Suchergebnisse

The research had as its starting point the recognition of the historical and social conditions of children who have experienced displacement in Colombia, as builders of stories against their reality in relation to others: family, school and community. As political subjects that have the ability to make speeches in front of his family socio reality, the experience of being displaced by violence and recognizing the changes in their environment when they reach the city. This article aims to analyze the experience of displacement by armed conflict and perceived changes in the family, children who have reached Potrero Grande city of Cali. The research is qualitative was performed from participatory workshops and semi-structured interviews as techniques for gathering information and the following results were obtained: for children displacement has meant a situation of rupture with its site of origin, their culture and their community; as family member changes the non-continuity of everyday activities with their family group were identified interaction spaces to the private area of the house, family disintegration change of residence, isolation and non-participation in activities offered by the host society are reduced . ; La investigación tuvo como punto de partida el reconocimiento de las condiciones históricas y sociales de los niños que han vivido el desplazamiento en Colombia, como constructores de relatos frente a su realidad en relación con otros: familia, escuela y comunidad. Como sujetos políticos que cuentan con la capacidad de emitir discursos frente a su realidad socio familiar, la experiencia de ser desplazados por la violencia, así como el reconocer los cambios en sus entornos cuando llegan a la ciudad. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la experiencia del desplazamiento por conflicto armado y los cambios que perciben en lo familiar, los niños y niñas que han llegado a Potrero Grande de la ciudad de Cali. Describir la experiencia del desplazamiento la experiencia del desplazamiento, analizar los cambios que perciben los niños y niñas en lo familiar y social al llegar como desplazados a la ciudad receptora. La investigación es de tipo cualitativo se realizó a partir de talleres participativos y entrevistas semiestructuradas como técnicas de recolección de información y se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: para los niños el desplazamiento significó una situación de ruptura con su sitio de origen, con su cultura y con su comunidad; como cambios socio familiares se identificaron la no continuidad de actividades cotidianas con su grupo familiar, se reducen los espacios de interacción al espacio privado de la casa, desintegración de la familia por cambio de residencia, aislamiento y no participación en actividades ofrecidas por la sociedad receptora.

La presente investigación, se enmarca dentro de la discusión sobre la vigencia de la noción de desarrollo. Los aciertos y desaciertos sobre este tema, frente a una realidad desafortunada para unos y afortunada para otros, ha llevado a plantearse hoy en día, si optar por el desarrollo alternativo o alternativas al desarrollo. Desde esta perspectiva, este trabajo intenta contrastar dos experiencias de desarrollo: la primera, una propuesta local conocida como Proyecto Nasa, implementada por el pueblo indígena del municipio de Toribio, departamento del Cauca sur occidente de Colombia. Esta iniciativa considerada propia, tiene una trayectoria de más de tres décadas y su gran objetivo es "lograr una comunidad nueva para pensar y actuar en la identificación de nuevas formas de organizar el trabajo, para la construcción participativa del buen vivir". La segunda, es un programa estatal denominado Laboratorio de paz, con presencia por casi una década en esta misma región, cuyo objetivo es la implementación de proyectos sociales, de formación política y de desarrollo económico sostenible, como alternativa a la generación de escenarios de paz. Estas dos formas de implementar el desarrollo, se analizan desde la teoría del desarrollo alternativo y el pos desarrollo, indagando si existe afinidad, contradicción o complementariedad entre las propuestas en su contribución a generar una cultura de paz y por ende de bienestar en su comunidad. ; This research is part of the discussion on the validity of the concept of development. The rights and wrongs on this subject compared to the unfortunate reality for some and fortunately for others, have led it to today, if you opt for the alternative development and development alternatives. From this perspective, this paper tries to contrast two developmental experiences: first, a local proposal known as Project Nasa, implemented by the indigenous people of the municipality of Toribio, Cauca Department, southwestern Colombia. This initiative is considered proper, its history has more than three decades and its main objective is "a new community to think and act in identifying new ways of organizing work, for the participatory construction of the good life."The second is a state program called Laboratory of Peace, which has been around for nearly one decade, in the same region, whose objective is the implementation of social projects, political training and economic development as an alternative to the peace scenarios generation. These two ways of implementing development are analyzed from the theory of alternative development and post-development, questioning whether there is affinity, contradiction or complementarity between the proposals, in their contribution to creating a peace culture, likewise of community welfare.

