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Porous carbons are important cathode materials for metal-air batteries, but the most usual methods to prepare these porous structures are complex and of high cost. We have prepared porous carbons from bacterial cellulose (BC) hydrogels by a simple water-alcohol solvent exchange before carbonization. Alcohol treatment facilitates looser and more open structures than untreated BC, resulting in porous carbon structures with high surface area, appropriate for electrochemical applications. Used as cathodes in lithium-oxygen batteries, the carbon derived from 1-butanol treated BC has excellent discharge capacity (5.6 mA h cm−2) and good cycle life. This work presents a sustainable, straightforward and fast way to prepare porous carbon materials from BC. ; This research was supported by the Spanish Government, through the "Severo Ochoa" Programme for Centers of Excellence in R&D (CEX2019-000917-S), the projects MAT2017-91404-EXP and RTI2018-096273-B-I00 and the PhD scholarships of S. R. (BES-2016-077533) with FEDER co-funding. W.W. gratefully acknowledges the support from the China Scholarship Council (CSC No.:201808340076). The authors participate in the SusPlast and FLOWBAT 2021 platforms promoted by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and in the Aerogels COST ACTION (CA 18125). They also acknowledge the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017SGR765 and 2017SGR1687 grants). This work has been performed within the framework of the doctoral program in materials science of UAB (W. W. and S.R–S.) ; Peer reviewed

High-precision experimental measurements of the properties of the Higgs boson at ∼125 GeV as well as electroweak precision observables such as the W-boson mass or the effective weak leptonic mixing angle are expected at future e+e− colliders such as the FCC-ee. This high anticipated precision has to be matched with theory predictions for the measured quantities at the same level of accuracy. We briefly summarize the status of these predictions within the standard model and of the tools that are used for their determination. We outline how the theory predictions will have to be improved in order to reach the required accuracy, and also comment on the simulation frameworks for the Higgs and EW precision program. ; The work of S.H. is supported in part by the MEINCOP Spain under contract PID2019-110058GB-C21 and in part by the AEI through the Grant IFT Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa SEV-2016-0597. S.J. acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 951754 and support of the National Science Centre, Poland, Grant No. 2019/34/E/ST2/00457. JRR acknowledges the support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Association) under Germany's Excellence Strategy-EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe"-39083330. ; Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. ; Peer reviewed

This article belongs to the Special Issue Racialized Citizenship in Superdiverse Europe, it's open access and available here: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/10/6/221 ; Contemporary European societies are increasingly diverse. Migration both within and to Europe has contributed over the past decades to the rise of new religious, racial, ethnic, social, cultural and economic inequality. Such transformations have raised questions about the (multi-level) governance of diversity in Europe, thus determining new challenges for both scholars and policy-makers. Whilst the debate around diversity stemming from migration has become a major topic in urban studies, political science and sociology in Europe, Critical Race Studies and Intersectionality have become central in US approaches to understanding inequality and social injustice. Among the fields where 'managing diversity' has become particularly pressing, methodological issues on how to best approach minorities that suffer from multiple discrimination represent some of the hottest subjects of concern. Stemming from the interest in putting into dialogue the existing American scholarship on CRT and anti-discrimination with the European focus on migrant integration, this paper explores the issue of integration in relation to intersectionality by merging the two frames. In doing so, it provides some observations about the complementarity of a racial justice approach for facing the new diversity-related challenges in European polity. In particular, it illustrates how Critical Race Studies can contribute to the analysis of inequality in Europe while drawing on the integration literature.

This Open Access book addresses the need to think about well-being data: how well-being is understood and the ways evidence is ostensibly used to improve society. Well-being data is pivotal in decisions that affect our life chances, livelihoods and quality of life. It is increasingly valuable to companies with their eyes on profit, organisations looking to make a social impact, and governments focussed on societal problems. 'Following the data' is a now-familiar phrase in Covid-19 policy communications. This book follows well-being data back centuries, showing it has long been used to track the health and wealth of society. It questions assumptions that have underpinned over 200 years of social science, statistical and policy work. Understanding Well-being Data is a readable, introductory book with real-life examples. It offers practitioners an accessible view 'under-the-bonnet' of data collection, analyses and uses to see how they actually operate and what they enact. Understanding the contexts of data and decision-making are critical for policy, practice and research that aims to do good, or at least avoid harm. While the limitations of well-being data remain unaddressed, its positive contribution for society can never be fully realised. Through its comprehensive survey and critical lens, this book provides tools to promote better understanding of the power and potential of well-being data, and the limits of their application.

