Suchergebnisse

Introduction -- 1. The FAO Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) programme -- 2. Potential GIAHS sites in Africa -- 2.1. The jessour system, Tunisia; Afef Zanzana -- 2.2. The Mountain Oases, Tunisia; Fadwa Benyahia -- 2.3 The Ketaba agroecology system, Senegal; Alioune Badara Fall -- 2.4 The cultural landscape of Konso, Ethiopia; Yenewa Dessie Alemu, Fethia Abdullahi Ahmed -- 2.5. The Marakwet traditional irrigation system, Kenya; Sheilla Jeruto Tallam -- 2.6. The agroforestry system in Sao Tome and Principe; Joana Rocha Dias -- 3. Potential GIAHS sites in Asia -- 3.1. The floating garden system of the Inle Lake, Myanmar; Moe Thae Oo, Zin Wai Aung -- 3.2. The traditional Naga agricultural system, Myanamr; Ti Chia -- 3.3. The lychee cultivation system in Haikou City, China; Xieli Bai -- 3.4. The ancient terraced agricultural system in Shouf, Lebanon; Marwa Abou Assi -- 3.5. Cultivation of Mohammadi flower and rosewater production system in Barzok, Iran; Mohammad Amin Emadi -- 4. Potential GIAHS sites in Europe -- 4.1. The rainfed mulching agriculture in the volcanic island of Lanzarote, Spain; Marta Arnés -- 4.2. The traditional alpine agriculture in Valtellina and Valposchiavo, Italy-Switzerland; Michelangelo Ferri -- 4.3. The terraced vineyards of Lamole in Chianti, Italy; Francesco Piras -- 4.4. The traditional agricultural system of the hills of Vertop, Albania; Florjan Boduri -- 5. Potential GIAHS sites in Central and South America -- 5.1. The traditional agricultural system in the Sierra del Rosario, Cuba; Alejandro Gonzalez -- 5.2. The sustainable agricultural system of the Sierra Maestra, Cuba; Yenia Molina Pelegrín -- 5.3. The traditional agricultural system of tobacco in Viñales, Cuba; Liane Bárbara Portuondo Farías -- 5.4. The Sabana de Morro agroforestry system in Dolores, El Salvador; Ever Alexis Martínez Aguilar -- 5.5. The "Chakra" agroforestry system of the Kichwa communities, Ecuador; Erika Zárate -- 5.6. The "Chagras" agroforestry system in the Amazon, Colombia; María Alejandra Hernández Marentes -- 5.7. The vertical productive system in the Charazani Valley, Bolivia; Fabiana Navia -- Conclusions.

This book explores the independence of official statistics and describes the various legal and professional norms, institutional arrangements, instruments and practices that statisticians have developed over recent decades to protect their work from political interference. It argues that this 'drive for independence', which saw the replication of these norms, arrangements, and instruments across countries, was largely led by the international epistemic community of statisticians, and it identifies some of the paths and processes that enabled this drive. The study conducts an overall, multi-dimensional, and detailed comparative examination of the thirty-eight OECD countries' norms, arrangements, and practices regarding the institutional and professional independence of official statistics. For that purpose, several dimensions have been surveyed and an index has been built that allows patterns and clusters to be uncovered among the OECD countries, shedding light on the variations that can be observed from one subgroup of countries to another. The issue of the independence of official statistics has been at the heart of several recent statistical controversies, including that of Greece's debt, censuses in Canada and the United States, the Argentinian cost of living index, and some recent cases of resignation or dismissal of senior statisticians in various countries. Such independence has been a major topic of discussion in the epistemic community since the turn of the century, and concerns have also been addressed more widely, in the media. The subject of the book is particularly relevant as official statistics also play a significant role in monitoring the progress of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. This book will appeal to anyone interested in the topic of official statistics and to students of government in general.

PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- SECTION I – IN THE BEGINNING -- CHAPTER 1. WADING IN ̶ INTRODUCTION TO THE FISH-BIRD -- General Discussion of Penguins and Substance of the Book -- An Impressive Number of Penguin Species: Evolution of Their Unique Capabilities -- Penguin Species Radiation and the Ontogeny of Their Watery World -- Penguin Evolution: Body Size and Climate -- Penguin Evolution: Radiation into Vacant Niches -- Penguin Evolution: Body Size and Crossing the Sea-Land Boundary -- CHAPTER 2. LAND AHOY! A TIRESOME BUSINESS -- Crossing the Land-Ocean Interface is Affected by Body Size -- Why and How Often do Penguins Come Ashore? -- Tying Land-life to the At-sea Life of Fish-Birds: Foraging and Breeding -- Success Vary with Prey Availability -- Molt ̶Necessary, Brief Respite from the Sea -- SECTION II – PENGUIN MARINE HAUNTS AND FOOD HABITS -- CHAPTER 3.FISH-BIRDS AT HOME IN THEIR OCEAN HABITATS -- Oceanographic Fronts and Water Masses Important to Penguins: General Discussion -- Penguins Require High Productivity Water Masses -- Large Scale: Oceanographic Boundaries and At-sea Distributions of Penguins -- Southern Boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current -- Emperor and King penguins -- Adélie and Chinstrap penguins -- Antarctic Polar Front and Subantarctic Front -- Gentoo and Yellow-eyed penguins -- Macaroni and Royal penguins -- Northern and Southern Rockhopper, Fiordland, Snares penguins -- Subtropical Front and Continental Boundary Currents -- Galápagos, Humboldt, Magellanic, African penguins -- Little penguins -- Meso- and Small-Scale Ocean Processes Facilitating Penguin Exploits -- Island wakes -- Headland wakes -- Shelves and banks -- Submarine canyons -- Shelfbreak fronts -- Marginal ice zones -- Thermo-/haloclines -- CHAPTER 4. SEA FOOD ̶ THE FISH-BIRD MENU -- General Considerations -- Diet Quality: Survival in Cold Water -- Energy density of prey -- Prey size may or may not differ by penguin size -- Prey availability -- Diet Comparison among Penguin Species -- Polar/subpolar, mesopelagic penguins -- Subpolar, demersal/benthic, continental-shelf penguins -- Temperate, upper water column, continental-insular shelf penguins -- Polar, upper water column, continental shelf/slope penguins -- Subpolar, upper water column, continental slope/pelagic penguins -- Polar, upper water column, continental slope/pelagic penguins -- CHAPTER 5. ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF DIET COMPOSITION -- Intraspecific Competition among Penguins -- Foraging Range is Key: General Discussion -- Penguin Species' Central-Place Foraging Range Patterns -- Sex Differences in Foraging -- Interspecific Competition Involving Penguins -- Penguins Eat A lot! -- Competition between Penguin Species -- Competition between penguins and other seabirds -- Competition between penguins and marine mammals -- Competition between penguins and industrial fisheries -- SECTION III – THE HARDWARE OF A FISH-BIRD -- CHAPTER 6. THE SLIPPERY SHAPE, HOT AIR AND THE POWERHOUSE – HOW FISH-BIRDS SWIM -- Water – Hard Taskmaster -- The Four Forces Relevant to Penguins -- Vertical Forces – Weight and Upthrust -- Buoyancy: How Much Air Do Penguins Hold? -- Buoyancy and Bergmann's Rule revisited -- Horizontal Forces: Drag -- The Interplay of Drag and Upthrust in Gliding Penguins -- The Drag Devil is in the Detail -- The Penguin Powerhouse -- How Penguins Swim -- The Effect of Upthrust and Body Angle on Penguin Thrust and Lift Forces -- Top Speeds; Power and Upthrust -- The Energy Costs of Swimming -- General considerations -- Specific considerations -- 'Sensible' Swim Strategies and Costs of Transport -- Cruising speed and integrating speed with the cost of transport, -- and beyond -- CHAPTER 7. HOT PENGUINS ̶ COLD WATER -- Resting and Floating Penguins -- The Metabolic Rate of Floating Penguins -- Patterns of Heat Loss to the Sea -- Overall Body Insulation/Conductance -- The Nature of Penguin Insulation -- Active Penguins -- Activity Produces Heat -- Greater Depths Impose a Higher Heat Tax -- Consuming Prey Imposes a Heat Tax -- Embracing The Fish in the Fish-bird -- CHAPTER 8. FISH-BIRDS – THE INSIDE STORY -- Diving Physiology -- Surface issues – Uptake of oxygen -- Oxygen Management Underwater -- Role of the Air Spaces -- Gas Exchange to Body Tissues -- The Aerobic Dive Limit and Beyond -- The Importance of Size in Dive Performance -- Duration -- Depth -- Penguins Under Pressure – Beating the Squeeze and the Bends -- Barotrauma -- Beating the Bends -- A Gut Reaction in Fish-Birds -- Gastric Emptying -- Rotting Food -- The Eyes Have It -- SECTION IV – THE SOFTWARE OF FISH-BIRDS -- CHAPTER 9. EMBRACING THE DEPTHS - THE PENGUIN DIVE -- Submergence -- The time underwater – basic dive descriptors -- Dive profiles -- Dive distance-depth profiles -- Dive aspect ratios -- Horizontal dive directionality/tortuosity -- The Multifunctionality of Dives -- Basic dive types -- T-dives for travelling -- V-dives (water column assessment) -- P-dives (parabolic – prospecting with no prey capture) -- Po-dives (parabolic dives with circular trajectory) -- U-dives (depth-directed prospecting) -- W-dives/Up-dives (U-dives with prey pursuit) -- Depth Duration Effects Over Multiple Dives -- CHAPTER 10. FISH-BIRD STRATEGIES ̶ THE SEARCH FOR FICKLE PREY -- Decisions, Decisions, Decisions – How Fish-Birds Search for Prey -- Heading in the Right Direction -- Dealing with Prey Patchiness -- In-depth Considerations: -- Time-based efficiency -- Energy-based efficiency -- Superficial Considerations: Surface Pauses and Inspired Tactics -- Being Picky about Food -- Fish-Birds and Smart Strategies -- CHAPTER 11. THE FINAL SECONDS – HOW FISH-BIRDS CAPTURE PREY -- Prey Acquisition, a Departure from the Dive 'Norm' -- Performance Metrics for Prey Capture -- Catching Solitary Prey -- Changing buoyancy with depth affects prey capture strategies -- Prey pursuit against interfaces -- Exploiting Aggregated Prey -- Crustaceans -- Fish -- Non-corralling feeding behavior -- Clarity on Limitations of Penguin Vision -- SECTION V – PENGUINS IN A FICKLE ENVIRONMENT -- CHAPTER 12. TURNING THE TABLES – FISH-BIRDS ON THE MENU -- Basic Law of the Sea: Big Fish Eat Little Fish -- Seals as Predators -- Seals' hunting behavior -- Penguins avoiding seals -- Fur Seals as Predators -- Sea Lions as Predators -- Killer Whales as Predators -- Sharks as Predators -- CHAPTER 13. PENGUINS ADJUSTING TO A CHANGING OCEAN -- Penguins Have Always Been Challenged by a Changing Ocean -- Prehistoric response to a changing ocean -- Possible prehistoric changes to penguins' food web -- The Anthropocene: How will Penguins Cope, Now Also Dealing with Humans? -- Response to long-term climate change -- Response to short-term ocean climate variation -- Response to marine pollution -- CHAPTER 14. NOT FORGETTING ̶ -- The Social Side - Behavior and Communication at Sea -- Penguin flock fusion/cohesion -- Penguin flock fission/fragmentation -- Navigation -- Long range -- Medium to short-range -- Understanding the Daily 'Wash' -- Air flux in diving penguins, an aspect of 'washing' -- Are Auks Really 'Northern Penguins'? -- Research Tags – the Flip Side for Evolutionarily-Honed Fish-Birds -- SECTION VI -- CHAPTER 15. PENGUINS ̶ WHY THE HYPE? -- Sources of Hype -- Us -- Many people -- Researchers -- The Transition -- The fascination of species -- Beyond the transition -- Role in Ecosystems -- Biomimicry -- Our Last Word.

