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Globally there is an increase in the social and economic impacts of all natural hazards, and especially those that are generated by weather systems. Climate change is a part of this process, but it is most likely that long-term climate change will first become evident as an increase in natural disasters, especially flooding and drought. However, a major cause of increasing natural disasters is the growth and relocation of population, concentrating into complex urban settlements that proliferate infrastructure and property in vulnerable floodplains and the coastal fringe. While Australia has experienced a decline in the loss of life from natural hazards, the loss to business, agriculture and the economy in general has increased exponentially. Weather generated natural disasters dominate the total disaster bill. Vulnerability to natural hazards may be reduced through hazard education and effective warnings.The communication of weather information is inevitably a top down process. Understanding of information and in particular, warnings about hazardous events involves a public safety transfer of knowledge from highly specialised scientists through emergency managers, local politicians and the media, to every member of society. Research shows that selection, interpretation and expression of information and warnings occurs at institutional and societal levels. Both the media and the general public select, re-interpret, and weigh up information about weather and hazards, applying a complex set of attitudes, perceptions, experience and misinformation to the initial message. An understanding of how people interpret the message is essential to the accuracy and safety of warnings and forecasts. Examples and case studies from post-disaster and behavioural research carried out by the Centre for Disaster Studies, and hazard events illustrate the issues of understanding the message.1

"Interventions based solely or partially on humanitarian grounds are rare; but, over the course of the last two decades, they have become increasingly common phenomena of international politics. Nevertheless international relations theories have thus far not been able to adequately account for their occurrence. The authors present a theoretical framework to explain humanitarian interventions as a result of a multilevel process driven by media attention and political entrepreneurship. They argue that drawing the developed world's public attention to a humanitarian crisis does not suffice to prompt international political reaction to it-it is only a necessary but not a sufficient condition. They therefore develop a consistent, detailed, and falsifiable theoretical model that systematically traces the necessary steps from the spaces of a humanitarian tragedy through the domestic arenas of potentially intervening states to the international arena where agreements on interventions must be reached. The authors take Putnam's two-level game as a template for their model, but they exchange Putnam's interestbased approach with an information-driven approach. The authors examine the structural prerequisites for domestic 'windows of recognition,' deduce logical consequences of these 'windows of recognition' for the possibility to reach an international agreement to intervene, and describe the functions and roles of peace entrepreneurs who try to overcome structural constraints." (author's abstract)

American colleges and universities attract nearly one million international students each year to their higher education institutions. Reasons for the high demand of American degree and certificate programs include a major boost in one's social, cultural, and economic capital. Expansive alumni connections, world-class skills training, and enhanced job prospects and opportunities, both domestically and internationally, are made accessible to graduates from American institutions of higher education (IHE). At the same time, choosing to enter a new foreign environment in the United States involves major social and cultural changes as well as financial demands. Universities are at the nexus of marketing to, accepting, welcoming, and providing education to this invaluable part of American campus communities.International students who choose to make the trek to the United States enter a new foreign landscape that includes concerns of safety, and more specifically, fears and concerns of America's prevalent "gun culture." Utilizing Dewey's theory of experiential learning and a Freirean critical approach, I will use a communication studies approach to examine the lived experiences of Indian and Chinese international students at The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).Mass media, social media, and face-to-face intercultural interactions will be examined to construct a clearer picture of international student educational experiences. While examining general perceptions of safety in America and its college campuses, special emphasis is placed on international student perspectives of the June 1st, 2016 murder-suicide that took place on UCLA's campus. As false rumors of a coordinated terrorist attack and reports of mass casualties were spread on campus, an already tragic event was amplified into a global one.In-depth interviews and focus groups are used to gain insight into the world's two largest overall global and American higher education populations. Detailed qualitative analyses reveal international students' day-to-day interactions with mass media, social media, and face-to-face intercultural interactions as well as the part these modes of communication play in international students' visceral thoughts and concerns on gun violence, a prevalent gun culture, and their experiences within American IHE.Findings show that international students at UCLA see their campus as a "protective bubble" which appears to temporarily assuage safety concerns. On the other hand, they often display contradictory actions and feelings which point to their local environments on and off campus as places that are sometimes safe and predictable and at other times filled with danger and uncertainty. A discussion of salient themes related to their perceptions of safety demonstrate a direct impact on their educational experiences and daily lives on and off campus.It is my hope that by documenting and exploring the day-to-day thoughts and feelings of these international students in regard to their perceived safety while studying at UCLA, university and governmental leaders alike can better understand and support the needs andconcerns of the United States' vital international student populations. Policy, practice, and future research recommendations are offered.