In industrialisierten Gesellschaften der Spätmoderne sind Selbstbedienungsautomaten vermehrt präsent. Die Automaten prägen nicht nur Landschaftsbilder und Räumlichkeiten mit, sie verändern auch alltägliche und allnächtliche Lebensweisen. Dass jedoch Selbstbedienungsautomaten eher unbeachtete dingliche Alltagsakteure sind, verwundert einen. In den Interaktionen zwischen Menschen und Selbstbedienungsautomaten kommen viele verschiedene Dingbedeutsamkeiten zum Ausdruck. Dem Automaten werden Bedeutungen zugeschrieben, jedoch weisen auch Selbstbedienungsautomaten den Menschen Bedeutungen zu. Der Umgang mit Selbstbedienungsautomaten ist von seiner technischen Funktionslogik her strikt vorgegeben, alle Arbeitsschritte sind ihm eingeschrieben. Dies zeigt sich ambivalent, zwischen partizpativen Freiheiten und technisch totalitären Praktiken. Störungen im Automaten ziehen individuell abweichende Handlungen, Reaktionen und Emotionen der sich daran bedienenden Person nach sich. Aus politisch-ökonomischer Perspektive werden Auslagerungen der Arbeit über Automaten an die KonsumentInnen mit der neoliberalen Akkumulationslogik erklärt. Anhand empirischer Erhebungen, verschiedener Quellen aus Medien und interdisziplinärer Theorien wird die Thematik in weiten Überblicken diskutiert. Mit einem offenen, explorativen, ethnographischen Zugang wurde versucht, die Fülle von Selbstbedienungsautomaten in seinen Dynamiken zu erfassen. Aus volkskundlich-kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive werden Selbstbedienungsautomaten als Alltagsakteure im Zusammenhang von Dingbedeutsamkeiten und politischen Kontexten ins Zentrum gestellt. Warum sind die Menschen immer mehr angehalten sich selbst an den bereitgestellten Automaten zu bedienen? Welche Effekte und kulturelle Transformationen entstehen dadurch? Im untrennbaren Zusammenhang von Kultur, Technik und Geist möchte diese vorliegende Masterarbeit einen Einblick in die bunte Automatenwelt geben. ; In industrialized societies of the late modern age automats have increasingly become everyday material objects. Automats do not only modify our environment and our premises, they also change our daily and nightly lives. It is amazing that automats seem to be everyday gadgets which are rather unnoticed and taken for granted. That is interesting because multifunctional automats do sell a very wide range of consumer goods and services usually 24 hours a day. The interactions between men and automats show that there is a variety of different significances of things. Automats are regarded as important for people, but automats also assign importance to people. From a technical point of view automats have to be strictly operated. People are forced to use the operating instructions correctly. This results in ambivalence between the participatory freedom of the individual and totalitarian technical instructions. Technical faults in the automats cause individual different actions, reactions and emotions of the people who use these machines. From a politcal-economic point of view work is transferred to the consumers. This is characteristic of the neo-liberal capitalistic accumulation logistics. This topic is widely discussed based on empirical investigations, different references from media and interdisciplinary theories. An open, exploratory, ethnographic approach tries to explain the development and variety of automats in their dynamism. Automats as everyday gadgets are put into a politcal context from a folkloric-cultural point of view. Why are more and more automats provided for people and why are people increasingly wanted to use them? Which consequences and cultural changes are caused by this? My master thesis tries to present a comprehensive picture of the world of automats based on the inseparable interrelation between culture, technology and the human mind. ; vorgelegt von Helmut Seidl ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Zsfassungen in dt. und engl. Sprache ; Graz, Univ., Masterarb., 2015 ; (VLID)444924