In a globalizing world economy, the cause for inequalities in economic development and inter-country income inequality is explained by technology differences across countries. The purpose of science and technology is to make it possible for businesses and individuals to use technologies more efficiently, which results in lower costs and increased productivity gains. The application of innovative technologies paves the way to produce new, lower-cost goods and for the accumulation of capital, as well as for the improvement of individual countries' international competitiveness and the improvement of the quality of scientific research institutions, while also contributing to the cultural and political development of societies. The quality of growth rates is just as essential as the size of those rates. If one wants to have a better knowledge of whether growth has an impact on people's lives or not, one can pose the following questions: Does the process of growth include people and involve them in it? Is it true that everyone benefits from the opportunities created by growth? Do modern technology or increased trade volumes broaden the range of options available to people Is it planned to raise the standard of living for future generations Or, rather, is it only the current generation that is taken into consideration? Are markets accessible and open to everybody and everyone who wants to participat

A fixation on 'scaling up' has captured current innovation discourses and, with it, political and economic life at large. Perhaps most visible in the rise of platform technologies, big data and concerns about a new era of monopolies, scalability thinking has also permeated public policy in the search for solutions to 'grand societal challenges', 'mission-oriented innovation' or transformations through experimental 'living labs'. In this paper, we explore this scalability zeitgeist as a key ordering logic of current initiatives in innovation and public policy. We are interested in how the explicit preoccupation with scalability reconfigures political and economic power by invading problem diagnoses and normative understandings of how society and social change function. The paper explores three empirical sites – platform technologies, living labs and experimental development economics – to analyze how scalability thinking is rationalized and operationalized. We suggest that social analysis of science and technology needs to come to terms with the 'politics of scaling' as a powerful corollary of the 'politics of technology', lest we accept the permanent absence from key sites where decisions about the future are made. We focus in on three constitutive elements of the politics of scaling: solutionism, experimentalism and future-oriented valuation. Our analysis seeks to expand our vocabulary for understanding and questioning current modes of innovation that increasingly value scaling as an end in itself, and to open up new spaces for alternative trajectories of social transformation.

INTRODUCTION: A strike is a collective, temporary and calculated action, which involves a temporary stoppage of work. For healthcare professionals strike action poses a unique dilemma. Perhaps most fundamentally, as strike action is designed to be disruptive it has the potential to impact the delivery of care and place patient well-being in jeopardy. The objective of this study is therefore to evaluate the impact of healthcare strike action on patient mortality outcomes globally using meta-analysis in order to provide a comprehensive evidence base that can advise healthcare professionals, governments and regulatory bodies on the impact that strike action has on patients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A comprehensive literature search of major electronic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, BIOETHICSLINE, EconLit, WEB OF SCIENCE, OPEN GREY and SIGMA REPOSITORY) will be undertaken to identify observational studies of strike action among healthcare professionals where in-hospital/clinic and population/community mortality is examined, prestrike, during and poststrike. Meta-analysis will be performed to estimate in-hospital/clinic and population/community mortality during periods of strike action. The quality of evidence will be assessed using the National Institute of Health quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk Of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies - of Interventions tool. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study does not require ethical approval. Findings will be submitted to an appropriate peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021238879.