En croisant plusieurs textes sur le montage et la juxtaposition d'images hétérogènes de l'essayiste et théoricien des médias allemand Hans Magnus Enzensberger, cet article met à jour un lien d'ordre esthétique entre divers dispositifs médiatiques passés et contemporains. L'identification de ce lien permet d'affranchir la critique théorique du paradigme évolutionniste de l'échec et du progrès (technologique et politique), pour l'ouvrir à un ensemble d'éclairages réciproques et non linéaires. Dans ce cadre, l'usage des textes d'Enzensberger dépasse, lui aussi, toute forme de périodisation. En faisant dialoguer son « Jeu de construction pour une théorie des médias » (1970), plusieurs essais rassemblés dans Médiocrité et folie (1988), ainsi que son récent entretien autobiographique Erinnerungen an einen Tumult (2014), ce texte montre comment la critique de l'auteur allemand, certes constamment redynamisée par l'apparition de « nouveaux » objets (presse tabloïd, vidéo portable, télévision, internet, smartphones), nous invite à dépasser tout déterminisme technologique pour penser en un même geste le potentiel politique des premiers groupes de vidéo engagée et des plateformes dominant internet aujourd'hui. ; By interrelating several texts on the editing and juxtaposition of heterogeneous images by the German essayist and media theorist Hans Magnus Enzensberger, this article brings up to date an aesthetic link between various past and contemporary media devices. The identification of this link makes it possible to free theoretical critique of the evolutionary paradigm of failure and progress (technological and political), opening it up to a set of reciprocal and non-linear insights. In this context, the use of Enzensberger texts also goes beyond any form of periodisation. By engaging a dialogue with his "Jeu de construction pour une théorie des medias" / Constituents of a Theory of the Media (1970), several essays gathered in Médiocrité et folie / Mediocrity and Madness (1988), as well as his recent autobiographical interview Erinnerungen an einen Tumult (2014), this text shows how criticism by the German writer, while constantly revitalised by the emergence of "new" objects (tabloid press, mobile video, television, Internet, smartphones), invites us to overcome any technological determinism to simultaneously consider the political potential of the first activist video groups and platforms dominating the Internet today. ; Peer reviewed

The global COVID-19 mass vaccination program has created a polemic amongst pro- and anti-vaccination groups on social media. However, the working mechanism on how the shared information might influence an individual decision to be vaccinated is still limited. This study embarks on adopting the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) framework. We examined the function of central route factors (information completeness and information accuracy) as well as peripheral route factors (experience sharing and social pressure) in influencing attitudes towards vaccination and the intention to obtain the vaccine. We use a factorial design to create eight different scenarios in the form of Twitter posts to test the interaction and emulate the situation on social media. In total, 528 respondents were involved in this study. Findings from this study indicated that both the central route and peripheral route significantly influence individually perceived informativeness and perceived persuasiveness. Consequently, these two factors significantly influence attitude towards vaccination and intention to obtain the vaccine. According to the findings, it is suggested that, apart from evidence-based communication, the government or any interested parties can utilize both experience sharing and social pressure elements to increase engagement related to COVID-19 vaccines on social media, such as Twitter.

In politischen Diskursen auf Microblogs stehen einzelne Beiträge zunächst einmal für sich. Erst die Kontextualisierung einer Äußerung ermöglicht adäquate Schlussprozesse. Hashtags erfüllen hierbei eine wesentliche Funktion: In Twitter können sie als Kontextualisierungshinweise verwendet werden, um Wörter zu markieren und Zusammenhänge herzustellen. Hashtags bieten den NutzerInnen von Microblogs die Möglichkeit, Diskurse zu verfolgen, an ihnen teilzunehmen, sie zu gestalten, sie umzudeuten, neue Diskurse zu kreieren, aber auch sie zu ignorieren oder sie zu umgehen. In der politischen Twitterkommunikation erhalten Wörter durch Hashtags ein neues Gewicht: Diskurse werden über sie identifiziert und strukturiert und erst durch sie ist es möglich, thematische Kohärenz, Sequentialität, Intertextualität und damit Diskursivität zu erzeugen.
Die Beispiele aus der Twitterpraxis zeigen, dass die Veränderung der Akteurskonstellationen weitgehende Folgen für die öffentliche Kommunikation haben kann. Nicht nur die professionell Beteiligten wie JournalistInnen und PolitikerInnen, sondern auch interessierte BürgerInnen können an Diskursen teilnehmen und diese aktiv gestalten. Öffentliche Wörter, wie im beschriebenen Fall das Hashtag "#aufschrei", machen den Diskurs zugänglich und sichtbar zugleich. Darüber hinaus symbolisieren sie das Diskursthema – hier: Alltagssexismus – und ermöglichen einen gesellschaftlichen Diskurs über massenmediale Themensetzungen hinaus. Interessanterweise nehmen Massenmedien diese Diskurse wiederum auf, so dass Twitter sowohl ein Medium ist, in dem Anschlusskommunikation zu diskutierten Themen einer massenmedialen Öffentlichkeit betrieben wird, als auch ein eigenständiges Diskursmedium, dessen Agenda seinerseits von den Traditionsmedien aufgriffen wird.

