Suchergebnisse

This paper first documents the decades-long erosion of the link between low wages and low household income. It then simulates the consequences of this determination on the relative gains of programs designed to help the working poor—minimum wage increases under the Fair Labor Standards Act and increases in the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). Using data from the Current Population Survey it is found that increases in the EITC between 1989 and 1992 were far more target-efficient than was the increase in the minimum wage from $3.35 to $4.25 and that the 1993 extension of the EITC is far more target-efficient than raising the minimum wage from $4.25 to $5.00. The paper concludes that the EITC is a far more effective mechanism for targeting low income workers than are increases in the minimum wage.

Variations in the size of the population receiving disability payments across countries cannot be explained by simple differences in health. Rather, the process to disability is shaped by both social and medical factors. When governments ignore this reality, a policy generated disability epidemic is possible. This paper compares disability policies in The Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, and the United States. It argues that the extraordinary increase in Dutch disability rolls in the 1970s was caused by a general government policy to reduce official unemployment. And that by the end of the 1980s, this policy had left Holland with a hidden unemployment rate that was twice its official rate and three times the unemployment rates in the United States and Germany.

CONSENT THEORY HAS PROVIDED POLITICAL ANALYSTS AND THINKERS WITH A FIRMER ACCOUNT OF POLITICAL OBLIGATION THAN ANY OTHER IDEA IN MODERN POLITICAL THEORY. THE IDEAS ARE BASICALLY EMBODIED IN JOHN LOCKE'S "SECOND TREATISE OF GOVERNMENT". THIS ARTICLE EXPLAINS THE MEANING OF "CONSENT" AND "TACIT CONSENT", LOCKE'S THEORY IS ANALYZED, AND PROBLEMS WITH THE IDEAS ARE DISCUSSED.

Examined is whether broad public interests in consumer rights, a clean environment, & political reform have the organizational strength to be represented effectively where policy making is the responsibility of bureaus & administrative agencies. The collective action theory of Mancur Olson (The Logic of Collective Action, Cambridge: Harvard U Press, 1971) asserts that these interests could not be effective on a sustained basis. Research arguing for modifications of Olson's theory is supported by showing how public interests have been at least partially successful in maintaining effectiveness over time based on four concepts: the similarity of public interest groups to social movements; the use of purposive & solidary incentives; the use of material incentives to support lobbying as a by-product of other activities; & the role of organizational entrepreneurs supported by new technology, notably the computerized mailing list. 16 References. Modified HA.

Many policy analysts – and citizens interested in public issues – believe that rigorous thought should be uncontaminated by values, which are merely subjective. Policy analysis, however, is about what is worth doing and therefore inherently values based. This accessible book reveals the damage that this contradiction inflicts on policy analysis and society. It also demonstrates the real-world failings of various influential alternatives to the 'value-free' ideal. By showing that values are amenable to critical analysis, this book provides a solid foundation for a comprehensive approach that reimagines the scope and role of policy analysis in contemporary society

This book highlights the linkages between politics and governance and the arts. The essays in the volume show how visual and performative arts have challenged those in power - or conversely patronised by them - been used for propaganda, to stir up national fervour and found themselves at the receiving end of political censure. They focus on the tension and symbiosis between the politician and the artist foregrounding how they have always tried to influence, challenge and, in some cases, undermine one another. This volume will serve as an indispensable source for researchers and academics in political science, the humanities and performing arts.

"On June 13-14, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a multistakeholder workshop to examine the transitions affecting global health and innovative global health solutions. The goal of bringing these two topics together was to collectively explore models for innovative partnerships and private-sector engagement with the potential to support countries in transition. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop"--Publisher's description

Trust in political institutions and in other people is hypothesized by cultural theories to be essential for making democracieswork. Trust is equated with diffuse support and linked to the stability and effective functioning of democratic regimes. Institutional theories, in contrast, question the importance of trust for democratic support and emphasize institutional performance instead. A structural equation model using New Russia Barometer survey data tests cultural and institutional theories of regime support. The results confirm cultural arguments that institutional trust encourages political involvement and contributes to public support for democratic ideals, whereas they contradict the hypothesis that trust is critical for political support. Much stronger support exists for institutional theory's claims about the importance of economic and political performance. Cultural influences, however, appear somewhat larger than institutional theories allow and may become larger still during the longer term, suggesting the need to integrate cultural and institutional theories.

Ch. 1. Introduction : the nature of public opinion -- ch. 2. Measurement of opinion -- ch. 3. Thinking critically about people's opinions -- ch. 4. Attitudes and opinions -- ch. 5. Political socialization -- ch. 6. The media and opinions -- ch. 7. Gender and opinions -- ch. 8. Social class and opinions -- ch. 9. Race, ethnicity, religion, and opinions -- ch. 10. Opinions and voting -- ch. 11. Opinions about domestic issues -- ch. 12. Opinions about foreign policy.

In the midst of current criticisms, the overall status of public choice analysis in the social sciences is evaluated & whether public choice scholars differ from economists & political scientists in their methodological beliefs & conclusions is explored. A survey containing statements regarding various public choice model assumptions or predictions regarding the interaction of politics & economics were sent to over 700 randomly selected members of economic, political science, & public choice associations. While disagreements between public choice scholars & economists were uncommon, the views of public choice scholars differed substantially from those of political scientists. The argument of Orchard & Stretton (1997) that public choice analysis has been discredited is, therefore, contradicted, & it is predicted that economists will continue to participate in the movement. 2 Tables, 6 References. L. A. Hoffman

This ebook consists of a summary of the ideas, viewpoints and facts presented by Public Affairs books in his book 'What Orwell Didn't Know: Propaganda and the New Face of American Politics'. This summary offers a concise overview of the entire book in less than 30 minutes reading time. However this work does not replace in any case the book by Public Affairs books.18 thinkers examine how Orwell's insights into political language may still hold and also explains what has changed.

This ebook consists of a summary of the ideas, viewpoints and facts presented by Public Affairs books in his book 'What Orwell Didn't Know: Propaganda and the New Face of American Politics'. This summary offers a concise overview of the entire book in less than 30 minutes reading time. However this work does not replace in any case the book by Public Affairs books.18 thinkers examine how Orwell's insights into political language may still hold and also explains what has changed.