Introduction A strike is a collective, temporary and calculated action, which involves a temporary stoppage of work. For healthcare professionals strike action poses a unique dilemma. Perhaps most fundamentally, as strike action is designed to be disruptive it has the potential to impact the delivery of care and place patient well-being in jeopardy. The objective of this study is therefore to evaluate the impact of healthcare strike action on patient mortality outcomes globally using meta-analysis in order to provide a comprehensive evidence base that can advise healthcare professionals, governments and regulatory bodies on the impact that strike action has on patients. Methods and analysis A comprehensive literature search of major electronic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, BIOETHICSLINE, EconLit, WEB OF SCIENCE, OPEN GREY and SIGMA REPOSITORY) will be undertaken to identify observational studies of strike action among healthcare professionals where in-hospital/clinic and population/community mortality is examined, prestrike, during and poststrike. Meta-analysis will be performed to estimate in-hospital/clinic and population/community mortality during periods of strike action. The quality of evidence will be assessed using the National Institute of Health quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk Of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies - of Interventions tool. Ethics and dissemination This study does not require ethical approval. Findings will be submitted to an appropriate peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number CRD42021238879.

Porous organic polymers with labile leaving groups offer direct access to reactive functional groups, otherwise not permissible during network formation. In a one-step, open air, self-coupling reaction of tris bromomethyl benzene, we report highly porous, bromine rich C–C bonded porous polymers. Due to the steric nature of the monomer, restrictive crosslinking allowed pendent bromine groups to remain unreacted and provided rapid exchange into amines, nitriles, and thiols. This simple but powerful strategy yielded two isostructural but varying porosity and pendent group density polymers, allowing a comparative gas uptake study. Despite having lower surface area, the porous polymer formed at low temperature showed higher amination due to higher density of bromine groups. The polymers with more pendant groups resulted better CO2 uptake performances than higher porosity polymers with less pendant groups. Although post-modification decreased surface area of materials, amine functionalization greatly improved the CO2 uptake capacity. The ethylenediamine appended version exhibited 4.7 times increase in CO2 uptake capacity with highest CO2/N2 selectivity of 729 (298 K), and with an isosteric heat of 97 kJ mol−1 at zero coverage. ; This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (No. NRF-2017M3A7B4042140 and NRF-2017M3A7B4042235) and the startup funds by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).

Through seafood consumption, microplastic (MP) pollution is potentially threatening human health. Commercial bivalves in particular are a cause of major concern because their filter-feeding activity directly exposes them to MP in the water column and they are then ingested by humans. Here, we provide a quantitative and qualitative baseline data on MP content in the soft tissues of three commercially important bivalves (Ruditapes decussatus, Cerastoderma spp. and Polititapes spp.) collected in Ria Formosa lagoon, southern Portugal. The abundance of MPs (items per soft tissue weight) did not significantly differ among species. On average, R. decussatus exhibited the highest MP abundance (on average, 18.4 +/- 21.9 MP items g(-1) WW), followed by Cerastoderma spp. (11.9 +/- 5.5 MP items g(-1) WW) and Polititapes spp. (10.4 +/- 10.4 MP items g(-1) WW). Overall, 88% of the MPs found were synthetic fibres, the majority of which were blue (52%). Size categories >0.1-1 mm and >1-5 mm were the most common (60% and 34% respectively). The most represented polymers were polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS). The unexpectedly high number of MPs recorded in the three commercially exploited species suggests that this semi-closed lagoon system is experiencing a higher anthropogenic pressure than are open coastal systems. ; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology: PTDC/MAR-EST/3223/2014 IF/01413/2014/CP1217/CT0004 UIDB/04326/2020 SFRH/BPD/119344/2016 ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The second part of this article focuses on the transformation of the production systems in manufacturing and agriculture as a result of the convergence in the I4.0 technologies detailed in Part I. The category of general-purpose production machines is presented in detail. The interconnection of these machines and our ability to operate them remotely turn the stand-alone machines into production systems. The characteristics of these systems are studied separately for the cases of manufacturing and agriculture, showing the interrelation of the transformations in the two sectors. The I4.0 production systems give a tremendous boost in productivity as they allow the user of these systems to switch between different activities dynamically, cutting down costs and inefficiencies. The widespread deployment of such production systems fosters the emergence of a new social entity, the "prosumer." The subsequent rationalization in the production creates the conditions where overproduction gradually dies out while it shifts the balance from mass consumption to mass customization.