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Kaynakça var. ; Bugün sosyal medya denilen bu mecralar kullanımın kolaylığı, maliyetinin düşüklüğü, erişimde sağladığı hız ve geribildirim avantajı, karşılıklı iletişimi desteklemesi gibi özellikleriyle birçok saha tarafından en çok tercih edilen iletişim vasıtası haline gelmiştir. Sosyal medyanın toplumsal yaşamda giderek önem kazanması sivil toplum örgütleri bünyesinde de daha fazla öneme sahip olmaya başlamıştır. Sivil toplum örgütleri sosyal medya mecralarını stratejik iletişim amaçlı kullanmakta, sosyal medya aracılığıyla örgütün siyasal, sosyal faaliyetlerini, kültürel etkinliklerini hedef kitlelere sunabilmekte ve kitlelerle kolayca iletişim kurabilmektedir. Bu çalışma sivil toplum örgütü ve sosyal medyanın kavramsal çerçevesinden yola çıkarak sivil toplum örgütlerinin kurumsal hedef çerçevesinde sosyal medyayı, özellikle Facebook'u nasıl kullandığını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla 2004 yılında Almanya'da kurulan uluslararası sivil toplum örgütü olan World Uyghur Congress' in Facebook sayfası örnek olay incelemesi olarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışma sırasında örgütün hedef kitleleri ile karşılıklı iletişim kurmak için Facebook'u stratejik iletişim kapsamında kullandığı, Facebook sayfası ile kurumsal kimlik oluşturmaya özen gösterdiği, yaptığı paylaşımlarında insan haklarına yönelik içeriklere öncelik verdiği ve Facebook sayfası üzerinden hedef kitleyi bilgilendirici paylaşımlar yapmaktadır varsayımları sınanmıştır. Varsayımlar doğrultusunda World Uyghur Congress'in Facebook sayfasında yer alan içerikler nitel ve nicel içerik analizi tekniğiyle incelenmiştir. Yapılan çalışma sonucu ilk varsayımı geçersiz kılmakla beraber diğer üç varsayımı doğrulamıştır. ; These media, which are called social media, have become the most preferred communication tool by many fields with their features such as ease of use, low cost, speed and feedback advantage they provide, and support mutual communication. The increasing importance of social media in social life has also become more important within nongovernmental organizations. Non-governmental organizations use social media channels for strategic communication, can present the political, social activities and cultural activities of the organization to the target audiences through social media and easily communicate with the masses. This study aims to determine how non-governmental organizations use social media, especially Facebook, within the framework of corporate goal, based on the conceptual framework of non-governmental organization and social media. For this purpose, the Facebook page of the World Uyghur Congress, an international non-governmental organization founded in Germany in 2004, was handled as a case study. During the study, the assumptions have been tested that the organization uses Facebook in the context of strategic communication to establish mutual communication with its target audiences, pays attention to creating a corporate identity with its Facebook page, prioritizes the content regarding human rights in its posts, and informs the target audience through its Facebook page. In line with the assumptions, the contents of the World Uyghur Congress's Facebook page were analyzed with the qualitative and quantitative content analysis technique. As a result of the study, it overrides the first assumption, but confirmed the other three assumptions. ; İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET . İ ABSTRACT . İİİ İÇİNDEKİLER . iv TABLOLAR LİSTESİ . vii ŞEKİLLER LİSTESİ . viii KISALTMALAR LİSTESİ . ix GİRİŞ . 1 I. SİVİL TOPLUM VE SİVİL TOPLUM ÖRGÜTLERİ . 3 1.2. Sivil Toplum Kavramı . 3 1.2. Sivil Toplumun Tarihsel Gelişimi . 5 1.2.1. Sanayi Devrimi Öncesi Sivil Toplum . 6 1.2.2. Sanayileşme Döneminde Sivil Toplum . 7 1.2.3. Sanayi Devrimi Sorası Sivil Toplum . 8 1.3. Sivil Toplumun Modern İçeriği . 10 1.4. Sivil Toplum Aktörleri . 11 1.5. Sivil Toplumun Özellikleri . 12 1.6. Sivil Toplum Örgütleri . 13 1.7. STÖ'lerin Sınıflandırılmaları . 14 1.7.1. Ekonomik Alanda STÖ'ler . 15 1.7.2. Siyasal Alanda STÖ'ler . 15 1.7.3. Kültürel Alanda STÖ'ler . 16 1.7.4. Dinî Alanda STÖ'ler . 16 1.8. STÖ'lerin Yapısal Özelliklerine Göre Sınıflandırılması . 17 1.8.1. Uluslararsı STÖ'ler . 17 1.8.2. Ulusal STÖ'ler . 18 1.8.3. Yerel STÖ'ler . 18 1.8.4. Yabancı STÖ'ler . 18 1.9. STÖ'lerin Özellikleri . 18 v 1.10. STÖ'lerin İşlevleri . 20 1.10.1. Uluslararası Düzeydeki İşlevleri . 20 1.10.2. Ulusal Düzeydeki İşlevleri . 21 1.11. Küresellşme Sürecinde Sivil Toplum . 22 1.11.1. Sivil Toplum ve Devlet . 22 1.11.2. Sivil Toplum ve Demokrasi . 25 II. SOSYAL MEDYA . 27 2.1. Sosyal Medya Kavramı . 27 2.1.1. Web 2,0 ve Sosyal Medya . 28 2.2. Sosyal Medyanın Özellikleri . 30 2.3. Sosyal Medyanın Geleneksel Medyadan Farkı . 31 2.4. Sosyal Medyanın Etkileri . 32 2.4.1. Sosyal Medyanın Bireyler Üzerindeki Etkisi . 32 2.4.2. Sosyal Medyanın Toplum Üzerindeki Etkisi . 34 2.4.3. Sosyal Medyanın Siyaset Üzerindeki Etkisi . 35 2.5. Sosyal Medyanın Türleri . 36 2.6. Sosyal Medya Platformlarından Bazı Örnekler . 37 2.6.1. Sosyal Ağlar . 37 2.6.1.1. Facebook . 38 2.6.1.2. Myspace . 39 2.6.1.3. LinkedIn . 39 2.6.1.4. QQ . 39 2.6.1.5. Wechat . 40 2.6.2. Bloglar . 40 2.6.2.1. WordPress . 41 2.6.2.2. Blogger . 42 2.6.3. Mikro Bloglar . 42 2.6.3.1. Twitter . 42 2.6.3.2. Weibo . 43 2.6.4. İçerik Paylaşım Siteleri: Flickr ve Youtube . 43 2.6.4.1. Flickr . 43 2.6.4.2. Youtube . 44 2.7. Türkiye'de Sivil Toplum Örgütlerinin Sosyal Medya Kullanımı Hakkında Yapılan Çalışmalar . 45 III. SİVİL TOPLUM ÖRGÜTLERİNİN SOSYAL MEDYA KULLANIMI: WORLD UYGHUR CONGRESS FACEBOOK SAYFASI ÖRNEĞİNİN İÇERİKSEL ANALİZİ . 49 3.1. Sosyal Medya ve STÖ'ler . 49 vi 3.2. Sosyal Medya ve Kurumsal İletişim . 52 3.3. Araştırmanın Amacı . 55 3.4. Araştırmanın Önemi . 55 3.5. Araştırmanın Varsayımları . 56 3.6. Araştırmanın Kapsamı . 56 3.7. Araştırmanın Yöntemi . 56 3.8. Bulgular ve Değerlendirme . 57 3.8.1. WUC'nin Facebook Sayfasında Yer Alan İçeriksel ve Biçimsel Bilgiler . 58 3.8.2. WUC'nin Facebook Sayfasında Yer Alan Konuların Dağılımı . 63 3.8.3. WUC'nin Facebook Sayfasında Yapılan Gönderilerin Gündemle İlişkisi . 66 3.8.4. WUC'nin Facebook Sayfasında Değindiği Konular ile Resmi İnternet Sitesinde Yer Alan Konu Başlıkları Uyumlu Mudur? . 68 SONUÇ VE ÖNERİLER . 70 KAYNAKÇA . 74