1. Einleitung -- Teil I: Defizite der gegenwärtigen Theorien der EI -- 2. Föderalismus, Souveränität und Modernität -- 3. Die Obsoleszenz des Neofunktionalismus -- 4. Liberalismus: Do Economics Drive EI? -- 5: How to Solve the Problems of EI-Theory? -- Teil II: Europäischer Republikanismus -- 6. Ansätze für eine europäische Republik -- 7. Eine politische Philosophie der öffentlichen Güter -- Teil III: Überwindung der Probleme der EI-Theorie -- 8: Souveränität und monetäre Integration -- 9. Externalitäten durch einen gemeinsamen Faktormarkt -- 10. Was treibt die europäische Integration an? -- 11. Schlussfolgerungen.

Introduction -- 1. Interview with James O. Ramsay -- 2. Interview with Peter M. Bentler -- 3. Interview with Lawrence J. Hubert -- 4. Interview with Jan de Leeuw -- 5. Interview with Bengt O. Muthen -- 6. Interview with Paul W. Holland -- 7. Interview with Robert Mislevy -- 8. Interview with Ivo Molenaar -- 9. Interview with Susan Embretson -- 10. Interview with Wim J. van der Linden -- 11. Interview with David M. Thissen -- 12. Interview with Bill Stout -- 13. Interview with Jacqueline J. Meulman -- 14. Interview with Willem J. Heiser -- 15. Interview with Ulf Böckenholt -- 16. Interview with Paul de Boeck -- 17. Interview with Brian Junker -- 18. Interview with Jos ten Berge -- 19. Interview with Klaas Sijtsma -- 20. Interview with Hua-Hua Chang.-Themes & Visions.

