In: Rondom Eems en Dollard/ Rund um Ems und Dollart : historische verkenningen in het grensgebied van Noordoost-Nederland en Noordwest-Duitsland/ historische Erkundungen im Grenzgebiet der Nordostniederlande und Nordwestdeutschlands, S. 11-41 (Anm.)
"Der Aufsatz bildet die Einführung eines Sammelbandes zur Geschichte und Volkskunde im Grenzgebiet der Nordostniederlande und Nordwestdeutschlands. Der Anlass war das 15jährige Bestehen der Ems Dollart Region, ein grenzübergreifender Zweckverband mit Mitgliedern aus den niederländischen Provinzen Groningen und Drenthe sowie auf deutscher Seite aus Ostfriesland, dem Emsland und dem Cloppenburger Raum. Anhand der Literatur wird eine Übersicht zur den historischen Räumen und Raumbeziehungen gegeben. Dabei wird die holländische Forschungstradition (Slicher van Bath, Jappe Alberts) der deutsche Kulturraumforschung (Hermann Aubin) gegenübergestellt. Die Region hat niemals eine geschichtliche Einheit gebildet, doch haben unterschiedlich ausgerichtete kulturelle Strömungen ihre gemeinsame Spuren hinterlassen. Friesische, westfälische, hanseatische und niederländische Einflüsse sind einander im Laufe der Jahrhunderte nachgefolgt. Ihre Einwirkung war unterschiedlich, nachdem es die wohlhabende Küstenmarschen oder die ärmeren Geestbezirke betraf. Seit dem 19. Jahrhundert sind die Unterschiede zwischen Küste und Binnenland weitgehend verschwunden, währenddessen die Staatsgrenze sich zu einem wichtigen Kulturschrank entwickelt hat.
Importance: Both low and high gestational weight gain have been associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes, but optimal gestational weight gain remains uncertain and not well defined for all prepregnancy weight ranges. Objectives: To examine the association of ranges of gestational weight gain with risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes and estimate optimal gestational weight gain ranges across prepregnancy body mass index categories. Design, setting, and participants: Individual participant-level meta-analysis using data from 196 670 participants within 25 cohort studies from Europe and North America (main study sample). Optimal gestational weight gain ranges were estimated for each prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) category by selecting the range of gestational weight gain that was associated with lower risk for any adverse outcome. Individual participant-level data from 3505 participants within 4 separate hospital-based cohorts were used as a validation sample. Data were collected between 1989 and 2015. The final date of follow-up was December 2015. Exposures: Gestational weight gain. Main outcomes and measures: The main outcome termed any adverse outcome was defined as the presence of 1 or more of the following outcomes: preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery, preterm birth, and small or large size for gestational age at birth. Results: Of the 196 670 women (median age, 30.0 years [quartile 1 and 3, 27.0 and 33.0 years] and 40 937 were white) included in the main sample, 7809 (4.0%) were categorized at baseline as underweight (BMI <18.5); 133 788 (68.0%), normal weight (BMI, 18.5-24.9); 38 828 (19.7%), overweight (BMI, 25.0-29.9); 11 992 (6.1%), obesity grade 1 (BMI, 30.0-34.9); 3284 (1.7%), obesity grade 2 (BMI, 35.0-39.9); and 969 (0.5%), obesity grade 3 (BMI, ≥40.0). Overall, any adverse outcome occurred in 37.2% (n = 73 161) of women, ranging from 34.7% (2706 of 7809) among women categorized as underweight to 61.1% (592 of 969) among women categorized as obesity grade 3. Optimal gestational weight gain ranges were 14.0 kg to less than 16.0 kg for women categorized as underweight; 10.0 kg to less than 18.0 kg for normal weight; 2.0 kg to less than 16.0 kg for overweight; 2.0 kg to less than 6.0 kg for obesity grade 1; weight loss or gain of 0 kg to less than 4.0 kg for obesity grade 2; and weight gain of 0 kg to less than 6.0 kg for obesity grade 3. These gestational weight gain ranges were associated with low to moderate discrimination between those with and those without adverse outcomes (range for area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.55-0.76). Results for discriminative performance in the validation sample were similar to the corresponding results in the main study sample (range for area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.51-0.79). Conclusions and relevance: In this meta-analysis of pooled individual participant data from 25 cohort studies, the risk for adverse maternal and infant outcomes varied by gestational weight gain and across the range of prepregnancy weights. The estimates of optimal gestational weight gain may inform prenatal counseling; however, the optimal gestational weight gain ranges had limited predictive value for the outcomes assessed. ; Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC): Funded by grant 102215/2/13/2 from the UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome, core support from the University of Bristol, grant R01 DK10324 from the US National Institutes of Health, grant agreement 669545 from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), award MC_UU_12013/5 from the UK Medical Research Council, and Dr Lawlor is a National Institute for Health Research senior investigator (NF-SI-0611-10196). Cohort of Newborns in Emilia Romagna (CoNER): No funding reported. Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC): The Danish Epidemiology Science Centre initiated and created the DNBC and this center was established by the Danish National Research Foundation via a major grant. Additional support was obtained from the Pharmacy Foundation, the Egmont Foundation, the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, the Augustinus Foundation, and the Health Foundation. The 7-year follow-up study was supported by award 195/04 from the Lundbeck Foundation and award SSVF 0646 from the Danish Medical Research Council. Étude des Déterminants pré et postnatals du développement et de la santé de l'ENfant (EDEN): Supported by the French foundation for medical research, the French national agency for research, the French national institute for research in public health (IRESP: TGIR cohorte santé 2008 program), the French ministry of health, the French ministry of research, the INSERM bone and joint diseases national research and human nutrition national research programs, Paris-Sud University, Nestlé, the French national institute for population health surveillance, the French national institute for health education, the European Union FP7 programs (2007-2013; HELIX, ESCAPE, ENRIECO, and Medall projects), the French diabetes national research program through a collaboration with the French association of diabetic patients, the French agency for environmental health safety (now ANSES), the Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (a complementary health insurance), the French national agency for food security, and the French-speaking association for the study of diabetes and metabolism. Family and Children of Ukraine (FCOU): Supported by the Fogarty International Center at the US National Institutes of Health, the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. Genetica e Ambiente: Studio Prospettico dell'Infanzia in Italia (GASPII): Supported by the Italian ministry of health. Groningen Expert Center for Kids with Obesity (GECKO Drenthe): Supported by an unrestricted grant from Hutchison Whampoa Ltd and funding from the University of Groningen, Well Baby Clinic Foundation Icare, Noordlease, the Paediatric Association of the Netherlands, and Youth Health Care Drenthe. Genetics of Glucose regulation in Gestation and Growth (Gen3G): Supported by operating grant 20697 from the Fonds de recherche du Québec en santé, operating grant MOP 115071 from the Canadian Institute of Health Reseach, a grant from Diabète Québec, and operating grant OG-3-08-2622-JA from the Canadian Diabetes Association. Generation R: The general design of the study received financial support from Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research and the Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sport, and the Ministry of Youth and Families. The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant 733206 (LifeCycle Project). Dr Jaddoe received grant ERC-2014-CoG-648916 from the European Research Council. Dr Gaillard received grant 2017T013 from the Dutch Heart Foundation, grant 2017.81.002 from the Dutch Diabetes Foundation, and grant 543003109 from the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development. Generation XXI: Funded by Programa Operacional de Saúde–Saúde XXI, Quadro Comunitário de Apoio III and Administração Regional de Saúde Norte (Regional Department of Ministry of Health), by POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016837 through the Operational Programme Competitiveness and Internationalization and national funding from the Foundation for Science and Technology (Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology, and Higher Education) under the project PathMOB, by FCT PTDC/DTP-EPI/3306/2014 (Risco cardiometabólico na infância: desde o início da vida ao fim da infância), by POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006862 and UID/DTP/04750/2013 (Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto), and FCT investigator contract IF/01060/2015 awarded to Dr A. C. Santos. Growth, Exercise and Nutrition Epidemiological Study In preSchoolers (GENESIS): Supported by a research grant from Friesland Hellas. German Infant Nutritional Intervention plus environmental and genetic influences (GINIplus): Supported for the first 3 years by the Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research, and Technology (intervention group) and Helmholtz Zentrum Munich (observation group). The 4-, 6-, 10-, and 15-year follow-up examinations were covered from the respective budgets of the 5 study centers (Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Research Institute at Marien-Hospital Wesel, LMU Munich, TU Munich, IUF-Leibniz Research-Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of Düsseldorf) and by funding from the European Commission 7th Framework Programme (MeDALL project), Mead Johnson, and Nestlé and grant FKZ 20462296 from the Federal Ministry for Environment (awarded to IUF Düsseldorf). Norwegian Human Milk Study (HUMIS): Funded by award FP7/2007-2013 from the European Commission 7th Framework Programme, grant 289346 from European Union EarlyNutrition project, and by funds for project 213148 from the Norwegian Research Council's MILPAAHEL programme. INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA)-Sabadell: Funded by grant Red INMA G03/176 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III in Spain and grant 1999SGR 00241 from the Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT. INMA-Valencia: Funded by grants FP7-ENV-2011 cod 282957 and HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1 from the European Commission, grants G03/176, FIS-FEDER PI09/02647, PI11/01007, PI11/02591, PI11/02038, PI13/1944, PI13/2032, PI14/00891, PI14/01687, PI16/1288, Miguel Servet FEDER CP11/00178, CP15/00025, and CPII16/00051 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III in Spain, and grants UGP 15-230, UGP-15-244, and UGP-15-249 from the Generalitat Valenciana, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region. INMA-Gipuzkoa: Funded by grants FISFIS PI06/0867, FIS-PS09/0009 0867, and Red INMA G03/176 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III in Spain, grants 2005111093 and 2009111069 from the Departamento de Salud del Gobierno Vasco, and grants DFG06/004 and FG08/001 from the Provincial Government of Guipúzcoa. INMA-Menorca: This study was funded by grant Red INMA G03/176 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III in Spain. Child, parents and health: lifestyle and genetic constitution (KOALA): Data collection from pregnancy up to the age of 1 year was supported by grants from Royal Friesland Foods, the Triodos Foundation, the Phoenix Foundation, the Raphaël Foundation, the Iona Foundation, the Foundation for the Advancement of Heilpedagogie, the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (2100.0090), the Netherlands Asthma Foundation (3.2.03.48 and 3.2.07.022), and the Netherlands Heart Foundation (2008B112). Krakow Cohort: Funded by grants R01ES010165 and R01ES015282 from the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and by funding from the Lundin Foundation, the John and Wendy Neu Family Foundation, the Gladys and Roland Harriman Foundation, and the Anonymous Foundation. Influences of Lifestyle-Related Factors on the Immune System and the Development of Allergies in Childhood plus the influence of traffic emissions and genetics (LISAplus): Mainly supported by grants for the first 2 years from the Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research, and Technology, the Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, the Research Institute at Marien-Hospital Wesel, and a pediatric practice in Bad Honnef. The 4-, 6-, 10-, and 15-year follow-up examinations were funded by the respective budgets of the involved partners (the Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, the Research Institute at Marien-Hospital Wesel, a pediatric practice in Bad Honnef, and the IUF–Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of Düsseldorf), by grant FKZ 20462296 from the Federal Ministry for Environment (awarded to IUF Düsseldorf), and by support from the European Commission 7th Framework Programme (MeDALL project). LUKAS Cohort: Funded by EVO/VTR grants, grants 139021 and 287675 from the Academy of Finland, grant QLK4-CT-2001-00250 from the European Union, and funding from the Juho Vainio Foundation, the Foundation for Pediatric Research, the Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation, the Finnish Cultural Foundation, and the National Institute for Health and Welfare in Finland. Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa): Supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research, contract N01-ES-75558 with the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and grants UO1 NS 047537-01 and UO1 NS 047537-06A1 from the US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Nascita e INFanzia: gli Effetti dell'Ambiente (NINFEA): Partially funded by the Compagnia San Paolo Foundation and by the Piedmont Region. Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA): Supported by the Organization for Health Research and Development, the Organization for Scientific Research, the Asthma Fund, the Ministry of Spatial Planning, Housing, and the Environment, and the Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sport (all organizations in the Netherlands). Piccolipiù Project: Financially supported by CCM grants during 2010 and 2014 from the Italian National Center for Disease Prevention and Control and funding (art 12 and 12 bis D.lgs 502/92) from the Italian Ministry of Health. PRegnancy and Infant DEvelopment (PRIDE Study): Supported by grants from the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, the Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, and the Lung Foundation Netherlands. Project Viva: Funded by grants R01 HD034568 and UG3OD023286 from the US National Institutes of Health. Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study (REPRO_PL): Funded by grants DEC-2014/15/B/NZ7/00998 and FP7 HEALS 603946 from the National Science Centre in Poland and grant 3068/7.PR/2014/2 from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. Exposure of Preschool-Age Greek Children (RHEA): Financially supported by European Commission projects FP6-2003-Food-3-NewGeneris, FP6-STREP Hiwate, FP7-ENV.2007.1.2.2.2, FP7-2008-ENV-1.2.1.4 Envirogenomarkers, FP7-HEALTH-2009-single stage CHICOS, FP7-ENV.2008.1.2.1.6, FP7-HEALTH-2012, and 211250-Escape and proposals 226285 ENRIECO and 308333 HELIX and by the Greek Ministry of Health. Slovak PCB Study: Support was provided by grants R01 CA096525, R03 TW007152, P30 ES001247, P30 ES023513, and K12 ES019852 from the US National Institutes of Health. STEPS: This study was supported by the University of Turku, Abo Akademi University, the Turku University Hospital, the City of Turku, the Juho Vainio Foundation, and the Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation and by grants 121569 and 123571 from the Academy of Finland. Southampton Women's Survey (SWS): Supported by funding from the Medical Research Council, the National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, the University of Southampton, Dunhill Medical Trust, and the University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, FP7/2007-2013 from the European Commission 7th Framework Programme, and grant 289346 from the European Union EarlyNutrition project.
