Suchergebnisse

Threats to tenure are not isolated challenges, but result from broad systematic change that have extensive implications for academe. Social system factors such as changed public attitudes, increased competition for public funds and increased competition for students are generating budget reductions which in turn affect views about how universities should be managed. Increasingly, higher education is seen as a business, and academic programs are evaluated in 'bottom-line' budgetary terms. These trends, in turn, may have many important consequences for the academic world, from grade inflation to reduced academic freedom. Examining such forces and trends should help place the tenure debate in a larger context so as to better understand why it is occurring and what might be needed to protect tenure.

The influence of race, education, and information seeking are explored as factors determining perceptions of the nature and extent of racial inequality. African Americans and Whites are seen to differ significantly in their estimates of White and Black poverty, the extent to which African Americans are worse off than Whites, and the circumstances that explain this disparity. Exposure to news and other information about race and affirmative action has a significant main effect on social comparisons and attributions, consistent with the cultivation hypothesis. Tendencies toward mainstreaming or convergence of opinion under conditions of close attention to racial news and information are observed only with regard to estimates of the proportions of racial groups in poverty.

The abilities, health and behaviour of 23 people with tuberous sclerosis were assessed at five years of age and as adults. There was little increase in abilities for those most severely handicapped and epilepsy had fluctuated, with overall control of seizures in the group not changing much even with new medications. Autistic and hyperactive behaviours had decreased, but those with lack of anger control or with few emotional responses remained very similar. The cortical brain tubers in tuberous sclerosis could be responsible for the lack of progress over ten years but education and behavioural treatment that did not take into account the autism and attention deficit problems associated with tuberous sclerosis might also have contributed to this failure.

This study tested Belsky's model of the determinants of parenting. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), the study focused on 898 mothers (African Americans, n = 347; Caucasians, n = 551) and their 6- to 8-year-old children. Consistent with Belsky's model, mothers who provided better quality home environments had higher levels of education, intelligence, and self-esteem. Mothers with higher family incomes, fewer children, and higher marital quality provided more supportive home environments. In addition, age and gender of the children were significantly related to the quality of the children's home environments. Additional analyses indicated that the quality of the home environment that mothers of both ethnic groups provided was related to their children's achievement.

AbstractAs federal government agencies shift funding away from non‐core operations and activities, new approaches will be needed to accomplish those important, but underfunded, non‐core functions. One of those important functions is environmental training, certification, and record keeping. A new company called AdvanceONLINETM has developed an on‐line distance learning approach to environmental training that transfers many of the features relied on in the classroom to a virtual world. AdvanceONLINE's approach is gaining recognition and increased use within several agencies and commands, each with a different need for continuing education and training of its personnel. This article will review the key elements of distance learning, examine the AdvanceONLINE system, and consider applications within the federal community.

The increased migration to the U.S. from developing countries in Latin America and Asia has aroused concerns that new immigrants will impose new costs on U.S. citizens and the government. Less concern has been given to how current policy is affecting the social well being of immigrants them-selves. This article makes the case that the new immigration, motivated by kinship ties and family reunification provisions of U.S. immigration law leads to a clustering of new immigrants into areas that are no longer attracting large numbers of native born Americans. It is argued that the concentration of these groups into "high immigration regions" will limit their access to employment and education opportunities that would facilitate their spatial assimilation and upward mobility.

Amid rapid changes in the tertiary education sector witnessed in recent years, issues such as performance and accountability are becoming increasingly important. Among other things, market orientation has often been linked to performance. Investigates the degree of market orientation and its effect on performance at Australian and New Zealand universities. Results confirm a positive relationship between market orientation and overall performance: providing support for the relevance of market orientation to universities. Confirms the importance of the responsiveness dimension. Another interesting finding is that there is no significant difference in the level of market orientation between business and non‐business schools or departments in universities in Australia and New Zealand. Implications, limitations and directions for further research are also discussed.