1. Intangible Cultural Heritage: safeguarding embodied Creole cultures -- 2. Towards Safeguarding Creole Intangible Cultural Heritage: The 2003 UNESCO Convention -- 3 The Rejuvenation of Arts and Culture through Folklore -- 4. Valorisation of the Intangible Creole Heritage in Mauritius: A Case Study -- 5. The Spirit of Koudmen: The Genesis of Identity, Community and Cooperation in Saint Lucian Society -- 6. Embodying Creole Heritage: The Dominican Bélé -- 7. Entangled Threads: Creolisation of Plants and Landscape -- 8. Tourism Development in Creole Spaces: A Saint Lucian, island perspective -- 9. Advancing a Creole Centre of Excellence Framework -- 10. Conclusions: Looking Ahead to the 'After Acts'.

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Rockbund Art Museum—A museum's history of the present -- Chapter 3: Long Museum and Yuz Museum—A heterotopic vision mediated by billionaires -- Chapter 4: Art districts—A reflection on the fate of Chinese cities -- Chapter 5: Commercial gallery—A reinvention of self in the 'charismatic-networked game' -- Chapter 6: In-between spaces—A global adventure for collectors and curators -- Chapter 7: Conclusion.

Theorien und historische Linien der Kulturpolitik -- (Trans)Disziplinäre Zugänge und Konzepte der Kulturpolitik -- Rahmen und Förderbedingungen Künstlerischer Produktionen -- Kulturpolitik als Querschnittsagentin -- Kulturpolitikforschung und Methoden -- Akteur*innen und Handlungsräume -- Recht.

1. Migration von Osteuropa nach Australien: Geschichte, Zahlen und Forschungslücke -- 2. Neue ukrainische Migranten nach Australien: Drei Migrantenprofile -- 3. Tschechische Migranten, die in Australien ein Zuhause finden -- 4. Die neuen Ungarn in Bewegung -- 5. Neue Wege für Osteuropäer und Migrationsstudien.

Chapter 1. Freshwater microbiology: recent updates and prospects -- Chapter 2. The Chemical Composition of the Water in the Rivers, Lakes, and Wetlands of Uttarakhand -- Chapter 3. Microbial diversity of cold-water reservoirs and their prospective applications -- Chapter 4. Overview of microbial associations and their role under aquatic ecosystems -- Chapter 5. Plant-microbe interaction in Freshwater ecosystem for improving water quality -- Chapter 6. Microbial interactions with aquatic plants -- Chapter 7. Status of Microplastic pollution in the freshwater ecosystems -- Chapter 8. Heavy metal pollution in water: Cause and remediation strategies -- Chapter 9. Recent advances in biological wastewater treatment -- Chapter 10. Recent developments in wastewater treatments -- Chapter 11. Wastewater treatment: perspective and advancements -- Chapter 12. Overview of methods and processes used in waste water treatment -- Chapter 13. Role of microorganisms in polluted water treatment -- Chapter 14. Bioremediation of Polluted water -- Chapter 15. Pollution in freshwater: Impact and Prevention -- Chapter 16. Fresh water pollution: overview, prevention and control -- Chapter 17. Iron Degrading Bacteria in the Aquatic Environment: Current Trends and Future Directions -- Chapter 18. Bioactive compounds from aquatic ecosystem -- Chapter 19. Freshwater BGA: A potential candidate for sustainable agriculture and environment for the welfare of future planet earth -- Chapter 20. Factors affecting Fish migration.

Chapter 1_ An Introduction to the Functions and Ecosystems Services associated with aquatic macrophytes -- Chapter 2_ Factors structuring Aquatic Macrophytes -- Chapter 3_ Aquatic Macrophytes: Ecology, Function and Services in Niger Delta, Nigeria -- Chapter 4_ Environmental and Ecological Importance of Indian Aquatic Macrophytes -- Chapter 5_ Macrophytes used as complementary medicines for curing human ailments to facilitate livelihood opportunities -- Chapter 6_ Macrophytes and their role in wetland ecosystems -- Chapter 7_ Ecotoxicology of REEs in aquatic macrophytes and prospect for bioremediation of REEs -- Chapter 8_ Efficiency of Aquatic Plants for Remediation of Wastewater -- Chapter 9_ Phytoremediation of organic contaminants: An ecofriendly approach based application of aquatic macrophytes -- Chapter 10_ Remediation of heavy metals by different aquatic macrophytes -- Chapter 11_ Translocations of heavy metals in aquatic macrophytes naturally grown in the riverine ecosystem -- Chapter 12_ Enhanced Effluent Treatment and Bioelectricity Generation Using Coupled Constructed Wetland-Microbial Fuel Cell (CW-MFC) Technology: Challenges and Opportunities -- Chapter 13_ Role of microbial communities and aquatic macrophytes in constructed wetlands for tannery wastewater treatment: Challenges and opportunities -- Chapter 14_ Role of plant-bacteria association in constructed wetlands for the removal of iron (Fe) from contaminated water. .