ENIGMA-CNV working group. ; Low-frequency 1q21.1 distal deletion and duplication copy number variant (CNV) carriers are predisposed to multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disability. Human carriers display a high prevalence of micro- and macrocephaly in deletion and duplication carriers, respectively. The underlying brain structural diversity remains largely unknown. We systematically called CNVs in 38 cohorts from the large-scale ENIGMA-CNV collaboration and the UK Biobank and identified 28 1q21.1 distal deletion and 22 duplication carriers and 37,088 non-carriers (48% male) derived from 15 distinct magnetic resonance imaging scanner sites. With standardized methods, we compared subcortical and cortical brain measures (all) and cognitive performance (UK Biobank only) between carrier groups also testing for mediation of brain structure on cognition. We identified positive dosage effects of copy number on intracranial volume (ICV) and total cortical surface area, with the largest effects in frontal and cingulate cortices, and negative dosage effects on caudate and hippocampal volumes. The carriers displayed distinct cognitive deficit profiles in cognitive tasks from the UK Biobank with intermediate decreases in duplication carriers and somewhat larger in deletion carriers—the latter potentially mediated by ICV or cortical surface area. These results shed light on pathobiological mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders, by demonstrating gene dose effect on specific brain structures and effect on cognitive function. ; 1000BRAINS: The 1000BRAINS study was funded by the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Juelich, Germany. We thank the Heinz Nixdorf Foundation (Germany) for the generous support of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study on which 1000BRAINS is based. We also thank the scientists and the study staff of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study and 1000BRAINS. Funding was also granted by the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association (Caspers) and the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement 945539 (Human Brain Project SGA3; Amunts, Caspers, Cichon). Brainscale: The Brainscale study was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research MagW 480-04-004 (Dorret I. Boomsma), 51.02.060 (Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol), 668.772 (Dorret I. Boomsma and Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol); NWO/SPI 56-464-14192 (Dorret I. Boomsma), the European Research Council (ERC-230374) (Dorret I. Boomsma), High Potential Grant Utrecht University (Hilleke E.Hulshoff Pol) and NWO Brain and Cognition 433-09-220 (Hilleke E.Hulshoff Pol). Betula: The Betula study was funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg (KAW) foundation (Nyberg). The Freesurfer segmentations on the Betula sample were performed on resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at HPC2N (in Umeå, Sweden), partially funded by the Swedish Research Council through grant agreement no. 2018-05973. Brain Imaging Genetics (BIG): This work makes use of the BIG database, first established in Nijmegen, The Netherlands, in 2007. This resource is now part of Cognomics (www.cognomics.nl), a joint initiative by researchers from the Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, the Human Genetics and Cognitive Neuroscience departments of the Radboud University Medical Centre and the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen. The Cognomics Initiative has received support from the participating departments and centres and from external grants, that is, the Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (Netherlands) (BBMRI-NL), the Hersenstichting Nederland and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). The research leading to these results also receives funding from the NWO Gravitation grant 'Language in Interaction', the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement nos. 602450 (IMAGEMEND), 278948 (TACTICS) and 602805 (Aggressotype), as well as from the European Community's Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement no. 643051 (MiND) and from ERC-2010-AdG 268800-NEUROSCHEMA. In addition, the work was supported by a grant for the ENIGMA Consortium (grant number U54 EB020403) from the BD2K Initiative of a cross-NIH partnership. deCODE genetics: deCODE genetics acknowledges support from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement nos. 115008 (NEWMEDS) and 115300 (EUAIMS), of which resources are composed of EFPIA in-kind contribution and financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (EU-FP7/2007-2013), EU-FP7-funded grant agreement no. 602450 (IMAGEMEND) and EU-funded FP7-People-2011-IAPP grant agreement no. 286213 (PsychDPC). Dublin: This work was supported by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI grant 12/IP/1359 to Gary Donohoe and grant SFI08/IN.1/B1916-Corvin to Aidan C. Corvin). ECHO-DEFINE: The ECHO study acknowledges funding from a Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre Grant to Michael J. Owen (G0801418), the Wellcome Trust (Institutional Strategic Support Fund (ISSF) to van den Bree and Clinical Research Training Fellowship to Joanne L. Doherty), the Waterloo Foundation (WF 918-1234 to van den Bree), the Baily Thomas Charitable Fund (2315/1 to van den Bree), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH 5UO1MH101724 to van den Bree and Michael J. Owen), the IMAGINE-2 study (funded by the MRC (MR/T033045/1) to van den Bree, Jeremy Hall and Michael J. Owen), the IMAGINE-ID study (funded by MRC (MR/N022572/1) to Jeremy Hall, van den Bree and Owen). The DEFINE study was supported by a Wellcome Trust Strategic Award (100202/Z/12/Z) to Michael J. Owen. ENIGMA: ENIGMA is supported in part by NIH grants U54 EB20403, R01MH116147 and R56AG058854. NIA T32AG058507; NIH/NIMH 5T32MH073526. EPIGEN-Dublin: The EPIGEN-Dublin cohort was supported by a Science Foundation Ireland Research Frontiers Programme award (08/RFP/GEN1538). EPIGEN-UK (Sisodiya): The work was partly undertaken at UCLH/UCL, which received a proportion of funding from the UK Department of Health's NIHR Biomedical Research Centres funding scheme. We are grateful to the Wolfson Trust and the Epilepsy Society for supporting the Epilepsy Society MRI scanner. GAP: This work was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. GOBS: The GOBS study data collection was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants: R01 MH078143, R01 MH078111 and R01 MH083824, with work conducted in part in facilities constructed under the support of NIH grant C06 RR020547. GSP: Data were in part provided by the Brain Genomics Superstruct Project (GSP) of Harvard University and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) (Principal Investigators: Randy Buckner, Jordan Smoller and Joshua Roffman), with support from the Center for Brain Science Neuroinformatics Research Group, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Center for Genomic Medicine and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research. Twenty individual investigators at Harvard and MGH generously contributed data to the overall project. We would like to thank Randy Buckner for insightful comments and feedback on this work. HUBIN: The HUBIN study was financed by the Swedish Research Council (K2010-62X-15078-07-2, K2012-61X-15078-09-3, 521-2014-3487 K2015-62X-15077-12-3, 2017-00949), the regional agreement on medical training and clinical research between Stockholm County Council and the Karolinska Institutet. HUNT: The HUNT study is a collaboration between HUNT Research Centre (Faculty of Medicine and Movement Sciences, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Nord-Trøndelag County Council, Central Norway Health Authority and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. HUNT-MRI was funded by the Liaison Committee between the Central Norway Regional Health Authority and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, and the Norwegian National Advisory Unit for functional MRI. IMAGEN: This work received support from the following sources: the European Union-funded FP6 Integrated Project IMAGEN (reinforcement-related behaviour in normal brain function and psychopathology) (LSHM-CT- 2007-037286), the Horizon 2020 funded ERC Advanced Grant 'STRATIFY' (Brain network based stratification of reinforcement-related disorders) (695313), ERANID (Understanding the Interplay between Cultural, Biological and Subjective Factors in Drug Use Pathways) (PR-ST-0416-10004), BRIDGET (JPND: BRain Imaging, cognition Dementia and next generation GEnomics) (MR/N027558/1), Human Brain Project (HBP SGA 2, 785907),the FP7 projects IMAGEMEND(602450; IMAging GEnetics for MENtal Disorders) and MATRICS (603016), the Innovative Medicine Initiative Project EUAIMS (115300-2), the Medical Research Council Grant 'c-VEDA' (Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions) (MR/N000390/1), the Swedish Research Council FORMAS, the Medical Research Council, the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, the Bundesministeriumfür Bildung und Forschung (BMBF grants 01GS08152, 01EV0711; eMED SysAlc01ZX1311A; Forschungsnetz AERIAL 01EE1406A, 01EE1406B), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG grants, SM 80/7-2, SFB 940/2), the Medical Research Foundation and Medical Research Council (grants MR/R00465X/1 and MR/S020306/1). Further support was provided by grants from: ANR (project AF12-NEUR0008-01—WM2NA, ANR-12-SAMA-0004), the Eranet Neuron (ANR-18-NEUR00002-01), the Fondation de France (00081242), the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (DPA20140629802), the Mission Interministérielle de Lutte-contre-les-Drogues-et-les-Conduites-Addictives (MILDECA), the Assistance-Publique-Hôpitaux-de-Paris and INSERM (interface grant), Paris Sud University IDEX 2012, the Fondation de l'Avenir (grant AP-RM-17-013), the Fédération pour la Recherche sur le Cerveau; the National Institutes of Health, Science Foundation Ireland (16/ERCD/3797), USA (Axon, Testosterone and Mental Health during Adolescence; RO1 MH085772-01A1) and by NIH Consortium grant U54 EB020403, supported by a cross-NIH alliance that funds Big Data to Knowledge Centres of Excellence. Lifespan: The study is funded by the Research Council of Norway (230345, 288083 and 223273). NCNG: NCNG sample collection was supported by grants from the Bergen Research Foundation and the University of Bergen, the Dr Einar Martens Fund, the Research Council of Norway, to le Hellard, Steen and Espeseth. The Bergen group was supported by grants from the Western Norway Regional Health Authority (Grant 911593 to Arvid Lundervold, Grant 911397 and 911687 to Astri Johansen Lundervold). NTR: The NTR cohort was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMW) grants 904-61-090, 985-10-002, 912-10-020, 904-61-193, 480-04-004,463-06-001, 451-04-034, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, 016-115-035, 481-08-011, 056-32-010, Middelgroot-911-09-032, OCW_NWO Gravity programme—024.001.003, NWO-Groot 480-15-001/674, Center for Medical Systems Biology (CSMB, NWO Genomics), NBIC/BioAssist/RK(2008.024), Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRI-NL, 184.021.007 and 184.033.111); Spinozapremie (NWO-56-464-14192), KNAW Academy Professor Award (PAH/6635) and University Research Fellow grant (URF) to Dorret I. Boomsma; Amsterdam Public Health research institute (former EMGO+), Neuroscience Amsterdam research institute (former NCA); the European Science Foundation (ESF, EU/QLRT-2001-01254), the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7- HEALTH-F4-2007-2013, grant 01413: ENGAGE and grant 602768: ACTION); the European Research Council (ERC Starting 284167, ERC Consolidator 771057, ERC Advanced 230374), Rutgers University Cell and DNA Repository (NIMH U24 MH068457-06), the National Institutes of Health (NIH, R01D0042157-01A1, R01MH58799-03, MH081802, DA018673, R01 DK092127-04, Grand Opportunity grants 1RC2 MH089951 and 1RC2 MH089995); the Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (USA). Part of the genotyping and analyses were funded by the Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN) of the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health. Computing was supported by NWO through grant 2018/EW/00408559, BiG Grid, the Dutch e-Science Grid and SURFSARA. OATS: The OATS study has been funded by a National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and Australian Research Council (ARC) Strategic Award Grant of the Ageing Well, Ageing Productively Programme (ID No. 401162) and NHMRC Project Grants (ID Nos. 1045325 and 1085606). This research was facilitated through Twins Research Australia, a national resource in part supported by an NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence Grant (ID No.: 1079102). We thank the participants for their time and generosity in contributing to this research. We acknowledge the contribution of the OATS research team (https://cheba.unsw.edu.au/project/older-australian-twins-study) to this study. OATS genotyping was partly funded by a Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Flagship Collaboration Fund Grant. Osaka: Osaka study was supported by the Brain Mapping by Integrated Neurotechnologies for Disease Studies (Brain/MINDS: Grant Number JP18dm0207006), Brain/MINDS& beyond studies (Grant Number JP20dm0307002) and Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants for Comprehensive Research on Persons with Disabilities (Grant Number JP20dk0307081) from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI; Grant Numbers JP25293250 and JP16H05375). Some computations were performed at the Research Center for Computational Science, Okazaki, Japan. PAFIP: The PAFIP study was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, FIS 00/3095, 01/3129, PI020499, PI060507, PI10/00183, the SENY Fundació Research Grant CI2005-0308007 and the FundaciónMarqués de Valdecilla API07/011. Biological samples from our cohort were stored at the Valdecilla Biobank and genotyping services were conducted at the Spanish 'Centro Nacional de Genotipado' (CEGEN-ISCIII). MCIC/COBRE: The study is funded by the National Institutes of Health studies R01EB006841, P20GM103472 and P30GM122734 and Department of Energy DE-FG02-99ER62764. PING: Data collection and sharing for the Paediatric Imaging, Neurocognition and Genetics (PING) Study (National Institutes of Health Grant RC2DA029475) were funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development. A full list of PING investigators is at http://pingstudy.ucsd.edu/investigators.html. QTIM: The QTIM study was supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01 HD050735) and the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC 486682, 1009064), Australia. Genotyping was supported by NHMRC (389875). Medland is supported in part by an NHMRC fellowship (APP1103623). SHIP: SHIP is part of the Community Medicine Research net of the University of Greifswald, Germany, which is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant nos. 01ZZ9603, 01ZZ0103 and 01ZZ0403), the Ministry of Cultural Affairs and the Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania. Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism typing in SHIP and MRI scans in SHIP and SHIP-TREND have been supported by a joint grant from Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany and the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania. StrokeMRI: StrokeMRI was supported by the Norwegian ExtraFoundation for Health and Rehabilitation(2015/FO5146), the Research Council of Norway (249795, 262372), the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (2014097, 2015044, 2015073) and the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo. Sydney MAS: The Sydney Memory and Aging Study (Sydney MAS) is funded by National and HealthMedical Research Council (NHMRC) Programme and Project Grants (ID350833, ID568969 and ID109308). We also thank the Sydney MAS participants and the Research Team. SYS: The SYS Study is supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research. TOP: Centre of Excellence: RCN #23273 and RCN #226971. Part of this work was performed on the TSD (Tjeneste for Sensitive Data) facilities, owned by the University of Oslo, operated and developed by the TSD service group at the University of Oslo, IT-Department (USIT) (tsd-drift@usit.uio.no). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-COFUND) under grant agreement no. 609020—Scientia Fellows; the Research Council of Norway (RCN) #276082—A lifespan perspective on mental illness: toward precision medicine using multimodal brain imaging and genetics. Ida E. Sønderby and Rune Bøen are supported by South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (#2020060). Ida E. Sønderby and Ole A. Andreassen have received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant agreement no. 847776 (CoMorMent project) and the KG Jebsen Foundation (SKGJ-MED-021). UCLA_UMCU: The UCLA_UMCU cohort comprises of six studies which were supported by National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders (NARSAD) (20244 to Prof. Hillegers), The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) (908-02-123 to Prof. Hulshoff Pol), and Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO 9120818 and NWO-VIDI 917-46-370 to Prof. Hulshoff Pol). The GROUP study was funded through the Geestkracht programme of the Dutch Health Research Council (ZonMw, grant number 10-000-1001), and matching funds from participating pharmaceutical companies (Lundbeck, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Janssen Cilag) and universities and mental health care organizations (Amsterdam: Academic Psychiatric Centre of the Academic Medical Center and the mental health institutions: GGZ inGeest, Arkin, Dijk en Duin, GGZ Rivierduinen, Erasmus Medical Centre, GGZ Noord-Holland-Noord. Groningen: University Medical Center Groningen and the mental health institutions: Lentis, GGZ Friesland, GGZ Drenthe, Dimence, Mediant, GGNet Warnsveld, Yulius Dordrecht and Parnassia Psycho-medical Center, The Hague. Maastricht: Maastricht University Medical Centre and the mental health institutions: GGzE, GGZ Breburg, GGZ Oost-Brabant, Vincent van Gogh, voor Geestelijke Gezondheid, Mondriaan, Virenzeriagg, Zuyderland GGZ, MET ggz, Universitair Centrum Sint-JozefKortenberg, CAPRI University of Antwerp, PC Ziekeren Sint-Truiden, PZ Sancta Maria Sint-Truiden, GGZ Overpelt, OPZ Rekem. Utrecht: University Medical Center Utrecht and the mental health institutions: Altrecht, GGZ Centraal and Delta.). UK Biobank: This work made use of data sharing from UK Biobank (under project code 27412). Others: Work by Pierre Vanderhaeghen was funded by Grants of the European Research Council (ERC Adv Grant GENDEVOCORTEX), the EOS Programme, the Belgian FWO, the AXA Research Fund and the Belgian Queen Elizabeth Foundation. Ikuo K. Suzuki was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship of the FRS/FNRS. ; Peer reviewed
CONTINUIRTER ATLAS PORTATILIS GERMANICUS ODER COMPENDIEUSE VORSTELLUNG TEUTSCHLANDES Continuirter Atlas portatilis germanicus Oder Compendieuse Vorstellung Teutschlandes ( - ) Einband ( - ) [Verzeichnis]: ( - ) Titelseite ([1] [A]) Geneigter Leser! ([3] [A 2]) Erklärung der gebrauchten Geographischen Zeichen. ([8] A 4) [Karte]: Extract einer General-Post Charte von allen Postrouten durch gantz Teutschland und dessen gewöhnliche X. Creiße in benachbarte Länder. ( - ) Das I. Capitel. Von Teutschland überhaupt / so auf der Charte Num. I. zu sehen. (9 A 5) Und wenn man solche Flüsse nur obenhin zusammen nehmen will / wird sich finden / daß sich deren groß und klein / so aber doch alle namhaft sind / ergiessen / (11) I. Von einem Kayser (14) II. Von IX. Chur-Fürsten (14) A) Die Geistlichen. B) Die Weltlichen. (17 [15] B) III. Von XXIV. geistlichen Fürsten / welche sind (17 [15] B) IV. Von XXIV. weltlichen annoch florirenden hochfürstlichen Häusern / welche sind: (17 B 2) V. Von XXIV. Prälaten / so zwar keine Fürsten / insgesamt aber doch auch unmittelbare Reichsstände / und den Namen nach sind (18 B 2) VI. Von XIII. Aebtissinen / so nicht minderfreye Reichs-Stände / und nahmentlich sind (19 B 3) VII. Von LIX. hohen Reichs-Gräflichen und Freyherrlichen Häusern / als XVII. Wetterauischen / so da sind / (19 B 3) VIII. Von LX. freyen Reichs-Städten / welche insgesamt gleichsam so viel kleine Republiquen vorstellen / und sind (22 B 4) A) Auf der Rheinischen Banck. (22 B 4) B) Auf der Schwäbischen Banck. (22 B 4) IX. Von einer zahlreichen freyen Reichs-Ritterschaft. (23 B 5) Hierbey aber werden gesamte Lande und mithin also das gantze Teutschland in X. Creysse getheilet /nemlich (24 B 5) [Karte]: Chur Sächsischer Post-Charten Extract mit allen Chur Sächsischen und vielen daran gräntzenden Post-Stationen. ( - ) [Abb.]: Leipzig. ( - ) Das II. Capitel. Von den Posten. (25) Das III. Capitel. Von den Distanzen der Oerter in Teutschland. (28) [Tabelle]: Meilen-Zeiger. Meilen. Entlegenheit der vornehmsten Europaeischen Residentz und Haupt Städte wie weit sie nach Teutschen Meilen von einander entfernet. ( - ) [Tabelle]: Tabula. (31 C) [Karte]: Teutschlands Oesterreichischer Creiss samt denen dazu gehörigen Provinzen. ( - ) Das IV. Capitel. Von dem Oesterreichischen Creiße. So auf dem Chärtgen Num. 4 zu sehen (33 C 2) Seiner gewöhnlichen Eintheilung nach / gehören zu demselben / (33 C 2) I. Von dem Ertz-Hertzogthume Oesterreich, so auf der Charte Num. 4 zu sehen. (34 C 2) Beyde Theile haben wiederum 4 besondere Viertel nemlich (35 C 3) Ober-Oesterreich: Nieder-Oesterreich: (35 C 3) Es gehören ab denn insonderheit (35 C 3) 1) Zu dem Traun-Viertel in Ober-Oesterreich (35 C 3) 2) Zu dem Hauß-Viertel / (35 C 3) 3) Zu dem Mühl-Viertel 4) Zu dem Schwarzen Viertel / 5) Zu dem Viertel über dem Manharts-Berge in dem Nieder-Oesterreich 3) [6] Zu dem Viertel unter dem Manharts-Berge (36 C 3) 3) [7] Zu dem Viertel unter dem Wiener-Wald. (36 C 3) 4) [8] Zu dem Viertel über dem Wiener-Walde. (37 C 4) II. Von dem Hertzogth. Steyermarck. (37 C 4) 1) Ober-Steyermarck (38 C 4) 2) Nieder-Steyer begreist (39 C 5) III. Von dem Hertzogthume Kärnthen. (39 C 5) In Ober-Kärnthen sind merckwürdig. (39 C 5) In Nieder-Kärnthen hingegen (40 C 5) III. [IV.] Von dem Hertzogthume Crain. (40 C 5) Die fürnehmsten Oerter sind in Crain insonderheit: (41) 1) Laubach 2) In der Windischen Marck. 3) In der gefürsteten Grafschaft Görz. (41) 4) In der gefürsteten Grafschaft Gradisca (41) V. Von der gefürsteten Grafschaft Tyrol, so auf dem Special-Chaertgen zu Num. 5. zu sehen. (42) 1) Tyrol an und vor sich selbst (43) 2) In dem Bischofsthume Brixen (43) Das V. Capitel. Von dem Bayerischen Kreyse. So auf dem Chärtgen Num. 6 zu sehen. (44) Das Land ist gut und fruchtbar / die Religion Römisch Catholisch / und die Eintheilung des Creises diese / daß darinnen zu betrachten fallen (44) [Karte]: Gefürstete Graffschafft Tyrol im Oesterreichischen Greiße Teutschlandes mit ihren Gräntzen ( - ) I. Von dem Hertzogthume Bayern. (45) 1) Die Münchische Regierung begreisst diese Städte: 2)Die Burghausische hat 3) Die Landshutische Regierung enthält 4) Die Straubingische aber (46) [Karte]: Teutschlandes Bayerischer Creiss samt dazu gehörigen Provintzen. ( - ) II. Von der Ober-Pfaltz. III. Von der Land-Grafschaft Leuchtenberg. (47 D) IV. Von dem Hertzogthume Neuburg. V. Von dem Fürstenthume Sultzbach. (48 D) VI. Von der gefürsteten Grafschaft Sternstein. (48 D) VII. Von dem Ertz-Bißthum Saltzburg. (49 D 2) VIII. Von dem Bisthume Freysingen. (49 D 2) IX. Von dem Bisthume Regenspurg. X. Von dem Bisthume Passau. (50 D 2) [Karte]: Teutschlandes Schwäbischer Creiss. Samt dazugehörigen Provintzen. ( - ) XI. Von der Probstey Berchtolsgaden. (51 D 3) Das VI. Capitel. Von dem Schwäbischen Creise. So auf der Charte Num. 7. zu sehen. (51 D 3) I. Das Hertzogthum Würtenberg. Wozu in specie die Charte Num. 8 gehöret. (52 D 3) [Karte]: Hertzogthum Würtenberg im Schwäbischen Creis Teutzschlandes mit angräntzenden Gegenden. ( - ) II. Die Marck-Grafschaft Baden. (55 D 5) III. Die Lande der Fürsten von Hohenzollern. IV. Das Fürstenthum Oettingen. (56 D 5) V. Die Lande der Fürsten und Grafen von Fürstenberg (56 D 5) VI. Die Vörder-Oesterreichischen Lande. (57) Die Marck-Grafschaft Burgau / Die Grafschaft Bregentz / Die Grafschaft Montfort / Die Grafschaft Feldkirch / Die Stadt Costnitz / Die Land-Grafschaft Nellenburg (57) Die Grafschaft Hohenberg / Herrschaft Hohenfels mit ihren Oertern. (58) VII. Die Herrschaft Mindelheim. (58) II. [VIII.] Die Lande der Reichs-Grafen. (58) I. Der Garfen von Oettingen / II. Der Grafen von Fürstenberg / III. Der Grafen von Pappenheim / (58) IV. Der Grafen von Rechberg / V. Der Grafen von Sintzendorf / VI. Der Grafen von Fugger / VII. Der Freyherrn von Friedberg / VIII. Der Grafen von Königseck / (59) IX. Der Grafen von Montfort / (59) X. Der Truchsesse von Waldburg / XI. Der Grafen von Hohen-Ems / XII. Der Grafen von Sultz / XIII. Der Grafen von Geroldseck / (60) XIV. Der Grafen von Eberstein. (60) XV. Der Grafen von Helfenstein / XVI. Der Grafen von Grafeneck / XVII. Der Grafen von Limburg / (61) III. [IX.] Die Reichs-Städte / (61) 1) Ulm 2) Augspurg 3) Memmingen 4) Kempten 5) Lindau (61) 6) Uberling 7) Rotvveil 8) Heilbrunn 9) Elslingen 10) Nördlingen 11) Dünckelspiel 12) Schwäbisch - Hall 13) Schwäbisch - Gmünd 24) [14)] Reutlingen 15) Wimpfen 17) [16)] Bopfingen 18) [17)] Aalen 19) [18)] Giengen 20) [19)] Offenburg 21) [20)] Gengenbach 22) [21)] Zell am Hammersbach 23) [22)] Bieberach 24) [23)] Buchau 25) [24)] Pfullendorf 26) [25)] Rauensburg 27) [26)] Buchorn 28) [27)] Kaufbeuern (62) 29) [28)] Leutkirchen 30) [29)] Isny 31) [30)] Wangen (63 E) Was aber denn die Geistlichen Stifter anbetrift / finden sich in diesem Creise: (63 E) I. Zwey Bisthümer nehmlich II. Zwey gefürstete Praelaturen nehmlich: (63 E) III. Achtzehen ungefürstete Praelaturen / deren Aebte aber doch auch insgesamt Reichs-Stände sind / als: (64 E) I. Die Abtey zu Marchthal / II. Die Abtey Salmansweiler / III. Die Abtey Ochsenhausen / IV. Die Abtey Weingarten / V. Die Abtey Irsingen / VI. Die Abtey Ursperg / VII. Die Abtey zu Ottenbeuren / VIII. Die Abtey zu Müncheroden / VIII. [IX.] Die Abtey zu Schussenrid / X. Die Abtey Petershausen XI. Die Abtey Weissenau / XII. Die Abtey Wettenhausen (64 E) XIII. Die Abtey Elchingen / XIV. Die Abtey Gengenbach XV. Die Abtey Roggenburg / XVI. Die Abtey zu S. Georgii XVII. Die Abtey Zweyfalten / XVIII. Die Abtey S. Uldarici (65 E 2) IV. Sechs ungefürstete Weibliche Praelaturen / derer Aebtißinnen aber auch nicht weniger unmittelbare Reichs-Stände sind / als: (65 E 2) I. Die Abtey Guttenzell / II. Die Abtey zu Buchau III. Die Abtey Hegenbach / IV. Die Abtey Baind / V. Die Abtey zu Lindau VI. Die Abtey Roten-Münster (65 E 2) Das VII. Capitel. Von dem Fränckischen Creise / so auf der Charte Num. 9. zu sehen. (66 E 2) [Karte]: Teutschlandes Fraenckischer Creis. Samt dazugehörigen Provintzen. ( - ) Nach dem Unterschiede der Regenten / sind die Länder theils Geistliche Stifter / als (67 E 3) II. [I.] Von dem Bißthume Bamberg. (68 E 3) III. [II.] Von dem Bißthume Würtzburg. So auf dem Special-Cärtgen Num. 10. zu sehen. (68 E 3) [Karte]: Bischthum Würtzburg im Fränckischen Creisse mit seinen Gräntzen. ( - ) III. Von dem Bißthume Aichstädt. (70 E 7 [E 4]) IV. Von dem Hoch- und Teutsch Meisterthume. (70 E 7 [E 4]) V. Von dem Marggrafthum Bayreuth. (71 D 5 [E 5]) VI. Von dem Marggrafthum Anspach. (71 D 5 [E 5]) VII. Von dem Fürstenthume Coburg. (72 D 5 [E 5]) VIII. Von der Gefürsteten Grafschaft Henneberg. (72 D 5 [E 5]) 1) Dem Hertzoge zu Sachsen-Meinungen / 2) Dem Chur-Hause Sachsen / 3) Dem Hertzoge zu Sachsen Weymar / 4) Dem Hertzog zu Sachsen-Eisenach / 5) Dem Hertzoge zu Sachsen-Gotha / 6) Dem Land-Grafen zu Hessen-Cassel / (73) IX. Von den freyen Reichs-Grafschaften. (74) 1) Das Fürstenthum Schwartzenberg / 2) Die Grafschaft Wertheim / 3) Die Grafschaft Löwenstein / 4) Die Grafschaft Castell / 5) Die Grafschaft Hohen-Lohe / (74) 6) Die Grafschaft Erpach / (74) 7) Die Grafschaft Reineck / 8) Die Grafschaft Dernbach / 9) Die Herrschaft der Grafen Limburg / 10) Die Grafschaft Reigelsberg (75) IX. [X.] Von den freyen Reichs-Städten. (75) 1) Nürnberg (75) 2) Franckfurth am Mayn (75) 3) Schweinfurth 4) Rotenburg an der Tauber 5) Winsheim 6) Weissenburg (76) Das VIII. Capitel. Von dem Ober-Rheinischen Creise / welcher auf der Charte Num. 11. und 12. zu sehen. (76) [Karte]: Des Ober-Rheinischen Creißes in Teutschland Nördlicher Theil mit Seinen abgetheilten Provintzen. ( - ) Die Eintheilung geschiehet am füglichsten / nach den Herren so ihn besitzen / und also in das / so davon hat (77) I. Von dem / was der Kayser / oder das Haus Oesterreich in diesem Creise hat. (78) II. Von dem / was Frankreich von diesem Creise abgezwacket. (79 F) 1) Der Sundgau / (79 F) 2) Die Land-Grafschaft Elsaß / (79 F) Ober-Elsaß / (79 F) Nieder-Elsaß / (80 F) III. Von dem / was dem Hertzoge von Lothringen gehöret. (80 F) IV. Von dem / was dem Hertzoge von Würtenberg zustehet. (81 F 2) V. Von dem / was die Pfaltz-Grafen am Rhein haben. (81 F 2) 1) Die Pfaltz-Grafen zu Zweybrück / (81 F 2) 2) Die Pfaltz-Grafen von Birckenfeld / 3) Der Chur-Fürst zu Pfaltz (82 F 2) VI. Von dem / was den Land-Grafen von Hessen zukommt. (82 F 2) 1) Dem Land-Grafen zu Hessen Cassel (83 F 3) a) in Nieder-Hessen b) in Ober-Hessen c) Das Fürstenthum Hirschfeld / d) Die Grafschafft Schaumburg / e) Die Aemter Vchi und Freudenberg (83 F 3) f) Schmalcalden (84 F 3) 2) Dem Land-Grafen zu Hessen-Darmstadt (84 F 3) a) in Ober-Hessen b) in Itter / c) in Nidda / d) in der Ober-Grafschafft Catzenellenbogen (84 F 3) 3) Dem Land-Grafen zu Hessen-Rheinfels (84 F 3) a) die Nieder-Grafschafft Catzenellnbogen / b) in Nieder-Hessen (84 F 3) [Karte]: Des Ober Rheinischen Creisses Südtlicher theil mit der Franche Comte und den ganzen Hertzogthum Lotharingen. ( - ) 4) Dem Land-Grafen zu Hessen-Homburg / 5) Dem Chur-Fürsten zu Mayntz / (85 F 4) VII. Von dem / was die Fürsten und Grafen von Nassau besitzen. (85 F 4) VIII. Von dem / was die Grafen von Hanau haben. (85 F 4) 1) Die Grafschafft Hanau in der Wetterau / (85 F 4) 2) Die Grafschafft Lichtenberg im Unter-Elsaß / 3) Die Grafschafft Bitsch in Westerreich / 4) Die Herrschafft Ochsenstein (86 F 4) IX. Von dem / was dem Fürsten von Salm und übrigen Wild- und Rheingrafen zuständig. (86 F 4) 1) Die Grafschafft Salm 2) Die Herrschafften Ogiville, Neufuille, Armans und Dimeringen. 3) Die Herrschafft Finstringen (86 F 4) 4) Die Grafschafft Rhein-Grafenstein / (86 F 4) X. Von dem / was andere Reichs-Grafen hier besitzen. (87 F 5) Die Grafschafft Westerburg Die Grafschafft Leiningen / Die Grafschafft Crichingen und Puttingen / Die Herrschafft Reipolts-Kirch Die Grafschafft Obernstein Die Grafschafft Falckenstein im Elsaß / (87 F 5) Die Grafschafft Solms Die Grafschafft Hatzfeld Die Grafschafft Witgenstein Die Grafschafft Nieder-Isenburg / Die Grafschafft Ober-Isenburg aber mit der Grafschafft Budingen / Die Grafschafft Waldeck / (88 F 5) Die Grafschafft Cronberg / (88 F 5) Die Grafschafft Gödern (89) XI. Von den Reichs-Städten dieses Creises. (89) XII. Von dem / was den Geistl. Ständen zuständig. (89) Der Ertz-Bischof von Bisanz. (89) Der Bischof zu Worms / Der Bischof zu Speyer / Der Bischof zu Straßburg / Der Bischof zu Basel / Der Heer-Meister des Johanniter- und Maltheser-Ordens / Der gefürstete Abt zu Fulda / Der gefürstete Abt zu Murbach und zu S. Luders in Ober-Elsaß / Der Abt zu Münster in Gregorien-Thal / (90) Die Aebtissin zu Andlau / Die Wetterau / Der Westerwald Das Westerreich Das Hundsrück (91) Das IX. Capitel. Von dem Nieder-Rheinischen Creise. So auf der Charte Num. 13. zu sehen. (92) [Karte]: Teutschlands Nieder Rheinischer Creiss mit seinen abgetheilten Provintzen. ( - ) Wegen der Eintheilung giebt es hier nicht viel Kopf-brechens / indem man nur darzu rechnet (93) I. Das Ertz-Stifft Mayntz. (93) a) In der Berg-Strasse zwischen Heidelberg und Darmstadt b) In der Pfaltz Gerresheim c) In Thüringen d) Das Eisfeld / (93) e) in Hessen / (93) II. Das Ertz-Stifft Trier. (94) III. Das Ertz-Stifft Cöln. (94) IV. Die Chur-Pfältzischen Lande. (95 G) Die 15. Aemter / darein es getheilet wird / sind folgende: (95 G) 1) Das Amt Heidelberg / 2) Das Amt Neustadt / (95 G) 3) Das Amt Lautern / 4) Das Amt Oppenheim 5) Das Amt Creutzenach / 6) Das Amt Bacharach / 7) Das Amt Stromberg / 8) Das Amt Simmern 9) Das Amt Kirchberg / 10) Das Amt Germersheim / 11) Das Amt Altzey 12) Das Amt Mosbach / 13) Das Amt Bretten / 14) Das Amt Boxberg / 15) Das Amt Utzberg / (96 G) V. Die Grafschafften. (96 G) [Karte]: Des Burgundischen Creisses Nördlicher Theil oder Vereinigte Niederlande. ( - ) Die Grafschafft Schleida / Die Grafschafft Manderscheid / Die Grafschafft Reiferscheid / Die Grafschafft Virneburg / Das Fürstenthum Arnberg / (97 G 2) Das X. Capitel. Von dem Burgundischen Creise. So aus der Charten Num. 11. 