This is the final version. Available on open access from the Royal Society of Chemistry via the DOI in this record ; Recently, mixed honeycomb-kagome lattices featuring metal-organic networks have been theoretically proposed as topological insulator materials capable of hosting nontrivial edge states. This new family of so-called "organic topological insulators" are purely two-dimensional and combine polyaromatic-flat molecules with metal adatoms. However, their experimental validation is still pending given the generalized absence of edge states. Here, we generate one such proposed network on a Cu(111) substrate and study its morphology and electronic structure with the purpose of confirming its topological properties. The structural techniques reveal a practically flawless network that results in a kagome network multi-band observed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy. However, at the network island borders we notice the absence of edge states. Bond-resolved imaging of the network exhibits an unexpected structural symmetry alteration that explains such disappearance. This collective lifting of the network symmetry could be more general than initially expected and provide a simple explanation for the recurrent experimental absence of edge states in predicted organic topological insulators. ; Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) ; Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) ; Government of Aragon ; Formación de Personal Investigador ; Government of the Basque Country ; European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) ; Royal Society

Radiodonts are nektonic stem-group euarthropods that played various trophic roles in Paleozoic marine ecosystems, but information on their vision is limited. Optical details exist only in one species from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of Australia, here assigned to Anomalocaris aff. canadensis. We identify another type of radiodont compound eye from this deposit, belonging to 'Anomalocaris' briggsi. This ≤4-cm sessile eye has >13,000 lenses and a dorsally oriented acute zone. In both taxa, lenses were added marginally and increased in size and number throughout development, as in many crown-group euarthropods. Both species' eyes conform to their inferred lifestyles: The macrophagous predator A. aff. canadensis has acute stalked eyes (>24,000 lenses each) adapted for hunting in well-lit waters, whereas the suspension-feeding 'A.' briggsi could detect plankton in dim down-welling light. Radiodont eyes further demonstrate the group's anatomical and ecological diversity and reinforce the crucial role of vision in early animal ecosystems. ; Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

Indonesia is a developing country with various kinds of economic development. Bound by government regulations, the community cannot act arbitrarily and must follow applicable norms. The government in an effort to equalize the welfare of its people creates a forum for community associations to manage their funds or borrow funds to open a business. The purpose of this study is to reveal the legal arrangements for bad loans at KSU Sumber Kasih, Tangeb village and the settlement of bad loans at KSU Sumber Kasih, Tangeb village. This research applies normative research methods. Sources of data used in the form of primary and secondary legal materials. This research was conducted by looking for direct data from the field and through legal science books and connecting with the issues raised and then linking them to the current legislation which was then analyzed systematically. The results of the study reveal that Rural Banks are the government's solution to provide convenience to the community but with terms and conditions in the lending process. Every community who wants to borrow money for certain purposes can be done at BPR, those who want to borrow capital must have collateral which will later be calculated according to the desired loan, but it is not uncommon for bank staff not to think about the amount of collateral used with borrowed funds, this often happens. default

The purpose of this collaborative action research study was to develop reflective teaching practice through focus group discussions as a form of reflection conversations with nine chosen secondary school teachers in a private school. For data collection, two self-constructed open-ended questionnaires were used in this study: one before the focus group discussions and the second after the focus group discussions. Focus group discussions were held with teachers teaching English language, Urdu language, Science, Social Studies, Pakistan Studies. Focus group discussions were audiotaped and then transcribed for coding and thematic analysis. Based on that analysis, certain inferences were finalized. Professional development experience was found to be useful as participants accepted this new concept of reflective teaching with alacrity both for their development and the development of their students as well. Most of the participants described reflective teaching as beneficial to analytical skills as due this they could analyze performance and determine to be better in the future. In addition, they were of the view that it could also help develop the analytical skills of students. It is hoped that the participants' detailed descriptions in this study will guide the selected school towards enhancing the performance of teachers in the form of better learning goals and students' grooming so that they could be well prepared for a higher level of education and then professional education in the long run.