznice potvrđuju pretpostavku da je ova istaknuta točka na plovnom putu duž istočne sirane Jadrana bila kultno mjesto Šireg značenja. Nalazi na rtu, za sada, upućuju poglavito na posjećivanje u 3. i 2. st. prije Krista. Rt Ploča se nalazi u neposrednoj blizini luka koje pružaju utočište brodovima zatečenim na ovoj najizloženijoj i stoga najopasnijoj dionici isločnojadranske rute. Premda valja očekivati da će tek obuhvatniji arheološki zahvat pružili određenije podatke, već se sada javlja potreba za usporednim preispitivanjem vijesti u Plinijevu djelu, jedinom antičkom izvoru koji spominje ime rta (Nat, hist. 3,141: promunturium Diomedis vet, tu alii, paeninsula Hyllis circuitu C.).Autor nastoji pokazali da Plinijeva vijest pripada Varonovu opisu istočnog Jadrana. Posebno je važna napomena vel ut alii paeninsula Hyllis, jer se jasno razabire da pored Plinijeva izvora postoje i drugi: u njima se prepoznaje helenistička geografska predaja (usp. Timejevo i Eratostenovo pisanje o Hilejskom poluotoku: Pseudo Skimno, Perieg, 405-412). To bi moglo poslužili kao argument za tvrdnju da Plinijev izvor (Varon) zapravo opisuje stanje ne samo autonomno nego i na temelju podrobnijeg (osobnog?) uvida, svakako u prvoj polovici 1. sl. prije Krista.Autor također analizira i druge navode istog Plinijevog poglavlja (osobito Tariona/Tariotae, te Tragurium).Autor napokon podsjeća na novije spoznaje o raširenosti Diomedova kulta na Jadranu te o povezanosti loga kulta s važnim točkama na glavnim plovidbenim rutama. Ovdje se osobito upozorava na prirodu Diomedova kulta u kojem se prozirniju nepoznati domaći kultovi i grčki mit, a analogija s Timavom služi da se uobliči hipoteza o rtu Ploči kao svetištu koje je jamčilo sigurnost u svim obližnjim lukama (Stari Trogir, Rogoznica i dr.).

Представлена статистика дорожно-транспортных происшествий в мире. Проанализированы наиболее вероятносные причины и последствия аварий на дорогах. Предложены устройства, позволяющие минимизировать потери при столкновениях транспортних средств. В работе изучена и проанализирована статистика дорожно-транспортных происшествий и выявлены основные факторы, при которых происходят аварии с летальным исходом или травматизмом. ; The statistics of road accidents in the world is presented. The most probable causes and consequences of accidents on roads were analyzed. Devices, allowing to minimize losses in vehicle collisions were proposed.To solve the problemof safe movementof vehicles on roadsisthetopicalissue.Forthis,itis necessarytostudyandanalyze the statistics of road accidents and to identify the key factors, which cause fatal accidents or injuries.To develop the complexof measures and modern devices, allowing to avoid collisions and minimize losses in accidents is pressing problem. Road accidents are the most dangerous threat to human health around the world. Damage from road traffic accidents (RTA) exceeds the damage from all other transport accidents (aircrafts, ships, trains, etc.) together. Road accidents are one of the major global threats to human health and life. The problem is aggravatedbythefactthat victimsof accidentsareasarule young and healthy (before the accident) people. According to the WHO, in the world 1,2 million people die and about 50 million are injured in road accidents each year. More than 27,000 die on Russian roads, and more than 40,000 on USA roads. In terms of the number of vehicles, these figures mean 70 dead in road accidents in Russia or 15 dead in the USA in a year for each 100 000 vehicles. According to statistical estimates, more than3million people died in accidents on U.S. roads since the beginning of the XX century that exceeds all USA losses (650,000) in all military conflicts (since 1774).