Chapter I Contemporary Polish Migrants in Britain -- Introduction -- The Nature of Contemporary Migration -- The Research Problem of this Monograph -- Sample and Procedure -- Respondents' Sociodemographic Characteristics -- Summary -- References -- Chapter II Respondents' Evaluation of Brexit and its Effects -- Introduction -- The Power of Mass Media in Knowledge Transfer and Opinion Building -- Polish People's Interest in Political Issues -- The Communication of Brexit-Related Information Through the Media by Polish and British Authorities -- The Evaluation of Britain's Preparation for Brexit -- Brexit - A Gain or a Loss? -- Summary -- Note -- References -- Chapter III Polish People's Motives for Staying in the United Kingdom after Brexit -- Introduction -- Possible Migration Scenarios -- The Most Frequent Reasons for Returning to Poland and for Staying Abroad -- Why Stay in the United Kingdom? The Results of Our Research -- Respondents' Reasons for Migrating to Britain Years Ago -- The Legalisation of Stay in Britain After Brexit -- The Legalisation of Polish People's Stay in the United Kingdom after Brexit: The Results of Our Research -- Summary -- Note -- References -- Chapter IV Polish People's Motives for Returning after Brexit -- Introduction -- A Review of Current Research on Return Migration -- Polish People's Reasons for Returning: The Results of Our Research -- Discussion and an Attempt at a Forecast -- Summary -- References -- Chapter V Conclusion -- References -- Index.