En momentos como el actual, donde se requieren cambios y acciones a todos los niveles, es necesario empoderar a las comunidades a través de la Educación Ambiental para fomentar su participación en lo local, municipal y/o regional, propiciando y diseñando estrategias propias de crecimiento que permitan un verdadero desarrollo sostenible. En este sentido, los PROCEDAS, son necesarios como apuesta estratégica vinculante que permite a los diferentes actores claves del municipio de Santuario/Risaralda empoderarse de la cultura política y adquirir así una comprensión sistémica de la complejidad ambiental, con el ánimo de fomentar la participación conjunta y diseñar sus futuros posibles y deseables. Estos PROCEDAS, que a lo largo del presente texto se transformaran en la Red de Gestión Social – RGS, no requieren de enormes capitales, ni de grandes infraestructuras, puesto que se presentan como procesos integradores que se puede llevar a cabo en pequeños espacios; aglutinando diversos actores sociales, quienes hoy aprenden, y mañana se transforman en dinamizadores ambientales, que fomentarán la participación y el trabajo con un fuerte diálogo de saberes. Este es el único modo posible de atenuar los efectos de los problemas ambientales que hasta hace unos años parecían preocupaciones de pocos, y que en estos tiempos se están manifestando con tal contundencia en las sociedades, que demuestran la necesidad de acciones urgentes donde los actores sociales se encuentren fortalecidos y preparados para mitigarlos y abordarlos desde lo participativo y solidario, desde una mirada ambiental. ; In times like the present, which need changes and actions at all levels, it is necessary to empower communities through environmental education to encourage their participation in local, municipal and / or regional level, promoting and designing own growth strategies for a genuine sustainable development. In this regard, you PROCEDAS, are needed as strategic commitment binding that allows different stakeholders of the municipality of Santuario / Risaralda empower the political culture and to acquire an understanding systemic environmental complexity, with the aim of encouraging mutual participation and designing their future possible and desirable. These you PROCEDAS, that throughout this text is transformed into Social Management Network - RGS do not need huge capital or major infrastructure, as it is presented as integrative processes that can take place in small spaces, bringing together social actors who learn today and tomorrow become environmental facilitators that encourage participation and work with a strong knowledge dialogue. This is the only possible way to mitigate the effects of environmental problems that until recently seemed few concerns, and that these days are manifesting with such forcefulness in societies that demonstrate the need for urgent action where social actors are strengthened and prepared to mitigate and address from the participatory and supportive, from an environmental.

From President Kennedy's first announcement of a non-military US volunteer corps in 1961, the Peace Corps has been one of the preeminent government grassroots volunteer development agency. This study explores the history of the ambiguities inherent in this contention, pressure primarily stemming from the organization's role as both a governmental diplomatic and a popular grassroots development agency. The genealogy of conflict stems from three ill-defined and considered elements: the grassroots volunteer, development, and the discourses of grassroots programming. In bracketing these terms, this study illustrates the ways organizational epistemology is fractured among political actors, staff, and volunteers. Though the Peace Corps organizational rhetoric has shifted these categories over the years, the organization's political face has remained dominant in organizational attitudes and expressions. This dissertation underscores the disproportionate weight of this side of the discourse, which is simultaneously most at odds with the idea of the horizontal, grassroots rhetoric of the organization. In demonstrating the paradox of the Peace Corps' simultaneous rhetorical role as a grassroots development organization and US political theater, I combed archival resources such as pamphlets, reports, internal memos, and posters produced by the organization to better understand the particular messages contained in these documents. While the images and narratives concerning the grassroots volunteer, development, and programming are varied, the overwhelming message is one of unexamined US benevolence. For comparison with volunteers with actual experience with these concepts, I conducted ethnographic interviews of volunteers and staff in one Peace Corps country, Outer Mongolia. In order to contextualize the Peace Corps' struggle with other similar governmental agencies, I also interviewed volunteers of the Japanese Overseas Cooperation Volunteers working in similar projects in Mongolia. Through an ethnographic semi-structured interview model of volunteers working in education, health, community economic development, and youth development sectors, I assessed volunteers' 1.) motivations and awareness of development, 2.) understandings of "empowerment" and "participation" among current development constituents, 3.) perceptions of host-country partners culture and history and 4.) visions for re-constituting the Peace Corps. Findings suggest that while some of the volunteers reiterated the Peace Corps' rhetorical perspectives of volunteer roles, development, and programming, many had either not considered these important aspects of their development experience or expressed views starkly opposite to that of the organization. The resulting investigation reveals not a splintered, failed program, but one internally odds with stated participatory, democratic ideals. Far from condemning this notable organization, this dissertation argues for greater organizational imagination through self-reflection among volunteers and staff about the horizon of possibilities of grassroots cooperation untethered from political rhetoric.