14. und 15. zusehen. (97 G 2) Sectio I. Von der Grafschafft Hochburgund. Oder wie sie insgeheim genannt wird, der Franche Comté, so mit auf der Charte Num. 11. zu stehen. (99 G 3) I. Von der Baillage de Dole, oder der mittlern Voigtey. (100 G 3) II. Von der Baillage d'Amont oder der obern Voigtey. III. Von der Baillage d'Aual, oder der untern Voigtey. (101 G 4) Sectio II. Von denen Oesterreichischen Nieder-Landen. So auf der Charte Num. 14. zu sehen. (102 G 4) Die Provincien desselben insonderheit sind (102 G 4) [Karte]: Des Burgundischen Creisses Südtlicher theil oder Oesterreichische Niederlande. ( - ) I. Von der Grafschafft Artois. (103 G 5) II. Von der Grafschafft Flandern. (104 G 5) 1. Der Römische Kayser / dem gehöret das Oesterreichische Flandern mit Gent (104 G 5) 2. Der König in Frankreich / so da das Französische Flandern und darinnen hat Ryssel oder Lille (104 G 5) 3. Die Herren General-Staaten der vereinigten Niederlande / (105) III. Von der Grafschafft Hennegau. (105) Oesterreich hat Mons oder Bergen (105) Frankreich dargegen hat / (105) IV. Von der Grafschafft Namur. (106) V. Von dem Hertzogthume Luxemburg oder Lützelburg. (106) Der Kayser Luxemburg (106) Der König in Frankreich Montmedy (106) Die Erben der Oranischen Verlassenschaft / Die Marck-Grafen von Baden (107) VI. Von dem Hertzogthume Limburg. (107) VII. Von dem Hertzogthume Geldern. (107) Der Kayser / Rüremond Der König in Preussen / Geldern Die Holländer / Venlo (108) VIII. Von dem Hertzogthum Brabant. (108) Dem Römischen Kayser / Brüssel Denen vereinigten Nieder-Ländern / Bergen op. Zoom (108) Denen Oranischen Erben / Breda (109) IX. Von der Marck-Grafschafft Antwerpen. X. Von der Herrschaft Mecheln. (109) Sectio III. Von den vereinigten Niederlanden. So auf der Carte Num. 15. zu sehen. (109) . und heissen die Provincien insonderheit (111 H) I. Von der Grafschafft Holland (111 H) Nord-Holland hat Amsterdam (111 H) Süd-Holland hat Roterdam (112 H) II. Von der Grafschafft Seeland oder Zeeland. (113 H 2) 1) Walchern, 2) Sud-Beveland, 3) Duveland, 5) Schovven, 6) Tolen, (113 H 2) III. Von der Provinz Vtrecht. (113 H 2) IV. Von dem holländischen Unter-Geldern. (114 H 2) 1) In die Betau, so an der Maas lieget/ 2) In die Velau, so an der Süder-See lieget / 3) In die Grafschafft Zütphen, so an Teutschland lieget / (114 H 2) V. Von der Herrschaft Ober-Yssel. (115 H 3) 1) Salland in der Mitten / wo Deuenter 2) Tvvente unten / wo Ootmersum, 3) Drente oben / wo Coeuorden (115 H 3) VI. Von der Herrschaft Groeningen. (115 H 3) Zum Gröningischen gehöret / (115 H 3) Zu dem Ommeland wird gerechnet (116 H 3) VII. Von der Grafschafft West-Friesland. (116 H 3) 1) Ostergau / darinnen Lewarden 2) Westergau / wo Franecker 3) Sevenvolden worinnen Knynder (116 H 3) [Karte]: Teutschlandes Westphaelischer Creiss samt dazu gehörigen Provintzien. ( - ) Das XI. Capitel. Von dem Westphälischen Creise. So auf der Charte Num. 16. zu sehen. (117 H 4) Wegen der Eintheilung gehet es in diesem Creise / wie im andern / daß Geistliche und Weltliche Herrschafften allda zu regieren haben / deren Länder also betrachtet werden können: (118 H 4) I. Von dem Bischoffthum Münster. (119 H 5) II. Von dem Bischoffthum Lüttich. (119 H 5) III. Von dem Bischoffthum Oßnabrück. IV. Von dem Bischoffthum Paderborn. (120 H 5) V. Von den Abteyen. (121) VI. Von dem Hertzogthume Westphalen. (121) VII. Von dem Hertzogthum Cleve und dem Fürstenthum Moers. VIII. Von dem Hertzogthume Jülich. (122) IX. Von dem Hertzogthum Bergen. X. Von dem Fürstenthum Ost-Frießland. (123) IX. [XI.] Von dem Theile des Fürstenthums Nassau. XII. Von dem Fürstenthum Minden. (124) XIII. Von dem Fürstenthum Verden. (124) XIII. [XIV.] Von den Grafschafften Oldenburg und Delmenhorst. (125) XV. Von denen anderen Grafschafften dieses Creises. (125) 1) Die Grafschafft Marck / zwischen Münster und Westphalen / (125) 2) Die Grafschafft Ravensberg / 3) Die Grafschafft Lippe / 4) Die Grafschafft Schaumburg an der Weser bey Pyrmont 5) Die Grafschafft Spiegelberg / (126) 6) Die Grafschafft Pyrmont / (126) 7) Die Grafschafft Rietberg / 8) Die Grafschafft Sternberg / 9) Die Grafschafft Hoya an der Weser 10) Die Grafschafft Diephold 11) Die Grafschafft Bentheim / 12) Die Grafschafft Steinfort im Münsterischen / 13) Die Grafschafft Tecklenburg / 14) Die Grafschafft Lingen zwischen Münster und Osnabrück / (127 I) 15) Die Grafschafft Reckheim / 16) Die Grafschafft Dehlen / 17) Die Grafen von Gronsfeld / 18) Die Grafen von Styrum / 19) Die Grafschafft Sain bey Coblentz / 20) Die Grafschafft Wied am Rhein über Coblentz / (128 I) XVI. Von den Reichs-Städten. (128 I) [Karte]: Teutschlandes Niedersaechsischer Creis samt dazu gehörigen Provintzen. ( - ) Das XII. Capitel. Von dem Nieder-Sächsischen Creise. So auf der Charte Num. 17. zu sehen. (129 I 2) Die Länder / so hieher gehören / sind folgende: (129 I 2) I. Von dem Hertzogthum Braunschweig, so insonderheit auf dem Chärtgen Num. 18. zusehen. (130 I 2) [Karte]: Das Hertzogthum Braunschweig mit seinen abgetheilten Fürstenthümern dem Stiffte Hildesheim und andern angräntzenden Provintzen. ( - ) [Karte]: Hertzogthum Lüneburg im Nieder-Sächsische Creisse Teutzschlandes mit seinen abgetheilten Aemtern und Probsteyen. ( - ) II. Von dem Hertzogthum Lüneburg. So insonderheit auf dem Chärtgen Num. 19. zu sehen. (131 I 3) III. Von dem Fürstenthum Blanckenburg. (132 I 3) VI. [IV.] Von dem Fürstenthum Calenberg / oder Hanover. (132 I 3) [Karte]: Das Hertzogthum Magdeburg mit seinen abgetheilten Provintzen. ( - ) V. Von dem Fürstenthum Grubenhagen. (133 I 4) VI. Von dem Hertzogthum Magdeburg. So insonderheit auf dem Chärtgen Num. 20. zu sehen. (133 I 4) VII. Von dem Hertzogthum Mecklenburg. So insonderheit auf dem Chärtgen Num. 21. zu sehen. (134 I 4) [Karte]: Das Hertzogthum Mecklenburg im Nieder Sächsischen Creiße Teutschlandes mit seinen abgetheilten Provintzen. ( - ) I. Der König von Schweden. (135 I 5) II. Das Hertzogthum Mecklenburg Schwerin. (135 I 5) a) Das Hertzogthum Mecklenburg / b) Das Fürstenthum Wenden / Das Fürstenthum / sonst Bischoffthum Schwerin / (135 I 5) Die Grafschafft Schwerin / (135 I 5) Die Herrschafft Rostock / Die Herrschafft Stargard Das Dom-Stifft in der Stadt Ratzeburg, (136 I 5) VIII. Von dem Hertzogthum Bremen. So insonderheit auf dem Chärtgen Num 22. zu sehen. (136 I 5) [Karte]: Des Hertzogthum Bremen nebst dem Stifft oder Fürstenthum Verden im Nieder Sächsischen Creiss. ( - ) IX. Von dem Fürstenthum Halberstadt. (137) X. Von dem Hertzogthum Holstein. So insonderheit auf dem Chärtgen Num 23. zu sehen. (137) Man kan jeder Herrschaft zugehörige Oerter in jeder provintz besonders anmercken / welche denn diese sind: (138) A. Von Holstein insonderheit. (138) [Karte]: Hertzogthum Holstein im Nieder Sächsischen Creisse mit seinen abgetheilten Provintzien. ( - ) B. Von dem Hertzogthume Wagrien. C. Von dem Hertzogthume Stormarn. (139) D. Von dem Hertzogthume Dithmarsen. (139) XI. Von dem Hertzogthum Sachsen-Lauenburg. (140) XII. Von dem Bischoffthume Hildesheim. (140) XIII. Von dem Bischoffthum Lübeck / oder Eutin. XIV. Von der Grafschafft Werningeroda. (141) XV. Von denen Reichs-Städten. (142) 1) Lübeck 2) Hamburg 3) Bremen 4) Goslar 5) Mühlhausen 6) Northausen (142) Das XIII. Capitel Von dem Ober-Sächsischen Creise. So auf den beyden Charten Num 24. und 25. zu sehen. (142) [Karte]: Des Ober-Sächsischen Creißes Nördlicher Theil mit seinen abgetheilten Provintzen. ( - ) Seine Eintheilung nach begreiffet solcher Creiß / (144 K) I. Von dem Churfürstenthum und Hertzogthum Sachsen. (144 K) [Karte]: Des Ober Saechsischen Creises Südlicher theil mit abgetheilten Provintzen. ( - ) [Abb.]: Alt Dresden ( - ) 1. Das Amt Annaburg 2. Das Amt Beltzig 3. Das Amt Gräfen-Hayngen 4. Das Amt Liebenwerde 5. Das Amt Pretzsch 6. Das Amt Schlieben 7. Das Amt Schweinitz 8. Das Amt Seyda 9. Das Creiß-Amt Wittenberg 10. Das Amt Bitterfeld (145 K 2) (a.) Das Burggrafthum Magdeburg, (145 K 2) (b.) Die Grafschafft Barby, (c) Die Herrschafft Baruth, (146 K 2) II. Von dem Marggrafthum Meissen. (146 K 2) A. Von dem Meißnischen Creiß. (147 K 3) 1. Das Ober Amt Dreßden 2. Das Amt Dippoldiswalda 3. Das Amt Grossen-Hayn 4. Das Amt Hohenstein 5. Das Amt Lausnitz 6. Das Amt Lohmen 7. Das Creiß-Amt Meissen 8. Das Meißnische Procuratur-Amt 9. Das Meißnische Schul-Amt 10. Die Probstey oder Stifft-Meissen. 11. Das Amt Moritzburg (147 K 3) 12. Das Amt Mühlberg 13. Das Amt Nossen 14. Das Amt Oschatz 15. Das Amt Pirna 16. Das Amt Radeberg 17. Das Amt Senftenberg 18. Das Amt Stolpen 19. Das Amt Torgau 20. Das Amt Zabelitz (148 K 3) B. Von dem Leipziger Creise. (148 K 3) 1. Das Amt Borna (148 K 3) 2. Das Amt Colditz 3. Das Amt Düben 4. Das Amt Eilenburg 5. Das Amt Grimma 6. Das Grimmische Schul-Amt / 7. Das Creiß-Amt Leipzig 8. Das Amt Leißnig 9. Das Amt Mutschen 10. Das Amt Rochlitz 11. Das Amt Wurtzen 12. Das Amt Pegau Das Amt Dölitzlsch (149 K 4) C. Von dem Ertz-Gebürgischen Creise. (150 K 4) 1. Das Amt Altenberg 2. Das Mühlen-Amt zu Anneberg 3. Das Amt Augustusburg 4. Das Amt Chemnitz 5. Das Amt Franckenberg 6. Das Amt Frauenstein 7. Das Amt Freyberg 8. Das Amt Grüllenberg 9. Das Amt Grünhayn 10. Das Amt Lauterstein 11. Das Creiß-Amt Schwartzenberg (150 K 4) 12. Das Amt Stollberg 13. Das Amt Wolckenstein 14. Das Amt Zwickau (151 K 5) D. Von dem Weissenfelsischen Gebiethe. (151 K 5) E. Von dem Stiffte Merseburg. So insonderheit auf dem Chärtgen Num. 26. zu sehen. (152 K 5) F. Von dem Stiffte Naumburg. So insonderheit auf dem Chärtgen Num. 26. mit zu sehen. (152 K 5) [Karte]: Die Stiffter Merseburg und Naumburg mit dem Unter Stiffte Zeitz. ( - ) G. Von dem Voigtlande. (153) a) Die Churfürstliche Sächsische Aemter. 1. Pausa 2. Plauen 3. Voigtsberg b) Der Marggräfische Bayreuthische Antheil (153) c) Der Hrn. Grafen von Reussen Landschafften / (153) 1) Die ältere Linie a) Aus Unter-Graitz / b) Aus Ober-Graitz / 2) Die jüngere Linie a) Aus Gera / b) Aus Schlaitz / c) Aus Lobenstein / (154) H. Von dem Osterlande. (154) [Karte]: Landgrafschafft Thüringen mit ihren abgetheilten Provintzen im Ober Sächsischen Creisse. ( - ) a) Der Churfürst von Sachsen / b) Der Hertzog zu Weymar / c) Der ehemalige Hertzog zu Eisenberg / d) Der Hertzog zu Saalfeld / e) Der Hertzog zu Gotha /das Fürstenthum Altenburg (155) III. Von der Land-Grafschafft Thüringen. So insonderheit auf der Charte Num. 27. zu sehen. (155) A. Den Chur-Mayntzischen Antheil. a) Erfurth b) Das Eichsfeld mit Dingelstadt c) Unter-Krainichfled. d) Das dritte Theil von Trefurth. (156) B. Den Chur-Sächsischen Antheil. (156) a) Das Amt Schul-Pforte (156) b) Das Creiß-Amt Tenstädt / c) Der dritte Theil von Trefurth. d) Die Balley Thüringen / e) Die Herrschafft Tautenburg (157) C. Den Sachsen-Weissenfelischen Antheil. a) Das Amt Eckhardsberg / b) Das Amt Freyburg c) Das Amt Langensaltza d) Das Amt Sangerhausen e) Das Amt Weisen-See (157) D. Das Hertzogthum Weymar. (157) E. Das Hertzogthum Eisenach. (158) F. Das Hertzogthum Gotha. So insonderheit auf dem Chärtgen Num 28. zu sehen. (158) [Karte]. Hertzog- und Fürstenthümer Gotha Coburg und Altenburg nebst andern angräntzenden Provintzien. ( - ) G. Das Hildburgshausische. H. Das Meinungische. J. Das Saalfeldische. (159 L) IV. Von dem Fürstenthum Querfurth. (160 L) [Karte]: Fürstenthum Anhalt im Ober Sächsischen Creisse Teutschlandes mit seinen Abtheilungen. ( - ) V. Von dem Fürstenthume Anhalt. So insonderheit auf dem Chärtgen Num. 29. zu sehen. (161 L 2) 1) Die Anhalt-Bärnburgische Linie / 2) Die Anhalt-Dessauische Linie / 3) Die Anhalt-Cöthische Linie 4) Die Anhalt-Zörbstische Linie (161 L 2) VI. Von der Abtey Quedlinburg. (162 L 2) VII. Von der Marck Brandenburg. So insonderheit auf dem Chärtgen Num. 24. und 25. zu sehen. (162 L 2) 1) In die alte Marck / (162 L 2) 2) In der Mittel-Marck / 3) In die Neue-Marck / 4) In der Prignitz / (163 L 3) 5) In der Ucker-Marck / (163 L 3) VIII. Von dem Hertzogthum Pommern. (164 L 3) I. Vor-Pommern (164 L 3) 1. Das Steinische Gebiethe / 2. Das Barthische Gebiethe / 3. Das Gützkowische Gebiethe / 4. Die Insul Usedom / 5. Die Insul Wollin / (164 L 3) 6. Die Insul Rügen / (164 L 3) 7. Ruden eine kleine Insul / (165 L 4) II. Hinter-Pommern. (165 L 4) 1. Das Hertzogthum Pommern / 2. Das Hertzogthum Camin / 3. Das Hertzogthum Cassuben / 4. Das Hertzogthum Wenden / 5. Die Herrschafft Lauenburg / 6. Die Herrschafft Bütow / 7. Die Herrschafft Draheim / (165 L 4) Das XIV. Capitel. Von denen uneingecreißten Ländern in Teutschland. (165 L 4) I. Von dem Königreich Böhmen insonderheit. So insonderheit auf dem Chärtgen Num. 30. zu sehen. (166 L 4) [Karte]: Das Königreich Böhmen mit seinen abgetheilten Creissen. ( - ) Es ist aber Böhmen von Alters her in XV. Creise eingetheilet gewesen / darzu sind noch III. neue kommen / daß wir also XVIII. Creise zu betrachten haben / deren Name / und in denselben sich befindliche Oerter sind (167 L 5) 1. Im Prager-Creiß 2. Im Rackonitzer-Creise / 3. Im Slauner-Creise / 4. Im Satzer / Creise / 5. Im Leutmeritzer-Creise / 6. Im Bunzler-Creise / 7. Im Königgräzer-Creise 8. Im Beraumer-Creise / 9. Im Pilßner-Creise / 10. Im Egerischen Creise / (167 L 5) 11. Im Elnbogner-Creiß / (167 L 5) 12. Im Chrudiner-Creise / 13. Im Czaslauer-Creise / 14. Im Bechnier-Creise / 15. Im Kaurzimer-Creise / 16. Im Moldauer-Creise / 17. Im Parchenser-Creise / (168 L 5) 18. In der Grafschafft Glatz / (168 L 5) [Karte]: Das Hertzogthum Schlesien mit seinen abgetheilten Fürstenthümern und Herrschafften. ( - ) II. Von dem Hertzogthum Schlesien. So insonderheit auf der Charte Num. 31. zu sehen. (169) A. In Ober-Schlesien. (170) 1) Das Fürstenthum Teschen / 2) Das Fürstenthum Troppau / 3) Das Fürstenthum Jägerndorff (170) 4) Das Fürstenthum Ratibot / (170) 5) Das Fürstenthum Oppeln / 6) Das Fürstenthum Neisse oder Grorkau / 7) Die Herrschafft Plessen / 8) Die Grafschafft Beuthen / (171) B. In Nieder-Schlesien. (171) 1) Das Fürstenthum Breßlau (171) 2) Das Fürstenthum schweidnitz / (171) 3) das Fürstenthum Jauer / 4) Das Fürstenthum Liegnitz 5) Das Fürstenthum Brieg / 6) Das Fürstenthum Wolau / 7) Das Fürstenthum Glogau / (172) 8) Das Fürstenthum Oels / (172) 9) Das Fürstenthum Münsterberg / 10) Das Fürstenthum Sagan / 11) Das Fürstenthum Wartenberg / 12) Die Herrschafft Wartenberg / 13) Die Herrschafft Militsch / 14) Die Herrschafft Trachenberg / 15) Die Herrschafft Carlath / (173) III. Von dem Marggrafthum Mähren. So insonderheit auf der Charte Num. 32. zu sehen. (173) Die Einwohner darinnen sind Römisch-Catholisch / und die Eintheilung bestehet in sechs Creise / welche sind (174) I. Iglauer-Creiß. (174) [Karte]. Das Marggraffthum Mähren mit seinen abgetheilten Creissen. ( - ) II. Der Znaymische Creiß. III. Der Brünnische Creiß. IV. Der Olmützer-Creiß. (175 M) V. Der Prerovische Creiß. VI. Der Hradische Creiß. (176 M) III. [IV.] Von dem Marggrafthume Leußnitz. So insonderheit auf der Carte Num. 33. zu sehen. (176 M) [Karte]: Das Marckgraffthum Ober und Nieder Lausitz mit seinen abgetheilten Creissen inliegenden Herrschafften Clöstern und Aemtern. ( - ) (A.) Die Ober-Lausnitz. (177 M 2) I. Den Budissiner-Haupt-Creiß / II. Den Görlitzer Haupt-Creiß / (177 M 2) III. Die so genandte Sechs-Städte nemlich: (177 M 2) Budissin oder Bautzen. Camentz. Görlitz. Lobau (177 M 2) Luban. Zittau. Closter Marienstern. Closter Marienthal, (178 M 2) V. [IV.] Neun Land-Städtgen (178 M 2) (B) Nieder-Lausnitz. (178 M 2) I. Fünf Creise / so da sind: (178 M 2) II. Vierzehn Herrschaften / mit ihren Städten. (179 M 3) 1) Closter oder Abtey Neu-Cella 2) Dobriluk 3) Friedland, 4) Forsta 5) Pfoerten 6) Sorau 7) Beuthel 8) Sonnevvalde 9) Thräna 10) Straupitz 11) Lieberosa 12) Lübbenau 13) Amtitz 14) Triebel (179 M 3) III. Folgende Lands-Städtlein / (179 M 3) IV. Dem Chur-Brandenburgischen Antheil / (180 M 3) Das XV. Capitel. Oder Anhang. Von den warmen Bädern und Gesund-Brunnen in Töplitz, Carls-Bad oder Eger. (180 M 3) [Karte]: Herrschafft Toeplitz im Leutmeritzer Creisse des Koenigreichs Böhmen. ( - ) I. Von dem warmen Bade in der Herrschafft Töplitz. So insonderheit auf dem