"Mathew Guest explores neo-liberalism as an account of contemporary western society and considers what this means for our understanding of religion. The rise of free market economics in western culture is associated with the celebration of competition and prioritization of consumer choices as cultural phenomena that profoundly influence human experience in all areas of life. However, several global political changes - including the election of Donald Trump as US president, 'brexit', and the rise of right-wing populism across continental Europe - point to a counter-response. This response emphasizes nativist forms of identity and the affirmation of narrow cultural or ethnic boundaries. Together they reflect a complex and seismic shift in assumptions about the role of the state and the future of social order within developed societies. A crisis in the status of the mass media and the rising prominence of social media add further elements of uncertainty into an already destabilized context. This book is an accessible, topical discussion of a new set of tools and approaches to understanding contemporary religion and religious movements. In addition, Mathew Guest introduces a number of sociological and ethical questions that arise from considering the status of religion within a neo-liberal age"--

"Who gets to exercise free speech, and what happens when powerful voices think they have been silenced? Assembling a diverse group of commentators, activists and academics, this book explores the contemporary free speech wars to try to understand how this issue has become increasingly charged. It asks how the spaces and structures of'speech'- mass media, the lecture theatre, the public event, the political rally and the internet - shape this debate. The contributors examine how acts such as censorship, boycotts, and protests around free speech developed historically and how these histories inform the present. The book explores the opposing sides in this debate: beginning with a defence of speech freedoms and examining how speech has been curbed and controlled, before countering this with an exploration of the way that free speech has been weaponised and deployed as a bad faith argument by people wishing to commit harm. Considering two key battlefields in the free speech wars - the university campus and the internet - this book encourages the reader to be suspicious of the way that this topic is framed in the media today. The free speech wars offers context, provocation, stimulation and - hopefully - a route through this conflict"--Publisher's description

"Journalism and Free Speech brings together for the first time an historical and theoretical exploration of journalism and its relationship with the idea of free speech. Though freedom of the press is widely regarded as an essential ingredient to democratic societies, the relationship between the idea of freedom of speech and the practice of press freedom is one that is generally taken for granted. Censorship, in general terms is an anathema. This book explores the philosophical and historical development of free speech and critically examines the ways in which it relates to freedom of the press in practice. The main contention of the book is that the actualisation of press freedom should be seen as encompassing modes of censorship which place pressure upon the principled connection between journalism and freedom of speech. Topics covered include: The Philosophy of Free SpeechJournalism and Free SpeechPress Freedom and the Democratic ImperativeNew Media and the Global Public SphereRegulating JournalismPrivacy and DefamationNational Security and InsecurityOwnershipNews, Language Culture and CensorshipThis book introduces students to a wide range of issues centred around freedom of speech, press freedom and censorship, providing an accessible text for courses on journalism and mass media"--