It is critically important to foster a resilient Deaf and hard-of-hearing (Deaf/HH) population empowered to act in a pre-event phase before and respond during and after critical large-scale public health emergencies. Standard all-hazards emergency preparedness risk & response communication efforts don't always reach people with barriers relating to literacy, language, culture or disability. This is a significant problem given that there is a growing body of evidence of higher risk during disasters for injury, death, property loss for 32 million Deaf/HH Americans and for 90 million Americans with low-literacy skills. It is beneficial to use a participatory, community-directed approach to improve all-hazards preparedness capacity for the Deaf/HH. This dissertation is in a three-paper format. Part I, a literature review, systematically examines all-hazards emergency communication access for the Deaf/HH during large-scale disasters with an eye towards maximizing emergency preparedness capacity within the Deaf community. The literature review does not simply examine lessons learned from any access issues that have been documented in previous disasters but also reviews the peer reviewed and gray literature (non-peer-reviewed literature, often non-published reports) to determine the need for interventions or systemic change on a policy-level. By identifying the scope and magnitude of the problem, this literature review is a stepping stone for Parts II and III, which aim to develop best practices for educational outreach and training for first responders. Part II is a program evaluation utilizing mixed methods of a training program for law enforcement officers at the scene of domestic violence (DV) emergencies involving the Deaf/HH. A program evaluation of cultural competency training for the Deaf/HH has never been published, to my knowledge, despite several available trainings for first responders or medical professionals and students nationally (Appendix 1). Once trainings are developed, standardized and shown to be beneficial, they can be distributed to Deaf/HH audiences and/or first responders, which can sustain longer-term development efforts that might mitigate the impact of future emergencies or improve the quality of life/infrastructure on broader levels. Part III is a qualitative exploration of barriers, attitudes, perceptions, and knowledge of law enforcement and first responders regarding working with the Deaf/HH in an emergency. Specific abstracts for each Part can be found in the corresponding section. The closing section provides a summary of policy and legislative developments on a national level that are informed by Deaf/HH experts in emergency communication; these developments have implications for further research and practice to address disparities in emergency preparedness communication for the Deaf/HH.

Ontario's County, Municipal and Conservation Authority forests have received little attention within the academic literature on community forestry in Canada. These "Agreement Forests", as they were once called, are a product of the early 20th century and have been under local government management since the 1990s. Most are situated in Southern Ontario. In this article we investigate the extent to which community forestry principles are at work in these forests. Three principles—participatory governance, local benefits and multiple forest use—are analyzed using a composite score approach derived from survey data collected from nearly all of these forest organizations (response rate = 80%). Results indicate that most of these organizations do display attributes associated with community forestry principles, including a local governance process, public participation activities, local employment and multiple-use management. Traditional forestry employment is less strong than in similar studies of Crown land community forests; however, there is an important emphasis on non-timber activities. The article concludes that the County, Municipal and Conservation Authority forests represents a unique approach, which reflects the specific geographic and socio-economic context in which it resides. / Les forêts cantonales, municipales et des offices de conservation de l'Ontario n'ont reçu qu'une faible couverture dans la littérature scientifique sur la foresterie communautaire au Canada. Ces « forêts d'entente (Agreement Forests) », comme on les appelait avant, ont été créées au début du XXe siècle et gérées par les autorités locales depuis les années 1990. La majeure partie de ces forêts sont situées dans le sud de l'Ontario. Dans cet article, nous cherchons à voir jusqu'à quel point les principes de foresterie communautaire sont mis en application dans ces forêts. L'étude porte sur trois principes – la gouvernance participative, les bénéfices locaux et l'utilisation polyvalente de la forêt – qui furent analysés avec l'approche de résultats combinés utilisant les données d'un sondage effectué auprès de presque toutes ces organisations forestières (taux de réponse = 80 %). Les résultats indiquent que la plupart de ces organisations présentent effectivement certains attributs rappelant les principes de la foresterie communautaire, incluant un processus de gouvernance locale, des activités de participation du public, l'embauche locale et l'aménagement à des fins d'utilisation polyvalente. Les emplois forestiers traditionnels ont moins d'importance que dans les études similaires des forêts communautaires établies sur des terres publiques; par contre, on accorde beaucoup d'importance aux activités sans prélèvement de bois. L'article conclut que les forêts cantonales, municipales et des offices de conservation constituent une approche unique qui reflète bien le contexte géographique et socio-économique spécifique dans lequel elles sont établies. ; Financial support from the Fonds québécois de la recherché sur la société et la culture and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. ; http://pubs.cif-ifc.org/doi/10.5558/tfc2012-136