Chärtgen Num 34. zu sehen. (181 M 4) [Karte]: Carlsbad mit dem Gantzen Ellenbogner Creisse - im Königreiche Böhmen. ( - ) II. Von dem Carls-Bade. (183 M 5) III. Von den Säuerling zu Schläta / bey Eger, oder dem so genannten Egerischen Sauer-Brunnen. So auf den Cärtgen Num. 36. zu sehen. (186) [Karte]: Egerischer Bezirck an Königreich Böhmen nebst den angräntzenden Ascher-Gebieth. ( - ) [Karte]: Hoch. Reichs Gräffische Reusische Lande mit angräntzenden Gegenden. ( - ) Ordnung Derer hierinnen befindlichen Capitel. (190) I. Register Derer in diesem Werckgen befindlichen Charten, (N) II. Register Derer Länder und Staaten, so in dieser Geographie beschrieben finden. (N) A (N) B (N) C, D (N 2) E (N 2) F, G (N 2) H (N 2) I - K (N 3) L (N 3) M (N 3) N (N 3) O - Q (N 4) R (N 4) S (N 4) T (N 4) U, V (N 5) W (N 5) Z (N 5) Register derer vornehmsten Post-Stationen in Teutschland, wie auch etlicher Neben-Orte wo die Strassen vorbey gehen. (N 5) A (N 5) B (N 5) C ( - ) D - F ( - ) G ( - ) H - J ( - ) K ( - ) L ( - ) M ( - ) N - P ( - ) R ( - ) S ( - ) T ( - ) U - W (O) Z (O) Register derer Post-Stationen auf der Chur-Saechsischen Post-Charte. (O) A - E (O) F (O) G - N (O 2) P (O 2) Q - Z (O 2) Register derer Neben-Orte, wo die Posten durchgehen. (O 2) Register zum Meilen-Zeiger der vornehmsten Europäischen Haupt-Städte, wie weit solche voneinander entlegen. (O 3) Register der vornehmsten Städte in Teutschland, sonderlich, wieweit solche von einander nach deren meisten (jedoch hierinnen auch sehr differirenden) Autoren Meynung gerechnet werden. (O 4) Register derer in Oesterreichischen Creys befindlichen Orte. (O 4) A - F (O 4) G (O 4) H - N (O 5) O (O 5) P - V (O 5) W (O 5) Y, Z ( - ) Register zur Grafschafft Tyrol. ( - ) A - I ( - ) J - R ( - ) S ( - ) T - Z ( - ) Register der in der Grafschafft Tyrol befindlichen Flüsse. ( - ) Register derer im Bayrischen Creise befindlichen Orte. ( - ) A - G ( - ) H ( - ) I - O ( - ) P ( - ) R - Z ( - ) Register zum Schwaebischen Kreys. (P) A - F (P) G - M (P) N - T (P 2) U - Z (P 2) Register zum Hertzogthum Würtenberg. (P 2) A, B (P 2) C - L (P 3) M (P 3) N - Z (P 3) Register der im Fraenckischen Creis befindlichen Orte. (P 4) A - D (P 4) E (P 4) F - I (P 4) K (P 4) L - O (P 5) P (P 5) R - T (P 5) U - Z ( - ) Register zum Bisthum Würtzburg. ( - ) A - C ( - ) D ( - ) E - L ( - ) M ( - ) N - R ( - ) S ( - ) T - Z ( - ) Register zum Ober-Rheinischen Creis Nordlicher Theil. ( - ) A ( - ) B ( - ) C - F ( - ) G ( - ) H - K ( - ) L ( - ) M - R (Q) S (Q) T - Z (Q) Register zum Ober-Rheinischen Creis. (Q 2) A - M (Q 2) N - Z (Q 2) Register zum Hertzogthum Lotharingen. (Q 2) A (Q 2) B (Q 2) C - R (Q 3) S - V (Q 3) Register zum Nieder-Rheinischen Creise. (Q 3) A - D (Q 3) E - N (Q 4) O - Z (Q 4) Register der vereinigten Niederlande. (Q 4) A (Q 4) B (Q 4) C - H (Q 5) I (Q 5) K - V (Q 5) W - Z ( - ) Register derer in denen Oesterreichischen Niederlanden befindlichen Orte. ( - ) A, B ( - ) C - H ( - ) I - P ( - ) Q - Y ( - ) Register zum Westphaelischen Creys. ( - ) A - C ( - ) D ( - ) E - K ( - ) L ( - ) M - O (R) P (R) Q - Z (R) Register derer im Nieder-Saechsischen Creise befindlichen Orte. (R) A (R) B - D (R 2) E (R 2) F - K (R 2) L (R 2) M - R (R 3) S - Z (R 3) Register zur Braunschweigischen Carte. (R 4) A - F (R 4) G - K (R 4) L (R 4) M - R (R 5) S (R 5) T - Z (R 5) Register zum Hertzogthum Lüneburg. (R 5) A (R 5) B (R 5) C - G ( - ) H ( - ) I - Q ( - ) R ( - ) S - Z ( - ) Register derer in Hertzogthum Magdeburg und Hall befindlichen Orte. ( - ) A ( - ) B - F ( - ) G ( - ) H - L ( - ) M ( - ) N - R ( - ) S ( - ) T - Z (S) Register zum Hertzogthum Mecklenburg. (S) A (S) B (S) C - F (S) G (S) H - N (S 2) O (S 2) P - V (S 2) W (S 2) Z (S 3) Register zum Hertzogthum Bremen. (S 3) A - E (S 3) F - N (S 3) O (S 3) R - Z (S 4) Register zum Hertzogthum Hollstein. (S 4) A (S 4) B (S 4) C - G (S 4) H (S 4) I - M (S 5) N (S 5) O - R (S 5) S (S 5) T - Z ( - ) Register zum Obersaechsischen Creys Südlichen Theils. ( - ) A ( - ) B ( - ) C - E ( - ) F ( - ) G, H ( - ) I, J ( - ) K - M ( - ) N ( - ) O - R ( - ) S ( - ) T - V ( - ) W ( - ) Z (T) Register derer in Obersaechsischen Creise nordl. Theils befindlichen Orte. (T) A, B (T) C (T) D - L (T) M (T) N - S (T 2) T (T 2) U - Z (T 2) Register zur Brandenburgischen Charte. (T 2) A, B (T 2) C (T 2) D - L (T 3) M (T 3) N - S (T 3) T (T 3) U - Z (T 4) Stifft Merseburg. (T 4) A - H (T 4) K (T 4) L - Z (T 4) Stifft Naumburg. (T 4) Stifft Zeitz. (T 5) Register zu Thüringen. (T 5) A - F (T 5) G (T 5) H - M ( - ) N ( - ) O - V ( - ) W, Z ( - ) Register derer in Fürstl. Saechs. Ernestin. Landen befindlichen Orte. ( - ) A, B ( - ) C ( - ) D - I ( - ) K ( - ) L - Q ( - ) R ( - ) S - W ( - ) Z (U) Register zum Fürstenthum Anhalt. (U) A - G (U) H - R (U) S -Z (U 2) Register derer im Königreich Böhmen befindlichen Oerter. (U 2) A (U 2) B (U 2) C - G (U 2) H (U 2) I - L (U 3) M (U 3) N - R (U 3) S (U 3) U - Z (U 4) Register derer in dem Hertzogthum Schlesien befindlichen Oerter. (U 4) A - F (U 4) G (U 4) H - O (U 5) P (U 5) R - Z (U 5) Register derer im Marggrafthum Maehren befindlichen Orte. (U 5) A (U 5) B - F ( - ) G - L ( - ) M - R ( - ) S ( - ) T - Z ( - ) Register zur Ober-Lausitz. ( - ) A - J ( - ) K ( - ) L - P ( - ) R ( - ) S - W (X) Z (X) Register derer in der Nieder-Lausitz befindlichen Orte. (X) A - F (X) G (X) H - L (X 2) M (X 2) N - V (X 2) W (X 2) Z (X 3) Brandenburgische Herrschafft Cottbus. (X 3) Register zur Töplitzer Charte. (X 3) Register zur Carls-Bader-Charte. (X 4) A - J (X 4) K - R (X 4) S (X 4) T - W (X 5) Register derer in der Herrschafft Asch und in den Egerischen Bezircke befindlichen Orte. (X 5) A - D (X 5) E - M (X 5) N (X 5) O - W ( - ) Register derer in dieser Carte befindlichen Oerter. ( - ) Herrschafft Gera. ( - ) Herrschafft Unter-Graitz. ( - ) Herrschafft Ober-Graitz. Noch andere Graefl. Reusische Hauptorte sind ( - ) Einband ( - ) Einband ( - ) Farbkeil ( - )
The College Mefcufy. Toh. iv. GETTYSBURG, PA., MAY, 1896. No. 3. THE COLLEGE MEfiCUfiY, Published each month during the college year by the Students of Pennsylvania (Gettysburg) College. STAFF. Editor: D. EDGAR RICE, '96. Associate Editors : EDNA M. LOOMIS, '96. GRAYSON Z. STUP, '96. ;IENRY W. BIKLE, '97. WEBSTER C. SPAYDE, '96. ILLIAM E. WHEELER, '97. HERBERT D. SHIMER, '96. ROBBIN B. WOLF, '97. Alumni Association Editor: REV. D. FRANK GARLAND, A. M,, Baltimore, Md. Business Manager: WILLIAM G. BRUBAKER, '96. Assistant Business Manager: E. A. ARMSTRONG, '97. m™™. /One volume (ten months). . . . $1.(10 limns. |slngiecopies . . . .15 Payable in advanco. Ml Students are requested to hand us matter tor publication. The Alumni and ex-members or the College will tavor us by fending Information concerning their whereabouts or any Items hey may think would be Interesting tor publication. &U subscriptions and business matters should be addressed to he business manager. {Matter Intended for publication should be addressed to the Editor Address, THE COLLEGE MERCURY, Gettysburg, Pa. CONTENTS. DITORIALS, 32 JEED BUT NOT FREE, 35 ETURN OF PERSEPHONE. 37 HAD TO Go, 38 OLLEGE I.OCALS, 38 LUMNI NOTES, 41 THLETICS, 42 MATERNITY NOTES, 43 OWN AND SEMINARY NOTES, 44 ■ITERARY SOCIETIES, - - - • 45 EDITORIAL. With this number of the MERCURY the pres-ent staff completes its editorial work, and gives it over to its successors. Although the duties of our position have at times been trying, and there is a feeling of relief comes with the thought of being freed from them, yet the pleasure and profit connected with the position have been great, and the training and experi-ence have been well worth the trouble. We can hardly hope to have pleased all in the discharge of what we have considered our duty, but whatever failures of this kind may have been made are not chargeable to an ab-sence of the desire to please. Neither have we measured entirely up to the standard we had placed before us, and yet considering the small support which the staff receives from the student body, we believe they have done all that could reasonably be expected of them. The greater part of our support has come from members of the lower classes, and we hope that those who have begun to take an interest in the MERCURY will not grow weary, but will make even greater efforts in behalf of the new staff. The MERCURY, it must be remembered, is almost the only representative of the college among our alumni and other colleges, and to make a creditable showing it requires the hearty co-operation of all. * * * THE recent cowardly attack on two of our students, in which both were seriously injured, the one possibly being permanently disabled, is but an extreme case of the danger and in-sults to which we are daily exposed on the streets of Gettysburg. The students never molest any of the people of the town nor make themselves disagreeable in any way, and yet it is a very common occurrence for them to be 33 THE COEkEGE MERCURY. made the objects of insulting language, and sometimes even of personal injury. In winter, when there is snow on the ground, they are constantly made the targets of the small boy with his snow ball, and it becomes absolutely dangerous to walk along the streets, even when the supposed guardians of the peace are in full view of all that is occuring. The students expect nothing more of the town officials than protection in their rights to walk the streets unmolested, and if the authorities are too careless to guarantee these rights, it is time that strong steps be taken, and an example be made of some one. It is to be hoped that the perpetrators of the recent outrage be punished with the full penalty of the law, and that the rough element of the town be shown that even though only stud-ents, we yet have rights which the authorities are bound to protect for us. We do not de-sire to incur the enmity of any one, but we feel that our rights should be defended, let the consequences be what they may. * * * As we look forward to the end of the term, the query presents itself, what kind of a com-mencement will we have. It is a fact which must be admitted, that for the last several years there has been a noticeable lack of in-terest in the exercises of commencement week. Fewer of our alumni attend, than were present on former occasions, and some who come on special business, leave again before the final exercises. The students who remain feel more as if the college were closed for some sad occasion than that they are celebrating the close of another year's work. It is rather hard to acconnt for this lack of interest, but we are inclined to believe that it is due, in part, at least, to the regretable want of harmony which exists in the church in re-gard to Pennsylvania College. For one who is not very familiar with the inner workings of the matter it is by no means easy to see the good which is being done by this division of opinions, and even less easy to decide who is in the right. Of one thing, however, we feel quite certain, and that is that the sooner a compromise of some kind is effected, the better it will be for the college. Our institution is not in a condition at the present to remain un-injured by a conflict which is so fundamental, and the small attendance at commencements is not the greatest of the evils which arise from it. Another possible reason which may be of-fered as explaining the decline in the interest of commencement has been the lack of spirit of our students. All seem to be content to move along in an uneventful way, without an effort to enliven things. There are hopeful signs, however, that we are gradually awakening, and we believe that the students will do what they can this year to add to the pleasures of the week. Preparations are being made for field day sports, and the outlook is quite en-couraging. And in this connection we would again suggest that arrangements be made by the alumni to have several class reunions at that time. We have received several letters from alumni, urging this matter strongly. THE sixty-fourth annual catalogue of the college has recently been issued in its usual good form. The enrollment shows a very en-couraging increase, and we believe it is only twelve less than the highest enrollment we j have ever had. The college and graduate de-partments have the same number as last year, with an increase of ten in preparatory, making the total 227. As the Senior class this year is less than half the size of last year's class, the prospects are that next fall the number of | students will be greater than ever before. A noticeable improvement in the catalogue I is that the street address of students living in the town is given, instead of simply the name of the family with which they live. We would also call special attention to the description of the new course in anatomy under Dr. Stanley, which has been added during the last year. We are pleased to see that the MERCURY has I THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 34 [for the first time received a notice in the cata-logue. CONSIDERABLE dissatisfaction has been ex-pressed among the students with the careless way in which our athletics are being con- I ducted. Of the three games of base ball we have played thus far, we have succeeded in winning but one, and that was almost en- Itirely through the work of our pitcher, who [did so well as to leave the fielders very little to do. Of course, defeats are to be expected, and i are excusable when suffered at the hands of stronger teams, but when it is plainly seen that they are the result of want of practice, jthey are not excusable. The principal cause of complaint is that the practicing of our team is not done at all sys-tematically. Instead of being arranged in their positions, and required to do regular ' work, the players are allowed to do almost as they please, and only the better players get the practice, while those who need it most are being neglected. If the team wants the sup-port of the students, it must get down to work, and at least show that it is making its best ef-forts. Then if defeat comes it will be excus- ! able. About the same criticism is applicable to the [relay team which was sent to Philadelphia on ; April 25th. The general sentiment of the students before the race was that we had very poor hopes of winning, and the reasou for thinking so was that the team did not have sufficient practice. Since the race we are in-formed that if better preparation had been made, we would have had good prospects of winning. It may be consoling to think that, [but we feel that it shows very poor manage-ment to go to the expense of sending a team [to the contest, when we were conscious before-hand that it had not had as much practice as it might have had. It surely does not help our reputation much to enter the contest and Icome out in third place. It would have been much better to remain out entirely. If our athletic association would have a full treasury, it might be able to furnish these lit-tle pleasure excursions to its members, with-out seriously noticing it, but with the heavy expenses of our new athletic field on our hands, and when all our students are doing what they can to remove the debt, it looks like extravagance to incur the expenses of the relay contest, when no one expected our team to win. It is little wonder that the students are unwilling to make sacrifices for the athletic field, when so little economy is used in dis-pensing the funds contributed. We think that until this debt is paid, the management should be careful that every cent goes where it will do the most good. * * * IF an)' one has, from any reason, gone through college with an inadequate prepara-tion, it is his duty to warn others against this evil. Some may plead lack of time and money,' but let them think long before they enter upon any work for which they are not fully pre-pared. It will be done with small profit and less pleasure. What is the aim of a college course ? Is it to get through as quickly as possible or is it to know something ? The years of preparation are the ones that tell all through college life and all through the life afterwards. Two years of good drill when beginning the languages are worth more than two years of extra reading afterwards, without the drill. And the preparation in other branches is no less important. A good preparation is the key ; it has the power to unlock all the treas-ures of learning. Slight any other part of the course rather than this. L- * * * THE advantages and disadvantages ofexam-inations have been discussed until the ques-tion is an old one. But, to a body of students, the question is one, that, though old, is ever new. Examinations are, to some extent, a test of scholarship; but they are not the test that they might be. In many cases, over work and excitement unfit the student for his task 35 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. and he cannot do himself justice. At the end of the term, he is compelled to do an extra amount of hard work; and, when examinations are over, he is worn out, mentally and physi-cally. Besides this disadvantage, nothing af-fords such a temptation to dishonest work as examinations do. Too often, the idea is to "get through," and it does not matter much how it is done. So far as scholarship is con-cerned, any teacher usually knows from the daily recitations, about how his students stand. It may be said that the reviews pre-ceding examinations are valuable. This may be conceded, but might we not have the re-views, and with just as much profit, if they were not made solely for the sake of the exam-inations ? Some colleges have a system of examination that does not involve cramming for days and nights beforehand. The students never know when an examination is coming and so they never prepare especially for one. It may come any day, and so they do not leave all their work for the end of the term ; it is quite nec-essary to work regularly every day and it goes without saying that this is the work that counts. May it not be that examinations con-ducted in this way are a better test of scholar-ship, and better in every respect? It seems to us that if cramming and worrying and dishon-est work could be done away with, there would be a better chance of attaining the true end of examinations. L. * * * PRESENT REQUIREMENT FOR ADMISSION TO COLLEGES.