Chen Li is one of a small group of Psychologists in China who trained abroad early in their careers, returned to teach and do research, and continued doing so into later life beyond normal retirement age. His contacts with a number of prominent psychologists in England and Germany in the 1930s, and his being inadvertently at the centre of a political row in China in the 1960s, leading to psychology shutting down for ten years, make him historically important. Known for his work in organizational psychology and education, he is a distinguished psychologist and educational leader. Although trained as an experimentalist, he now embraces a broader view of psychology but remains emphatic it should be applied to real life problems ; postprint

A large share of public funds is spent on private goods (education, health care, day care, etc.). This paper integrates two different approaches to the analysis of public provision of private goods. While normative public economics has established an efficiency case for such provision, the commonly held political economy view has been that it is an economically inefficient phenomenon generated by the political process. The present paper argues that the central mechanism studied in the normative approach is equally relevant to voting models of decisions on public provision. It is shown that under plausible information constraints economically efficient public provision of private goods will be part of politically rational decisions emerging from a median voter process or a representative democracy of political parties.

A large share of public funds is spent on private goods (education, health care, day care, etc.). This paper integrates two different approaches to the analysis of public provision of private goods. While normative public economics has established an efficiency case for such provision, the commonly held political economy view has been that it is an economically inefficient phenomenon generated by the political process. The present paper argues that the central mechanism studied in the normative approach is equally relevant to voting models of decisions on public provision. It is shown that under plausible information constraints economically efficient public provision of private goods will be part of politically rational decisions emerging from a median voter process or a representative democracy of political parties.

Data from the National Center for Health Statistics, 1989-1991, are drawn on to examine differentials in pregnancy outcomes across Hispanic groups & to address the question of whether, in addition to Mexican Americans, other Hispanic populations are characterized by an "epidemiologic paradox," ie, a combination of a high-risk sociodemographic profile & favorable pregnancy outcomes. Logistic regression analyses indicate that, except among Puerto Ricans, rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes among Hispanics are rather similar to Anglo rates. The adjusted odds of prematurity & low birthweight, however, are significantly higher than the Anglo risk for all Hispanic groups, while the odds of Hispanic infant mortality are significantly lower. Maternal smoking, low weight gain, & low education significantly increase the risk of adverse outcomes, as do both inadequate & "adequate plus" prenatal care. The paradox is reversed in the case of birth outcomes, but remains in the case of infant mortality. The similarity in the direction of effects of risk factors regardless of ethnicity implies that interventions that improve pregnancy outcomes for one group will also benefit others. 5 Tables, 30 References. Adapted from the source document.

n.a. ; In this paper six authors propose guidelines for German labor market policy, to overcome current discouragement and lead to a new balance of social security and individual competetiveness. Crucial aspects in this regard should be a reformed tax system based on excise instead of income taxes, and a system of incentives (vouchers) to encourage further education and individual initiative in the event of unemployment. In addition the declaration pleads for economic regulation of immigration and demands more marketability of honorary work. The welfare state should not be shattered but has to stimulate the individual to take economic risks and chances. This paper has been forwarded to a broader German public in order to influence discussion on the future course of labor market policy.

"They call it a country. In fact it is just a Zaire-shaped hole in the middle of Africa," wroteThe Economistin 1995. Well before then, Erwin Blumenthal, who visited Zaire on behalf of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to assess prospects for reform, warned that, despite promises from President Mobutu (1965-97) that loans would be repaid, "there is no—I repeat no—chance on the horizon that Zaire's many creditors will recover their money.' Meanwhile, Mobutu did not use loans to build state bureaucracies or provide services; he actively discouraged them. Even by official accounts, the modest spending of 10 percent of Zaire's budget on education and health services in 1982 fell to zero a decade later.

Demonstrates how local livelihood studies can inform development planning, drawing on 1988 fieldwork in the small western Sudanese town of Kutum. Interviews with 82 women farmers, gardeners, & traders; interviews with local informants; & a survey of 307 households are used to examine Kutum's two pillars of livelihood -- female horticulture & male labor migration -- & various local strategies for achieving socioeconomic security, eg, gaining access to land; investing money earned through labor migration in irrigation equipment; familial migration strategies; education; reciprocal social relations (which are particularly important for women without husbands or children); & polygamy. The specific livelihood & security options of small farmers, of women, & during drought are considered, & development applications are discussed. 3 Tables, 3 Figures, 10 References. Adapted from the source document.