La presente investigación, se enmarca dentro de la discusión sobre la vigencia de la noción de desarrollo. Los aciertos y desaciertos sobre este tema, frente a una realidad desafortunada para unos y afortunada para otros, ha llevado a plantearse hoy en día, si optar por el desarrollo alternativo o alternativas al desarrollo. Desde esta perspectiva, este trabajo intenta contrastar dos experiencias de desarrollo: la primera, una propuesta local conocida como Proyecto Nasa, implementada por el pueblo indígena del municipio de Toribio, departamento del Cauca sur occidente de Colombia. Esta iniciativa considerada propia, tiene una trayectoria de más de tres décadas y su gran objetivo es "lograr una comunidad nueva para pensar y actuar en la identificación de nuevas formas de organizar el trabajo, para la construcción participativa del buen vivir". La segunda, es un programa estatal denominado Laboratorio de paz, con presencia por casi una década en esta misma región, cuyo objetivo es la implementación de proyectos sociales, de formación política y de desarrollo económico sostenible, como alternativa a la generación de escenarios de paz. Estas dos formas de implementar el desarrollo, se analizan desde la teoría del desarrollo alternativo y el pos desarrollo, indagando si existe afinidad, contradicción o complementariedad entre las propuestas en su contribución a generar una cultura de paz y por ende de bienestar en su comunidad. ; This research is part of the discussion on the validity of the concept of development. The rights and wrongs on this subject compared to the unfortunate reality for some and fortunately for others, have led it to today, if you opt for the alternative development and development alternatives. From this perspective, this paper tries to contrast two developmental experiences: first, a local proposal known as Project Nasa, implemented by the indigenous people of the municipality of Toribio, Cauca Department, southwestern Colombia. This initiative is considered proper, its history has more than three decades and its main objective is "a new community to think and act in identifying new ways of organizing work, for the participatory construction of the good life."The second is a state program called Laboratory of Peace, which has been around for nearly one decade, in the same region, whose objective is the implementation of social projects, political training and economic development as an alternative to the peace scenarios generation. These two ways of implementing development are analyzed from the theory of alternative development and post-development, questioning whether there is affinity, contradiction or complementarity between the proposals, in their contribution to creating a peace culture, likewise of community welfare.

For centuries, the algerian steppe has been exploited by nomadic tribes living by pastoral transhumant herding of small ruminants. Divided and destabilized by inappropriate government policies and projects during and after the french colonization, these tribal-regulated pastureland have given way to a competitive family-operation mode of pasture. To meet a growing demand for ovine meat, following a high population growth, breeders increased their herds, extended the mechanized grain farming and increased purchases of feed grains. The overloaded ranges that supplied the bulk of animal feed have been degraded, transhumance reduced and small breeders impoverished. Today, the prohibition of cereals culture on fragile lands and the closure of degraded grazing pastures are a necessity. However, they will not be enough either to protect or to restore the fertility of the steppe, nor sufficient to improve the livelihoods of agro-pastoralists; and will remain so as long as the untapped cropland and pastureland resources in the region have not been permanently deployed to increase and regulate forage availability. Sustainable development of agro-pastoral livestock in the steppe would be greatly facilitated by implementing participatory and coordinated programs and projects, integrated to strategies for sustainable development of the region and country. ; Durant des siècles, la steppe algérienne a été exploitée par des tribus nomades qui vivaient de l'élevage pastoral transhumant des petits ruminants. Fractionnée et déstabilisée par des politiques et des projets inappropriés pendant et après la colonisation française, cette exploitation collective et régulée des parcours a cédé la place à un mode d'exploitation familial concurrentiel. Pour répondre à une demande croissante de viande ovine, consécutive à un fort accroissement démographique, les éleveurs ont accru leurs troupeaux, étendu la céréaliculture fourragère motorisée et multiplié les achats de céréales fourragères. Surchargés, les parcours qui fournissaient l'essentiel de l'alimentation des animaux, ont été dégradés, la transhumance réduite et les petits éleveurs appauvris. Aujourd'hui, l'interdiction de la céréaliculture sur les terres fragiles et la mise en défens des pâturages dégradés sont plus que nécessaires. Elles ne seront cependant ni assez respectées pour protéger ou restaurer la fertilité de la steppe, ni suffisantes pour améliorer les conditions d'existence des agropasteurs, et elles le resteront tant que les ressources inexploitées en terres cultivables et en pâturages de la région n'auront pas été durablement mobilisées pour accroitre et réguler les disponibilités fourragères. Ainsi rendu possible, le développement durable de l'élevage agropastoral dans la steppe serait grandement facilité par l'élaboration et la réalisation participatives d'un ensemble coordonné de programmes et de projets, intégré aux stratégies de développement durable de la région et du pays.