—Not long since Prof. Ira Rem-sen delivered an address before the Johns Hop-kins university graduates, in which he took the ground that the present requirements for admission to our leading American colleges are too great, and should be modified. As at present, it is scarcely possible for a young man desiring to engage in one of the professions, to complete his course upon reaching his major-ity. A very few may, by reason of special ad-vantages in his life, be able to do so, but the many cannot. A young man will take his bachelor's degree at twenty-two. If he desires to fit himself for the medical profession, he must now pursue a further four years course, and should he desire special preparation, as many young men are ambitious to obtain, he will be close to the thirties before he is ready for his profession. The same is true of the law, and of the ministry. Might it not be well to require less in the number of subjects upon which examination is required for admission, and if possible, demand a greater degree of | thoroughness in preparation. Educators in general seem to agree in this, that our colleges are too much mingling with collegiate meth-ods university features, and so are raising the standard of admission too high for the average student seeking a collegiate education. The method leads to what is termed "coaching" for examination, which cannot be other than hurtful to the student. Preparatory work is all-important, but quality, rather than quan-tity, ought to be the aim. It is not the amount of Latin a man may have lead which ought to qualify him for admission to college, but the amount of Latin he knows. You cannot meas-ure knowledge by the yard-stick. A well-trained memory, thoroughness and accuracy— these are of the highest importance in the preparation for the pursuit of a collegiate edu-cation. G. FREED, BUT NOT FREE. Joel Chandler Harris, in one of his short stories called "Free Joe and the rest of the World," gives a short sketch of a freed negro | in ante-bellum days. Free Joe was shabby, poor, and almost friendless. Who cared for a ragged negro with a little dog trotting at his heels ? The better class of whites did not; they had their own negroes to care for, the I lower class were far above him because of their | color, and made him an exile. To them all, he was an object of suspicion. Poor, humble I Joe was freed, and, therefore, a subtle danger was lurking in all he did or said. THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 36 One, only one, was a friend to Free Joe. iThat was his wife, and she belonged to a slave [owner who did not allow "free niggers" on [his premises. For a long time the two met in Ithe woods near the Calderwood plantation, (but Mr. Calderwood found this out and hur- Iried Lucinda off to the cit}' where he sold her. Free Joe knew nothing of this. Night after night he waited under the old tree, but his {wife came no more. His simple heart never doubted Lucinda, but he could not understand Bier absence. He consulted a wise fortune-jteller who gave him no encouragement. Once [more he went back to the old trysting place ; perhaps she would come this time. He was so Inear the Calderwood plantation that he could [hear the darkies singing, and he almost thought he could distinguish Lucinda's voice. [There he sat all night; morning found him in Ithe same place with his head bowed upon his [breast. Was he asleep, dreaming of the Lu- [cinda who never came ? A white man, pass-ing by, shook him roughly but he did not [waken. The story-teller says; "His clothes jwere ragged, his hands rough and callous; his Bhoes literally tied together with strings; he Iwas shabby in the extreme. A passer-b}', [glancing at him, could have no idea that such [a humble creature had been summoned as a witness before the Lord God of Hosts." What was Free Joe's freedom to him? He Iwas an outcast even from his own race while [white people looked on him as less than a elave. His only friend beside a poor little dog Iwas an enslaved wife, and she was separated from him forever. He was affectionate and [hopeful, but he was also ignorant and super-stitious. There was no opening for Free Joe; lie had no talents, no friends, no ambition. 3orn and trained in slavery, in freedom he vas helpless. Free Joe is a type of the great class of ne-roes who, at the end of the Civil War were ireed men, but not free. At the Atlanta Ex-position was a plaster cast, made by a colored San. It represents a powerful negro with tragments of chains clinging to his limbs, and it bears the legend: "The chains are broken, but not off." The Emancipation proclamation was only the beginning of freedom for the colored race. It was the breaking, but not the removal of their fetters. They had black skins, and woolly hair, they were Africans; they had been slaves; therefore, they were despised. Not one of them had ever known a home in the true sense of the word. Their families were not their own. Their work had always been done at the command of others; they had no habits of industry and no sense of responsi-bility. They were careless and happy, affec-tionate and emotional. They were a race born under sunny skies in a tropic land, trained in the school of slavery, and then sent out to make their way among energetic, educated white people. Was the negro lazy and im-provident ? Why should he be otherwise ? Was he ignorant ? Slaves had no use for learning ; not even as much as the "three R's." Behind these people were generations of heathen life in Africa and generations of slavery in Amer-ica. Before them, what? When they were freed, they had very crude ideas of what that freedom meant, while only a few of the white people cared what it meant. While they were slaves they had learned one thing, and that was to reverence the white man's God. The negro is and always has been, religious. Even when he was worship-ing idols in his old heathen home, he was nevertheless religious. Now, his worship has been turned in the right direction, and the ne-groes are not only Christians, but Protestant Christians. This much the white man has done for him. What else has been undertaken for the sake of his progress ? He has been given the ballot, but he has not been allowed • its free use. If politicians cannot get round the law in one way they can in another. "The negro is not fitted for the rights of citizenship," they say, when they fear he is about to vote with the other party. But other benefits be-side the negro's political salvation have been attempted. Some are taken back to Africa 37 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. and placed in settlements, when missionaries ; teach them how to civilize their wild brethren, j "Africa is their home" it is said, "and that is the only place where they can develop." Others are educated here, and that education is enough to make one groan. In some schools they are found studying higher mathematics, when they do not know arithmetic, and Greek and Latin, regardless of the fact that they do not yet comprehend plain English. This pleases them, of course. With all their love for display and aptness for imitation, they feel that they are having "white studies" now. Their friends think their advancement is mar-vellous: Their teachers—if their teachers had more sense and courage, the pupils would get what they need, rather than what they want. But some are beginning to see the needs of the colored people and are establishing schools for them on a diffeient plan. Schools where they are given a practical training for a prac-tical life. Where they learn to be mechanics, architects, and whatever else a community needs. . They learn to do all kinds of work, and, more than this, they learn how to work every day. -They learn English, too, and after that, as much more as they can and will. When the negroes were freed, they were like children, and they were at the mercy of the civilized and cultured, but often selfish, white race. In many instances nothing has been done in the way of training them. In most cases when anything has been done, it has been in the form of experiment. One plan after another has been tried until Booker T. Washington, himself a negro, has adopted this plan of practical education; of giving his peo-ple just what they need; both industrial and intellectual training. Despised, neglected, and ■the subject of experiment, is it any wonder that the average negro does not yet stand be-side the average white man ? He has borne much at the hands of the white man; the one whose duty it is to befriend and teach him. White men brought the negroes to these shores and made them slaves; in a great political crisis they were presented with freedom; thrown upon their own resources when they had no resources. We, whose fathers favored or permitted slavery, owe it to the freed slaves to give him what recompense we can. He cannot change the color of his skin and become a white man; neither can he change his nature to that of the white man. He must always be himself; but when that self has been trained and developed, it will not be the lazy, careless self of the present day. The past thirty years mark much improvement, even under great disadvantages. Leaders have risen from among their own race and the habits of slavery are disappearing. But they cannot be white people; they must develop in their own way and keep their own individu-ality. Thus, and only thus, can they rid themselves of their broken chains. But the chains are falling; and we may look for the day when the negro will step forth, no longer a freedman, but a free man, and take his place among the great and good of the nation. In the meantime, the least that we can do, is to see that we put no occasion for stumbling in our neighbor's way. E. M. L-, '96. ♦ ♦ ♦ RETURN OF PERSEPHONE. Demeter decks the wood in green To greet Persephone, She carpets with a verdant sheen Each meadow, lawn and lea ; And every field and forest scene She brightens, silently. She bids the tiny bud unfold, The merry robin, sing ; The violet forget the cold. The arbutus upspring; The crocus too, in cup of gold, Its sweetest tribute.bring. She watches, with an anxious eye. Each shifting shade and light, And scans the ever changing sky From morning until night; Now heavy clouds go floating by, And now the sun shines bright. Oh, for a breath of summer breeze. To wake the sleeping flowers ; Oh, for the shade of budded trees, The balm of April showers ; Oh, for the green of grassy leas, For "glad and golden hours ! Oh, Earth, no more in silence be, In deepest, darkest night; Break forth in streams of melody, THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 38 Press onward to the light, Then shall my lost Persephone Return, all fair and bright. Persephone, Persephone, For many dreary days My heart has wandered, seeking thee In dark and desert ways. Persephone, come back to me, And fill my life with praise ! I hear her foot-step on the hills, Her smile the flowers hold ; Her laughter ripples in the rills, Sunshine, her hair of gold. Her sweetness all the Springtime fills With beauty never told. She comes. Her footsteps press the grass. And flowers spring beneath, And bloom, a perfect, perfumed mass, Her queenly brow to wreathe. The wild birds greet her, as they pass. And sweetest carols breathe. Oh, Earth, bring all thy treasures sweet, The flowers of the lea, And scatter at her fairy feet Who cometh now to me. And sea and sky grow fair, to greet Returned Persephone. A. R.W.,'99. IT HAD TO GO. 'Twas late at night, the halls were dark. All Freshmen were asleep. When slowly through the darkened halls The Sophs were heard to creep. They slowly wound their way around Until they reached Joe's door, And then they stopped and listened long ; At last they heard him snore. A knock awoke him from sweet dreams To things more real iu life. He learned the object of their call He saw their sharpened knife. Disguised with masks, they made for him In such a " friendly " way, That made him shake though half awake And beg them not to stay. "Take what you will, I'll pay the bill," (Combined strength Joseph feared), "There's only one thing that I ask, And that is, save my beard." A smile passed round the gathered mob, Then came the verdict, slow : "Sir, we decided 'ere we came Your beard would have to go." Then quick the knife sped o'er his face Held firm by willing hands, And in the morn Joe found his beard Was scattered like the sands. H.M.C. I On Thursday, April 9th, Mr. Beaver, trav-eling Sec'y of the State for the Y. M. C. A., Iwas here looking after the interest of the work. COLLEGE LOCALS. GRAYSON Z. STUP and ROBBIN B. WOLF, Editors. you come so Hot weather. Spring fever. New MERCURY staff elected. Bums put much big curve on ball for In-dian. Musselman and Armstrong have the strong-est room in college. "Why, darling, why did late?" Kitzmeyer, '98, is confined to his home with sickness. The Juniors are working hard on their ora-tions for the oratorical contest. The ten speakers for commencement are as follows : Rice,"England's Policy in Turkey;" Eisenhart, Valedictor}^; Miss Eoomis, "Liter-ature of the Home;" Stup, Salutatory; Shinier, "Revival of Olympic Games;" Spayde, "Christianity and the Working Classes;" Shaar, "The Earth a Remnant;" Reitzell, "The Primacy of the United States in the Western Hemisphere;" Baum, "Municipal Reform;" Loudon, "Cecil Rhodes." The Octet and Violin Quartet are contem-plating a trip to Millersburg in May. They are prepared to give a good concert. A good job for an overworked student : Plucking the dandelions out. of the grass on the campus. Two Sophomores, cogitating over Dr. B.'s head, propounded the following conumdrum : Why is Dr. B.'s head like a hound ? Because it makes a little hair go a great way. E.,'99—Oh! Mr. F., the MERCURY says that if anyone has a dispute that cannot be settled amiably he shall call around to 29 W. He must have been thinking of the amiable girls. B.,'99—What are you reading? There, you are designating the Sabbath again ! S.,'99—Who is the author of Milton's "Par-adise Dost?" H., '97—' 'Shakespeare, of course.'' A., '97, While walking up the street dur-ing vacation, was reading Spectrum proof, and not noticing a shoot that was conveying coal 39 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. into a cellar he fell over it, breaking it down, and at the same time considerably disturbing his own equanimity. A passer-by said it was possible to hear the coal hustler hurl all sorts of expletives, dashes, and question marks af-ter the editor. Shortly after the term opened two Sophs overslept themselves on Sunday evening, and finding their appetites