Ivan Kozlenko's novel Tanzher (Tangier) became one of Ukraine's biggest cultural events of 2017, vigorously debated in the country's media and shortlisted for multiple prizes. This ambitious Ukrainian-language novel by a native of a predominantly Russophone city is simultaneously a love letter to Odesa and a daring subversion of the superficial version of the city's popular myth, widely disseminated both by mass media and by scholarly discourse. A novel whose plot centres on two pansexual love triangles, one taking place in the 1920s, the other in the early 2000s, Tangier employs strategies of intertextual engagement and multidirectional memory to construct an alternative affirming narrative. It focuses on the episodes in Odesa's history during Ukraine's wars of independence in 1918–20 and the time it served as Ukraine's capital of filmmaking in the 1920s and seeks to reinsert this queer-positive narrative into the national literary canon. This article analyzes the project of utopian transgression the novel seeks to enact and situates it both in the domestic socio-cultural field and in the broader contexts of global countercultural practices. It also examines the challenges faced by post-communist societies struggling with the new conservative turn in national cultural politics.

This research aims to find out the reasons that prompted Bhutan to open diplomatic relations with Israel in 2020. This study was written using a qualitative approach, through library research techniques such as books, official state documents, news and other mass media. This study uses the theory of national interest to determine the goals and interests of Bhutan. In this study, two reasons were found that pushed Bhutan to open diplomatic relations with Israel in 2020, namely the existence of Bhutan's national interests in the economic and military security fields.Keywords : Diplomatic Relations, Economic Interest, Military Security, National Interest AbstrakRiset ini bertujuan untuk mengetauhi alasan yang mendorong Bhutan dalam melakukan pembukaan hubungan diplomatic dengan Israel tahun 2020. Penelitian ini ditulis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang diperoleh melalui studi pustaka seperti buku, dokumen resmi negara, berita dan media massa lainnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori kepentingan nasional yang bersifat materiil. Penelitian ini menemukan dua alasan yang mendorong mendorong Bhutan dalam melakukan pembukaan hubungan diplomatik dengan Israel tahun 2020 yaitu adanya kepentingan nasional negara Bhutan dalam bidang ekonomi dan keamanan militer.Kata kunci : Hubungan Diplomatik, Kepentingan Ekonomi, Kepentingan Militer, Keamanan Nasional

Background: The family planning program (Keluarga Berencana or KB) is one of the Indonesian government's efforts to suppress population growth. The program focuses on contraceptive usage. However, in practice, the level of continuity of contraceptive use are still low. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of sources of information and access to health facilities on the continuity of contraceptive use.Method: This quantitative study with a cross-sectional design had 1,195 respondents with an age range of 35 years. Data were collected through structured interviews and questionnaires. Univariate data analysis was conducted with frequency distribution; bivariate data analysis utilized crosstabs, and the multivariate analysis used logistic regression.Results: The continuity of contraceptive use was 91.9% among respondents who received information about the family planning program, either orally, on mass media, or electronically, and it was 82.8% among respondents who accessed family planning services. This study found that factors that influence the continuity of contraceptive use were sources of electronic media information (OR = 0.6633; 95% CI = 0.4852 – 0.9067; p = 0.010) and access to family planning services (OR = 2.677; 95% CI = 1.652 – 4.337; p = 0.001). These findings suggest that the sources of information and access to health facilities affect the continuity of contraceptive use.

War and propaganda become two inseparable aspects. When its occupation in Indonesia, Japan used various tool to influence and attract Indonesian's attention. Mass media became the most accessible tool used by Japan to give the doctrines and propaganda, especially Djawa Baroe magazines. This paper aims to analyze how the Japanese use the media, especially Djawa Baroe magazine, produced in 1943 in Indonesia as a propaganda tool in doctrine and mobilize its dominated society through the discourse analysis approach. The research was conducted through three stages of analysis, in which the results of the analysis were analyzed profoundly through the view of critical discourse analysis. The result shows six-issues categories can be discussed from 250 articles in Djawa Baroe magazine. Japanese military powers; area security by Japan; education, training, and knowledge were given to society; Japan and "the older brother"; enemies; and, community testimony and response. As a result, propaganda, doctrine and the application of Japanese cultural influences can be seen in the style of language, the use of sentences and images displayed in the article. Doctrine given by the Japanese government includes various aspects such as threat and fear from the enemies and kindness and attention.