Based on a research carried out in Córdoba, Argentina, the author analyzes the way in which residential segregation becomes an element that strengthens social differentiation in urban areas. Likewise, the process of socio-territorial segmentation is related to certain types of governmental policies. According to the research, urban policies tend to take into account only the physical dimension of the city, issues such health care, education, culture and social promotion lack integrity and an appropriate territorial anchorage. In order to overcome these difficulties, the author proposes urban policies that should have three main characteristics: a participatory management approach, an integral approach, in which social issues are consider along with economic, environmental and cultural issues and an articulation of the municipal, provincial and federal levels in order to deal with the most important urban problems. Finally, the author considers the necessary institutional capacities that are required to make this type of urban policies possible. ; Con base en una investigación referida a la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, el autor analiza el modo en que la segregación residencial opera como factor constitutivo de diferencias sociales en el colectivo urbano. Asimismo, se vincula el fenómeno de la fragmentación socio-espacial observada con la implementación de determinadas políticas estatales. Se constata que las políticas urbanísticas se ocupan exclusivamente de aspectos físicos de la ciudad, en tanto las de salud, educación, cultura y promoción social carecen de integralidad y de un anclaje territorial apropiado. Para superar estas limitaciones se propone que las intervenciones urbanas adopten tres características: gestión participativa desde los territorios; abordaje integral de cuestiones sociales, económicas, ambientales y culturales; y articulación de las esferas municipal, provincial y federal del Estado para atender las cuestiones prioritarias de la ciudad. Finalmente, se consideran las capacidades institucionales que se han de desarrollar para hacer posibles estas innovaciones en materia de gestión urbana. ; Baseado numa pesquisa sobre a cidade de Córdoba na Argentina, o autor analisa o jeito no qual a segregação residencial age como fator que constitui diferenças sociais no coletivo urbano. Igualmente, vincula-se o fenômeno da fragmentação sócio-espacial observada na implementação de políticas estatais determinadas. Constata-se que as políticas urbanísticas atendem só aspetos físicos da cidade; enquanto os de saúde, educação, cultura e promoção social carecem de integralidade e de uma ancoragem territorial apropriada. Propõe-se, para superar estas limitações, que as intervenções urbanas adotem três características: gestão participativa desde os territórios, abordagem integral das questões sociais, econômicas, ambientais e culturais, e articulação das esferas municipal, provincial e federal do Estado para atender as questões prioritárias da cidade. Finalmente, consideram-se as capacidades institucionais a desenvolver para fazer possíveis inovações na área da gestão urbana.

Baseado numa pesquisa sobre a cidade de Córdoba na Argentina, o autor analisa o jeito no qual a segregação residencial age como fator que constitui diferenças sociais no coletivo urbano. Igualmente, vincula-se o fenômeno da fragmentação sócio-espacial observada na implementação de políticas estatais determinadas. Constata-se que as políticas urbanísticas atendem só aspetos físicos da cidade; enquanto os de saúde, educação, cultura e promoção social carecem de integralidade e de uma ancoragem territorial apropriada. Propõe-se, para superar estas limitações, que as intervenções urbanas adotem três características: gestão participativa desde os territórios, abordagem integral das questões sociais, econômicas, ambientais e culturais, e articulação das esferas municipal, provincial e federal do Estado para atender as questões prioritárias da cidade. Finalmente, consideram-se as capacidades institucionais a desenvolver para fazer possíveis inovações na área da gestão urbana. ; Con base en una investigación referida a la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, el autor analiza el modo en que la segregación residencial opera como factor constitutivo de diferencias sociales en el colectivo urbano. Asimismo, se vincula el fenómeno de la fragmentación socio-espacial observada con la implementación de determinadas políticas estatales. Se constata que las políticas urbanísticas se ocupan exclusivamente de aspectos físicos de la ciudad, en tanto las de salud, educación, cultura y promoción social carecen de integralidad y de un anclaje territorial apropiado. Para superar estas limitaciones se propone que las intervenciones urbanas adopten tres características: gestión participativa desde los territorios; abordaje integral de cuestiones sociales, económicas, ambientales y culturales; y articulación de las esferas municipal, provincial y federal del Estado para atender las cuestiones prioritarias de la ciudad. Finalmente, se consideran las capacidades institucionales que se han de desarrollar para hacer posibles estas innovaciones en materia de gestión urbana. ; Based on a research carried out in Córdoba, Argentina, the author analyzes the way in which residential segregation becomes an element that strengthens social differentiation in urban areas. Likewise, the process of socio-territorial segmentation is related to certain types of governmental policies. According to the research, urban policies tend to take into account only the physical dimension of the city, issues such health care, education, culture and social promotion lack integrity and an appropriate territorial anchorage. In order to overcome these difficulties, the author proposes urban policies that should have three main characteristics: a participatory management approach, an integral approach, in which social issues are consider along with economic, environmental and cultural issues and an articulation of the municipal, provincial and federal levels in order to deal with the most important urban problems. Finally, the author considers the necessary institutional capacities that are required to make this type of urban policies possible.