too strong they decided to call at the store and get some apples. They knew the girls would let them have them, so they went without collars. When they got there, however, the ladies insisted that they should come in, which they finally agreed to do until the apples were procured. While sitting there, with coat collars turned up, L. said : F., why don't you put down your coat collar ? This was too much for the modest young man, and he blushed. Mr. H., '99, believes in the motto that "Bet-ter the day, better the deed," having arisen one Sunday morning at 5 o'clock to study a declamation. The report is circulated that Mr. C.,'99, has been kidnapped by the Millersville authorities. We hope he may enjoy this experience better than his previous one. Mr. K.,'99, has been blessed with his third set of teeth, which he finds very troublesome, especially when he wishes to flirt. He had a slight experience in that line, recently. For further information, apply to Josey. Mr. E., Prep., recently astounded a young lady by the remark that his mother expected him to bring an American wife with him when he returned. Sammy is doing pretty well, but he must remember he is not yet ready to return to Persia. Mr. B., '99, would like meditetaneous speaker. Mr. S.,'99, during vacation remarked to some lady friends : "Oh, I'm naturally bright in languages, and I read French at sight. Dr. M. begs leave to differ. If "conceit were consumption" he'd be dead this long time. to become a good Mr. W.,'99, on account of his "lovely hair," has found favor in the eyes of the '99 co-ed. The "son of an eminent divine" has so far advanced in his manhood that he can now go around with a pipe in his mouth and not get sick. Bravo ! Luther. Nearly all the Seniors have taken leave of their moustaches. The object is to make the class appear as young as possible. Those who I kept their moustaches were afraid that they could never raise another one. Mr. H., '99 was seen, or rather heard, at a late ball game with a deaf .young lady. The conversation ran somewhat as follows: He— "Is'nt that a fine pitcher?" She—"No, I don't think it will rain." One of the Juniors, who had ruined his eyes the night before, by writing fine print, was unusually disappointed to hear that the exam-ination was excused. The committee appointed by the board of trustees in regard to Dr. McKnight's resigna-tion, met in the reception room of the recita-tion hall last Tuesday morning. Nothing is known as to their action. The Spectrum will be out in a few days. The publishers have had the material for some time and will send the books about the first week in May. There will be a few extra copies. If you have not subscribed, you should do so at once. Again work in gymnasium has been deserted. Tennis and base ball, how-ever, have more than replaced it. Tennis spirit is running high. Nearly seventy of the boys have entered the tournament. Baseball is also getting its share of enthusi-asts. Very exciting and close class games are expected. At noon on Wednesday, April 29th, Miss Margaret Grayson Valentine, daughter of Dr. Milton Valentine, professor of theology in the Seminary, was united in marriage to Mr. Henry W. Siegrist, of Lebanon. The cere-mony occurred at the home of the bride, and was performed by Dr. Valentine, assisted by the bride's brother, Rev. Milton H. Valentine. The bridal procession was composed of the groom and his best man, two bridesmaids, the maid of honor, and the bride, leaning on the arm of her brother, Sterling Valentine, and marched to the altar to the strains of Tann-hauser's wedding march. The room in which the ceremony was per-formed was decorated most beautifully with apple blossoms, producing a charming, as well as novel effect. The wedding was very largely attended, and the presents were especially numerous | and handsome. THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 40 After congratulations were extended to the newly-married pair, most elegant refreshments were served to the guests. The bride and groom started on their tour on the afternoon train on the W. M. R. R. The MERCURY unites with their many friends in extending congratulations and best wishes. It is reported that a midnight flitting took I place at Prep, a few _ evenings ago. Some of the Preps, thinking that the attractions were too great for Mr. E., 1900, kindly helped him i to move. We are sorry to learn that the rooms sought for by Mr. E. were occupied, and Mr. E. was compelled to move back with all his possessions. The MERCURY extends its sympathy. At last things have come to an end, or, at least we hope so, in the line of fights. On Friday night, April 18, as Messrs. Smith, '98, land Spayde, '99, were returning to college, after having been up town for something to eat, they were stopped at the depot by three town fellows, who demanded "a dime to rush the growler." They were refused, when they followed our men down to and inside the col-i lege gates, where they made a desperate as-sault on them. One of the assailants, King, {by name, had a knife, and succeeded in cutting ;'both Smith and Spayde. Finally, the fight was ■ interrupted by the appearance of other college Imen on the scene, and the town men then withdrew. On account of not knowing the names of the assailants, warrants could not be issued as soon as needful, and King managed to escape for the time being. All three men jhave now been caught, tried and convicted. ■There is no doubt but that the}' will receive a |just sentence. On Friday evening, April 25th,- the last of a Ivery good course of Y. M. C. A. entertain- Imeuts was given. Dr. Willits was the speaker lof the evening, and his subject was "Sunshine, lor How to Enjoy Eife." Quite a large num- Iber of people were present, and the lecture ■was enjoyed by all. Dr. S. [in physiology]—Which is the bet-ter, Mr. B., to live upon a mixed diet all the time, or upon one consisting of the same kinds I of food ? 'Chummie" B.,'99—Why, Doctor, if you |iat the same kind of food all the time, you'll [die sometime, won't you ? Dr. B. [In Greek]—What is a man ? Mr. R.,'99 -Man is a quadruped. "Capt." D., famous as a '99 foot-ball player, is calling on a girl, when the college bell is heard to ring,— THE GIRE—Mr. D., do you hear, the bell for study hour is ringing. Mr. D.—Oh, that's all right, they'll excuse me. THE GIRE—Well, I'll excuse you, too, Mr. D. Mr. M., '99, of New York fame, while in Physiology, enumerating the different parts through which the food must pass before reaching the stomach, grew eloquent, men-tioning the throat, the pharynx, the gullet, the liver, the lungs, and would have included the heart and the brains, had Dr. S. allowed him. Dr. S. [in physiology]—Mr. E., what word in the English language do we get from bicus-pids ? Son-of-an-emineut-divine—Cuspidor ! Dr. M.—How are consonants at the end of the words pronounced ? Mr. S.,'99—They are pronounced silent. Dr. B. [In Sophomore Botany class, hold-ing up a flower stalk]—Does this resemble grass ? Chorus, on back row—Yes, sir ; it's green. Dr. B.—There are other things besides grass that are green. Chorus, on back row—Yes, sir—Freshmen. Mr. F.,'98, in Greek class the other morn-ing furnished some entertainment by reading about Alexander and Meualaos fighting for "the woman with long spears." "Doc." E.,'98, recently convulsed several of his friends by referring to the spray, which he uses for cologne, as his "itemizer." Und no huts ihn gewunert fer was sie lacha ! Mr. S.,'99, on being told that the Odyssey treated of the wanderings of Ulysses, said he couldn't see how that could be, because his Mythology said that Homer wrote about the wanderings of Ulysses. These Freshmen are always so exact. Mr. H., '99, insists that coquette is pro-nounced croquet! Perhaps there is some re-lation between the two in the place from which he comes. Charles F., '98, has taken to chewing to-bacco, and if any fellow wants a chew he knows where to get it. Gold Rope, No Tax, Finzer's Old Honesty and Battle Axe are some -M THE COLLEGE MERCURY. of his favorites. We have heard it reported that he did not commence this detestable habit voluntarily, but that he was prevailed upon by his friends. One short sentence will tell the whole story. His sideburns arc no more. We all know who wore them; we all know who did the college the service of removing them; and we all know that we are very thankful. It is not necessary to add, that he looks a great deal better with-out them. What strange freaks of nature we do read about—worse than earthquakes and landslides. Mr. H., '98, the other clay in Bible astonished the class by saying that "the Taurus mount-ains flow westward into the Mediterranean sea!" "Jerry" F.,'98, recently in English litera-ture, made a slight mistake when he said that among the books of the Elizabethan period was one on "railways." Zullinger, '98, is at his home in Waynes-boro, suffering with a severe attack of rheu-matism. McAllister, '98, was also on the sick list for about a week and a half, but is again back to his work. The exhibition given by the Sons of Her-cules in the Gymnasium, Tuesday evening, April 21, was one of the best for some years. The audience, however, should have been much larger, and it is to be regretted that the fellows did not turn out as they should have done. The performance consisted mainly of mat work, with some work on the horizontal and parallel bars, and concluded with a three round sparring match between Bechtel, 1900 and Kahler, 1900. All the performances and figures were very skillfully executed, and the Sons of Hercules are to be congratulated upon their successful entertainment. "The floral tributes to the favorites were many and beau-tiful." Those who took part in the perform-ances are : Wiest, '95, Stup, '96, Krafft, '98, Fuss,' 98, Hermann,' 99, Brumbaugh, '99, Straw,'99, Kahler 1900 and Bechtel, 1900. The College Octette and the Violin Quartette furnished the music, which was well appreci-ated— especially by the gallery, who rendered their applause in a very vociferous manner when the Octette closed with "Away down South in old Virginia." /\LUw|Ni- II. D. SHIMER AND H. W. BIKLE, Editors. '68. Rev. L. M. Heilmau, D. D., pastor of the Lutheran church at Harrisburg, is deliver-ing a series of five illustrated lectures covering subjects of history, travel and science. '72. Rev. J. A. Koser will occupy the new-parsonage by May 1st, at Sioux City, la. '74. Rev. W. L. Remsberg, of Omaha, Neb., has been called to the Myersville charge in Frederick county, Md. '75. Rev. E. G. Hay, of Red Hook, N. Y., delivered his illustrated lecture on Gettysburg in Story and in Art, in the Lutheran church at Albany, Rev. Dr. G. M. Heindel, pastor, on April 29th. '75. Since Rev. E. D. Weigle, D. D., as-sumed the pastorate of Trinity Lutheran church, Meclianicsburg, January 1st, 1896, sixty persons have been added to the member-ship of the church, increasing the roll of mem-bers to over two hundred. '78. Rev. A. R. Glaze has changed his ad-dress from Gordon to Maple Hill, Pa. '80. Rev. G. W. McSherry, of Taneytown, Md., has resigned. This leaves one of the most important charges in the Maryland Synod vacant. '82. The second edition of "Practical Exer-cises in English," by Rev. Prof. Huber Gray Buehler, published some months since by Harper Brothers, is now going through the presses. The author is at present engaged in the preparation of another book of an educa-tional character. '82. Rev. H. H. Weber, General Secretary of our Church Extension Board, immediately after the last meeting of the Board, suffered a relapse, and is now at his home, unable to leave it. It is thought the heavy work before Eas-ter is the cause. '82. Rev. H. L. Jacobs has resigned his charge at Hanover. His many friends and acquaintances will regret to lose him as a citi-zen, while his congregation must doubly re-gret their loss of a gifted pulpit orator and a faithful and earnest pastor. Mr. Jacobs will l go to Tyrone. '83. Field Secretary Rev. H. L. Yarger, of j the Church Extension Board, is visiting all ■ the churches of the General Synod in Califor- I nia. THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 42 '84. Rev. Geo. E- Faber, A. M., has pub-lished in tract form, a patriotic discourse, which he delivered before Wayne Council, No. 46, Jr. O. U. A. M., Nov. 24, 1895. Thesub-j jectof his discourse is "Four Horns and Four [ Carpenters.'' '88. Rev. D. Frank Garland, pastor of the Church of the Reformation, Baltimore, Md., has published a neat card of his special servi- Ices now being held. '91. Rev. Chas. Ritter, of Fayetteville was recently in town visiting H. T. Weaver and family. '91. Rev. W. G. Slifer, of Idaville, has re-ceived and accepted a unanimous call to St. John's Lutheran church of Davis, W. Va., j and will take charge in the near future. '91. Rev. August Pohlman, our medical [missionary-elect to Africa, was graduated from the Baltimore Medical College on commeuce- Imentday, April 22d. He had the honor of having been chosen class valedictorian. '91. Rev. Stanley Billheimer preached in [Bethlehem Lutheran church, Harrisburg, on Sunday, April 12. '93. Rev. W. H. Ehrhart, of the Gettys-burg Seminary, has been called to Silver Run, [Md. '93. Rev. John C. Grimes has been asigned Jto the Greencastle charge, Greencastles, Pa., [by the Central Pa., M. E. Conference. '95. Ivan L- Hoff has been admitted to the Ibar of Carrol county, Md., and is building up a good clientage. ATHLETICS. WILLIAM E. WHEELER. Editor. The base ball season was opened April 17th, by the game with Washington and Jefferson, Ion the home grounds. The game was quite Ian exciting one on account of the opportune jbatting on both teams. W. and J. made two |runs in their half of the third inning, and by a nome-run hit of Tate, Gettysburg tied the score in the second half of the third. Two nore runs were added to each nine in the fifth inning, and again enthusiasm ran high. W. and J., by bunching their hits in the sixth and seventh, added five more runs, and this lead IGettysburg was unable to overcome, and al-though adding three more to their favor, they were defeated by a score of nine to seven. The make-up of the home team was somewhat uncertain until the day for the game, and their playing was very good, only two errors being made. Rogers, for W. and J., pitched the better game, allowing Gettysburg but six hits. For the "blue and orange" Sheely and Tate led at the bat, while Heisey and Eicher carried off the honors for the visitors. Being the first game of the season, a large crowd was present, and between innings the Gettysburg band played appropriate strains. The following is the score in detail : GETTYSBURG. R H PO A White, 3b 0031 Sheel}', lb 1260 Leisenring, ss. 3 o o 6 'rate, c 1270 Wolf, e.f 0110 Hartzell, l.f. 0060 Huttou, r.f 0020 Wisotzski, r.f. 1 1 o o Courtney, p 1003 Licht'b'rg'r^b 0020 w AND j. R Nesbit, ib 2 Hughes, ss 1 Heisey, rf 2 Eicher, 3b 1 Moore, cf o Rogers, p o Thomson, c. . 1 Beason, 2b o Gamble, If 2 Totals 9 13 27 14 7 lotals 7 6 27 10 2 Earned runs—Gettysburg, 4; W. and J., 7. Two-base hits- Gettysburg, 1; W. and J., 1. Three-base hits—w. and J., i- Home runs—Gettysburg, 1. Stolen bases—Gettysburg, 5; w. and J., 6. Double plays—Hughes, Beason, Nesbit. Struck out—by Gettysburg, 6; by W. and J., 8. Passed balls—Thom-son, 2. Time of game—2,30. Umpire—Donald McPherson. The home team was again defeated on the 18th of April, at Lancastei,by the Franklin and Marshall team, by a score of nine to noth-ing. Inability to hit F. and M.'s pitcher, a State League man, was the cause of defeat. Gettysburg put up a pretty game in the field, and supported Burns in fine style. The latter struck out fourteen men, creating for himself an enviable record against F. and M.'s hard hitters. He allowed them but eight scattered hits. Harr did the best batting for F. and M., and Sheely and Leisenring for Gettysburg. The game was without any distinguishing fea-tures, since both teams showed considerable weakness at the bat. Cremer and Kready did the best fielding for F. and M. The fol-lowing is the score : GETTYSBURG. White, 3b Sheely, ib Leisenring, 2b Mulhall. c Diehl, cf Wisotzki, ss. Wolf, r. f Burns, p Hartzell, 1. f. R H PO Oil 013 o 1 3 o o 14 F, & M. R H PO A Hambright, 3b. 1 o 2 2 Cremer, c 2193 Sheckard, p I 1 2 1 Barthol'm'w.ib o 1 8 1 Sheibley, 2b I o 3 1 Gillan, cf 2120 Harr, rf 0210 Helman, If 1 1 o o Kreads', ss 1 1 o 2 Total o 3 23* 7 4 Total 9 8 27 10 ♦Sheckard out-hit by batted ball. Earned runs—F. and M., 1. Two-base hits—F. and M., 3. Double plays—Sheibley aud Bartholomew. Base on balls— Gettysburg, 1 ; F. and M" 6. Hit by pitched ball—Gettysburg, 1; F. and M., 2. Struck out—Burns, 14; by Sheckard, 8. Passed balls—Mulhall, 1. Time of game—2.05. Umpire—Mr. G arwood. 