The Technological University Dublin is one of the largest multi-level higher education providers in Ireland, catering for over 22,000 students annually. Under the 1999 Qualifications (Education and Training) Act, DIT became an awarding body in its own right. Programme provision covers apprenticeships, short continuous professional development courses, taught undergraduate and postgraduate, research MPhil and PhDs. While the Institute's traditional mission1 was focused on teaching and learning in the field of advanced technical vocational education and training (TVET), over the last decade the importance of developing a research informed culture has become prominent in the strategic policy development of the Institute. Within this new emerging research agenda substantial achievements have been made in specific fields such as; science, engineering, ICT, tourism & food. However the research potential of a large portion of staff who work in the apprenticeship and craft area has been underdeveloped. This paper reviews some contextual information relating to the emerging research agenda as expressed in documents produced by the Institutes of Technology in Ireland and the DIT. It sign-posts significant Irish national strategies and notes some European Union initiatives that have relevance to research policy in this sector of higher education. The research then applies a 'single case study' (Yin 1996) to describe a new initiative which seeks to unlock the research potential of staff in the apprenticeship and craft area in DIT. Reporting the findings from a pilot Research Capacity Building project, which was run in DIT in 2008. This was a collaborative project between the Head of Department of Construction Skills and the Project Manager of the Skills Research Initiative, offered to Assistant Lecturers in the Wood Skills area. The paper details the emergence of this project and utilises '4th generation evaluation' methodology (Guba & Lincoln 1986) to access the effectiveness and future potential of this type of initiative. Further by adopting a participatory 'insider' research approach the 'lived experience' and 'voice' of staff who participated in the project is captured through in-depth ethnographic interviews. The research demonstrates a willingness of staff working in the apprenticeship and craft area to engage in, and develop skills, competencies and knowledge relating to research 'praxis'. However there seems to be a 'cultural gap' and mismatch between the high level national and sectoral research policy narratives, and the direct research capacity and capability needs of apprenticeship and craft staff. The research recommends that in order for this staff cohort to gain a footprint in the research domain, there is a need for localized and flexible research capacity building initiatives. This type of proactive research capacity building intervention can facilitate the unlocking, production and dissemination of the rich expert knowledge, experience and skills inherent in the apprenticeship and craft areas.

The proceedings of the Weizenbaum Conference 2021 "Democracy in Flux: Order, Dynamics and Voices in Digital Public Spheres" have been funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (BMBF) (grant no.: 16DII121, 16DII122, 16DII123, 16DII124, 16DII125, 16DII126, 16DII127,16DII128 – "Deutsches Internet-Institut").

Entgegen der "Local Governance"-Hypothese ist in der kommunalen Haushaltskrise seit den 2000er Jahren kein Trend zu mehr dialogorientierter Bürgerbeteiligung erkennbar. Vielmehr führen die begrenzten Ressourcen und die Kosten-Nutzen-Kalkulationen der Akteure zu einem Rückgang der Bürgerbeteiligung. Die geringe Umsetzung von Beteiligungsergebnissenin der Haushaltskrise fördert die Politikverdrossenheit der Bürger, die bei hohem Aufwand nur wenig Nutzen aus ihrer Beteiligung ziehen und deshalb häufiger die Exit-Option wählen. Für die kommunalen Entscheidungsträger ist der Einsatz von Bürgerforen und Bürgerhaushalten ebenfalls wenig lohnend, weil diese wenig zur Haushaltskonsolidierung beitragen und viele Ressourcen der Verwaltung binden. Stattdessen setzen die Kommunen auf hierarchisch koordinierte, eng zugeschnittene und nichtdialogorientierte Beteiligungsverfahren wie den "Sparbürgerhaushalt".

International audience ; The Sharing Economy is much more than collaborative consumption (Botsman and Rogers, 2011) even if this appears as the most visible achievement of this sector. Production, consumption, finance, exchanges are disrupted by the sharing economy revolution. But what are the common points between Airbnb, Uber, Wikipedia, Ulule, Blablacar, Kickstarter, the FabLabs/hackespaces, the Local exchange trading systems (LETS), Linux, etc.?Most of these achievements rely upon digital platforms (Kenney and Zysman, 2015) enabling peer-to-peer exchanges. These digital platforms act as « weapon of mass collaboration » (Tapscott & Williams - 2007), flattening relationships between Internet users and inside organizations (Castells, 1996 ; 2002).Specifying what the sharing economy is isn't an easy task. For-profit, non-profit, reciprocity, competition can be observed at a stage or another in the sharing economy galaxy. A bright constellation in this galaxy is the think tank Ouishare created in France in 2012. It's s a « global community that connects people, organizations and ideas around fairness, openness and trust » (ouishare.net). For them collaborative economy deals with five phenomena: collaborative consumption, crowdfunding, open knowledge (open data, open education, open governance), the maker movement (open design and manufacturing, do it yourself), open and horizontal governance (participatory budgeting, open government initiatives, co-operatives, open value networks, do-ocracries, holacracies).Internet seems to enable peer-to-peer exchanges between consumers (Bauwens, 2005) who are also sometimes producers (Tapscot and William - 2007 speak about "prosumers" to stress how the lines have been blurring). Of course Uber and Airbnb's algorithms are working like digital auctioneers: tiny invisible hands enabling peer-to-peer exchanges. Could this be the return of Smith or Hayek? Why am I asking this question? Because Jimmy Wales, Wikipedia's founder, pointed out "Hayek's work on price theory is central to my own thinking about how to manage the Wikipedia project" (Mangu-Ward, 2007). In order to figure out how to understand the complexity of the sharing economy we propose to explore three paths to characterize it. In the first one we'll distinguish, with Karl Polanyi, two kinds of economy. Then we will try to figure out where to position the sharing economy (1). In the second one we'll see if all the sharing economy organizations really share everything and how (2). The last way to characterize the sharing economy is around its global political project (3).1) The economic anthropologist Karl Polanyi is known for his opposition to traditional economic thought. He distinguishes two ways to understand economy: formal and substantive (Polanyi, 1944). The formal meaning refers to an economy interested only in minimizing means and maximizing results (in neoclassical words: utility maximization under conditions of scarcity). The substantive meaning refers to how humans make a living interacting within their social and natural environments. In this case the economy is embedded in society. Karl Polanyi identifies four principles (or forms of integration) of economic behavior, three in a substantive meaning (reciprocity, redistribution, domestic administration) and the last in the formal sense (market exchange). These principles will be used to classify sharing economies.2) The sharing economy seems to offer a third way between state and market, the collaborative commons (Rifkin, 2014), which are aimed to produce, innovate, manage, all in common (Ostrom, 1990; Hess & Ostrom, 2007). Some projects or organizations of the sharing economy are managed as common pool resources (Wikipedia, Linux). These projects/organizations have been deeply influenced by the free culture movement (Lessig, 2004 ; Suber, 2012 ; Stallman, 1985) very present in Internet culture (Castells, 1996 ; Benkler 2002) and are close to a an economy in its substantive meaning. The principles of common pool resource management (Ostrom, 1990) are, according to us, useful tools to characterize sharing economy projects.3) Proponents of the sharing economy advocate action. This is to participate in the creation of a new world by being an agent of change. Acting is a way to test ideas and overcome the internal contradictions of the movement. 3D printers, laser cutters, digital milling machine found in all FabLabs provide access to a new form of bricolage, an interconnected DIY (Anderson, 2012 ; Lallement, 2015). More than a political project, a way of being: to not be a passive consumer and join the ranks of the makers (Anderson, 2012). The concept of bricolage (Levi-Strauss, 1962 ; Duymedian et Rüling, 2010 ; Gundry et al., 2003 ; Garud et Karnøe, 2003) could help us in identifying the real spirit of the sharing economy.On the one hand the culture of open access (Suber, 2012) where peers gather behind a socially useful project and produce in common; on the other huge corporations that take advantage of the opportunities opened up by the internet to establish a " netarchical capitalism" (Bauwens and Kostakis, 2014). The sharing economy concentrates contradictions. We hope to give, in this paper, some guidelines to identify sharing economies.