43 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. The third game of the season resulted in a decided victory for Gettysburg, whose oppon-ent was the strong nine from the Carlisle In-dian school. As is usual in all games with this institution, a large and appreciative crowd was present. The grand stands were filled. It was an ideal clay for base ball, and both teams entered the game with a de-termination to win. Stung by the two previ-ous defeats, Gettysburg made every effort to retrieve lost reputation at the expense of the Indians. But seven innings were played, to enable the visiting team to catch a train for home, and in that time Burns had them en-tirely'at his mercy, allowing the Indians but three hits. His ups and downs and deceptive, ins and outs were too much for the heavy hit-ters from Carlisle. Seventeen men fanned the air in vain attempts to hit the ball. Both teams played a pretty game in the field. Tate led at the bat for Gettysburg, getting three out of the five hits made. Jamison and Shelafo were the only ones able to touch Burns. Score in detail : GETTYSBURG. White, 3b 1 Sheely, ib o Leisenring, ss. 0 Tate, c 1 Wolf, cf 1 Hnrtzell, If o Licht'b'ger, 2b. o Hums, p o Mutton.rf o R II PO A 18 I 5 2I INDIANS. R H TO A Pierce, ib 0050 Roger, cf 0030 Shelafo, p 1203 Archiquette, If o o 2 o Jamison, 2b. o ] jackson, rf o Yrobe. ss o Louis, 3b o o Spenser, e o o o o o 1 Total. Earned runs—Gettysbnrg, 2. Total 1 3 18 7 3 Two-base hits—Indians, I" Stolen bases—Gettysburg, 2; Indians, 2. Double plays—Louis. Jamison, Pierce. Base on balls-Gettysburg, 3. Hit by pitched ball—Gettysburg, 1; Indians, I. Struck out—By Burns, 17; by Shelafo, 4. Time of game—1.55. Umpire-Paul Kuendig. The need of a good track team was clearly shown by the recent participation on the part of Gettysburg in the relay races held at Frank-lin Field, University of Pennsylvania on the 25th ult. With proper and sufficient training we could have undoubtedly won in our event; as it was our team secured third place. Many benefits are derived from such meets and the good obtained shows itself in subse-quent races. The meeting with the college athletic world, the exchanging of plans and purposes by the different men and coaches are of an inestimable benefit to any team, and es-pecially to our own team. Track work has hitherto been a minus quantity at Gettysburg and only an occasional spur would cause any-thing like a revival of the true athletic spirit. The result of this, our first participa-tion in relay racing, should not be disregarded, but all energy and power exerted to put into 1 the field a strong representative track team. This is the intention of the management and it should meet the hearty co-operation and sup-port of the students. Arrangements are now being made for a "field day" during com-mencement week. Further notice and needs will be made known. The prospects for our foot ball team next i year are now engaging the attention of the management. During the next few weeks the i old men as well as new ones will get out on i the field and practice kicking, running and I falling on the ball. This practice is absolutely I necessary for a successful team, and though a I little earlier than usual, means a great deal I toward the success of the eleven There is good material now in college and, with prom-ised accessions, our prospects for a winning team were never so bright. The manager is now arranging the schedule, and a number of dates have been secured. The drawings for the tennis tournament have not yet been made, but will be done in a few days. A greater number of entries have been secured this year than ever before. Manager Lark is working hard to make this tournament more successful financially and otherwise than previous ones; and from the entries and possible drawings a goodly number of close and exciting games will be witnessed. All tennis players should enter this tournament and uphold the record made by former players. FFJATERNHY NOTES. PHI KAPPA PSI. We were pleased to have among us recently for a few days, Rev. J. L. Smith, D. D., '62, ofPittsburg, Pa. F. G. Turner, '93, is studying law at the University of Maryland. Rev. J. G. Goetman, D. D., attended a com-mittee meeting held here several days since. Eisenhart and Reitzell, '96, are two of the ten speakers at the coming commencement, Eisenhart receiving the appointment of Vale-dictorian. E. W. Smith, '93, intends pursuing shortly a course of medicine at U. P. Paul F. W. Kuendig, '98, has been elected official umpire of the Cumberland Valley League. THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 44 PHI GAMMA DELTA. Bro. Walter H. Stifel, of Allegheny, Pa., was initiated on Tuesday, April 28th. We had the pleasure of entertaining Bros. Beason and Logan from W. and J. during the visit of their base ball team, Apr. 17. Bro. Swartz, '81, until recently pastor at Wilmington, Del., accepted a call to Pough-keepsie, N. Y. Bro. Fichthorn, '84, will sail from New York, June 24, on the Friesland, for a two months tour of England and Germany. Bros. Seabrook, '77, Gait, '85, and Anstadt, '90, were welcome visitors in Gettysburg re-cently. The following brothers were in town attend-ing the Siegrist-Valentine wedding last Tues-day : Hocker, '80, Valentine, '80, Stahler, '80, Valentine, '82, Alleman, '84, Fichthorn, '84, Kausler> '84, Miller, '85, DeYoe, '86, Garland, '88. Bro. Herr, ex-'97; is one of the performers [in the U. of P. "Mask and Whig" Club. Bro. Smith, '97, recently took a trip to Phila. on business in the interest of the Spec- : hum. Bros. Rice, Shaar and Baum are speakers chosen for Commencement. Bro. Norman Gait, '85, of Washington, D. C, was married to Miss Edith Boiling, at Wyethville, Va., Thursday morning, Apr. 30. Bro. H. R. Smith was recently elected Busi-ness Manager of the MERCURY for the coming I year. ALPHA TAU OMEGA. Rev. C. G. Bikle, '92, of Glen Gardner, N. J., paid the °hapter a visit, recently. Geo. A. Kyner, '89, of Chambersburg, Pa.,- was in Gettysburg some time ago. M. R. Zulliuger, '98, who was compelled to go home on account of sickness, has improved and will be back in a few weeks. Ralph L. Smith, '98, has gone home and will not return this term. W. E. Wheeler, '97; C. B. Erb, '97, andH. F. Grazier, '98, who were members of the relay team, report a fine time while at Phila-delphia, through the courtesy of Penn. Tau. F. S. Emmert, ex-'gs, has graduated from 1 Bellevue Hospital, New York, and is practic- | ing his profession there. Chas. H. Spayde, '99, was home for a few days, recently. PHI DELTA THETA. O. H. Melchor, '76, spent a few days in town recently. C. E. Reinewald, '85, paid us a visit on April 29th. J. C. Hughes and Alex. Eicher, of Penu'a Gamma, were the guests of the Chapter on April 17th and 18th. J. E. Meisenhelder,' 97, and J. W. Ott, '97, have been elected to positions on the MERCURY staff, the former as assistant business manager, and the latter as an associate editor. SIGMA CHI. . Emory L. Loudon, '87, of Altoona, Pa., paid the Chapter a Welcome visit April 29th. E. W. London, '96, was. one of the repre-sentatives from this college in the relay races at the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadel-phia, April 25th. He has also been chosen as one of the ten speakers for commencement. Frank Leisenring, '97, spent Saturday, 18th ult, at Lancaster, with the base ball team. TOWN ^D SEWIJNARY NOTES. WEBSTER C SPAYDE, Editor. TOWN. Among the bills passed by the New York Legislature and sent to Governor Morton for approval was one appropriating $25,000 for an equestrian statue at Gettysburg to Major Gen-eral H. W. Slocum. It is not at all. likely that the bill will be vetoed. Before many years the field will be dotted with works of sculptors. . The Senate has concurred in the House bill to improve the roads within the National Park at this place. Another observation tower is to be erected this summer. Sunday trains will likely be put on the Ship-pensburg, Carlisle and Gettysburg divisions of the Reading Railroad, again about the middle of May. The repair hands are getting the electric road in condition for operation. 45 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. The Union League of Philadelphia will be here on the 23rd and 24th of May on their an-nual excursion. At the oratorical contest between members of the Prohibition Club of the Seminary and College, held in the Court Room, Thursday, April 23d, J. S. Huddle, of the Seminary, was chosen to represent the association in the State contest, which will take place in Philadelphia, May 8th. The judges were Revs. T. P. Ege, Hugh Gilchrist and A. R. Steck and Wm. Arch McClean and D. P. McPherson, Esqs. The able and eloquent sermon of Rev. Dr. Billheimer in St. James Lutheran church on Sunday evening, April 26th was attended by over 100 members of Gettys Lodge of Odd Fellows in a body, and by an audience which crowded the spacious audience room. At a meeting of the Board of School Direc-tors Monday evening, April 27th, it was de-termined to buy from J. Emory Bair and Calvin Gilbert the tract of land which forms the triangle between the Chambersburg pike and the Springs road, from the railroad east to the monument. The price fixed is $1,500. Several architects have been notified of the in-tention to build, and plans are requested for a handsome, two-story brick building. SEMINARY. Rev. W. S. Oberholtzer, who was ill for quite a long time, is well again, and left for his home on Monday morning, April 27th. We extend to him our best wishes for the future. On Sunday, April 19th, Rev. Ervin Diet-erly preached at Greenvillage in the morning and at Fayetteville in the evening. Rev. L. H. Waring returned lately from Bloomington, 111., where he spent several weeks in mission work. Rev. L. B. Hafer preached for Rev. Jas. Guiney, at Cold Springs, Sunday, April 12th. On Sunday, April 12th, Rev. J. T. Huddle preached at Germantown, Pa. Rev. Charles P. Wiles has accepted a unan-imous call to the Rossville charge, York county. Rev. E. E. Neudewitz filled the pulpit for Rev. Weigle, at Mechanicsburg, on April 19. The joint council of the Myersville, Md., Lutheran charge has extended a call to Rev. Wilson L. Remsburg, of Omaha, Neb., to be-come their pastor, and it is understood that he will accept the call. Rev. Remsburg was graduated from the Gettysburg Seminary. The following Seminarians were out preach-ing on Sunday, April 26th : Rev. E. E. Par-son in the Messiah Lutheran church, Harris-burg ; Rev. C. P. Wiles at Rossville, York county, Pa.; Rev. A. A. Kelly at Mechanics-burg, Pa.; Rev. M. J. Kline in the Bethlehem Lutheran church, Harrisburg; Rev. L- F. Myers at Frederick, Md.; Rev. J. M. Guss in the Second Lutheran church, Carlisle ; Rev. J. C. Bowers at Lutherville, Md.; Rev. J. F. Crigler at Newport, Pa.; Rev. A. J. Rudisill at New Bloomfield, Pa.; Rev. Flavius Hilton at Martin's Creek, Pa., and Rev. W. H. Erhart at Silver Run, Md. LITERARY SOCIETIES. EDNA M. LOOMIS, Editor. PHILO. On Friday evening, April 17th, the Senior members of Philo Society, arra37ed in their gowns and mortarboards, followed the custom instituted by the class of '95, and rendered their valedictory program. Notwithstanding the great warmth of the evening, an unusually large audience assembled, and apparent^ were much pleased with the performance. The program was as follows : Instrumental Solo, - - - Miss DIEHL. Greeting, --- BADM. Roll Call, - RITTER. Essay, "Oratory as a Factor in Education," - - RICE. '96 on the Campus, REITZELL. Vocal Solo, - - - STOT. Poem, --- Miss LOOMIS. Oration, --- EISENHART. Retrospect, --- - MENGES. '96 on the Carpet, - ' - - - - CAKTY, Vocal Solo, - - - - - - REITZELL. '96 in I,ab., --- I,OUDO!(. Prophecy, --- YODER. Piano Solo, --- Miss DIEHL. At the close of the program, Mr. Stup, on behalf of the Senior members, presented the society with an excellent portrait of Dr. E. S. Breidenbaugh. The following men were elected to positions on the MERCURY staff for the ensuing year: Business Manager, H. R. Smith, '97; Asso-ciate Editors, S. J. Miller, '97; L- Kohler, '98; C. H. Tilp, '98; C. T. Lark, '98. The following officers were elected on Fri- THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 46 day evening, May 1st : Pres., Abel; V. Pres., Lark; Cor. Sec, Fuss; Rec. Sec, Herman; Treas., Fite; Critic, Miss Sieber; librarian, Englar; Ass't Librarian, Tilp; Subscriber for papers, Armstrong. PHRENA. On Friday evening, May 1, Phrena ren-dered the following special program before a large and attentive audience : Essay, "The Functions of the Farmers' Alliance,' Essay, "Woman's Eights," Essay, "The Complaints of the Populist Party," Music—Violin and Guitar, - - - - • - Recitation, "The Ship of Faith," Essay, "The Glory of the Democratic Party," Oration, "Why I am a Republican," Oration, "Why I am a Prohibitionist," Music—Violin and Guitar, - :- Oration, "The Know-Nothing Party," "Tang-an-ang-jeera," - Kline,'!!!) Finch,'98 0tt,'97 Manges Bros. Hickman,'99 - Spayde,'9C Shimer,'96 Brubaker,'9C Manges Bros. Woods,'98 - Weeter,'99 LITERARY QUESTIONS. Is Thomas Hardy now-a-days ? Is Rider Haggard pale ? Is Minot Savage ? Oscar Wilde ? And Edward Everett Hale ? Was Lawrence Sterne? Was Herman Grimm? Was Edward Young? John Gay? Jonathan Swift ? and old John Bright ? And why was Thomas Gray ? Was John Brown ? was J. A. White ? Chief Justice Taney quite? Is William Black ? R. D. Blackmore ? Mark Lemon? H. K. White? Was Francis Bacon lean in streaks ? John Suckling vealy, pray ? Was Hogg much given to the pen ? Are Lamb's tales sold to-day ? Did Mary Maple Dodge in time ? Did C. D. Warner ? How ? At what did Andrew Marvel so? Does Edward Whimper now ? What goodies did Rose Terry Cook ? Or Richard Boyle beside ? What gave the wicked Thomas Payne ? And made Mark Akenside ? Was Thomas Tickell-ish at all ? Did Richard Steel, 1 ask ? Tell me has George A. Sala suit? Did William Ware a mask ? Does Henry Cabot Lodge at home ? John Home Tooke what and when ? Is Gordon Cumming ? Has G. W. Cabled his friends again ?—Ex. DISAPPOINTED. T'd heard about the palisades ; One minute was enough To see that they were after all But one enormous bluff. —Yale Record. "My daughter," and his voice was stern, "You must set this matter right ; What time did the Sophomore leave, Who sent in his card last night? " "His work was pressing, father dear, And his love for it was great; He took his leave and went away Before a quarter of eight." Then a twinkle came to her bright blue eyes And her dimples deeper grew, " 'Tis surely no sin to tell him that, For a quarter of eight is two."—Ex. As Providence willed, By her bicycle killed, 'Twas thus that her epitaph ran : "In bloomers and cap Though sad the mishap She went to her death like a man."—Ex. A. G. SPALDIf k BROS "The Name is a Guarantee" that the article bearing it ia the best produced. Uniforms and Supplies of Every Description for. Base Ball = Tennis = Golf Send for Handsome Illustrated Catalogue. The Acme of Perfection— THE SPALDING BICYCLE FOP 1896. A. Q. Spalding & Bros., largest manufacturers of Bicycles and Athletic Goods in the world. NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA. CHICAGO. ADVERTISEMENTS. DURING VACATION GO TO CHAUTAUQUA p-R El El FULL INSTRUCTIONS. NO EXPERIENCE REQUIRED H. B. WILLIAMS, Secretary, Geneva, N. 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New Testament Greek and Hebrew in English Bible Department. Observatory, Laboratories and new Gymnasium. Four large buildings. All buildings heated with steam from central plant. Libraries, 25,000 volumes. Fine Museum. Expenses low. Department of Hygiene and Physical Culture in charge of an experienced physician. Accessible by frequent railroad trains. Location, on BATTLEFIELD of Gettysburg; most pleasant and healthy. PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT, in separate buildings, for boyj and young men preparing for business or college, under special care of the principal and three assistants, residing with students in the building. For full particulars, apply for catalogue to HARVEY w. MCKNIGHT, D. D., LL. D., PRES'T., Penirr,sjcl)\fainf,a &,QMe>%®<, Gettysburg1!, Pa»