Ownership effect in the wild: Influence of land ownership on agribusiness goals and decisions in the Argentine Pampas
In: Journal of behavioral and experimental economics, Band 58, S. 162-170
ISSN: 2214-8043
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In: Journal of behavioral and experimental economics, Band 58, S. 162-170
ISSN: 2214-8043
In: Strategic change, Band 27, Heft 1, S. 9-21
ISSN: 1099-1697
AbstractMergers and acquisitions (M&A) are important to companies as it allows them to acquire capabilities that they cannot create internally and to grow quickly. M&A transaction pricing relates to the pricing of these M&A deals and this article analyzes if behavioral finance factors like risk aversion, optimism, and loss aversion have an impact on this pricing. Prospect Theory and Cumulative Prospect Theory are applied to an agent‐based model to solve this problem. Results of this article show that M&A transaction price does respond to a change in risk aversion and optimism traits of the acquirer and target companies respectively, as well as, loss aversion and certainty (probability of gains and losses). When, the acquirer is risk taking and target company is optimistic, the M&A transaction price increases. However, with increasing certainty of gains and reducing loss aversion (increasing loss aversion co‐efficient; as gains are perceived to have the same weight as losses), the M&A transaction price seems to reduce. These results are compared with the recent mergers of Verizon and AOL as well as Verizon and Yahoo, to understand if these results would occur in practice. Analyzing these mergers, it seems that the outcomes from this model does provide insight on the pricing of these M&A transactions. This article also analyzes how these behaviors would impact the pricing when three different acquirers are trying to take over a target company. Results show that loss aversion has a significant effect on this pricing with risk aversion and optimism also having some minor impact. But, the existence of multiple acquirers does positively increase the M&A transaction price.
Reinhard Selten, to date the only German Nobel Prize laureate in economics, celebrates his 80th birthday in 2010. While his contributions to game theory are well-known, the behavioral side of his scientific work has received less public exposure, even though he has been committed to experimental research during his entire career, publishing more experimental than theoretical papers in top-tier journals. This Festschrift is dedicated to Reinhard Selten's exceptional influence on behavioral and experimental economics. In this collection of academic highlight papers, a number of his students are joined by leading scholars in experimental research to document the historical role of the 'Meister' in the development of the research methodology and of several sub-fields of behavioral economics. Next to the academic insight in these highly active fields of experimental research, the papers also provide a glance at Reinhard Selten's academic and personal interaction with his students and peers.
In: ECB Working Paper No. 2018
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Working paper
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Working paper
In: Twin research and human genetics: the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies (ISTS) and the Human Genetics Society of Australasia, Band 14, Heft 6, S. 539-543
ISSN: 1839-2628
The present study is the first to examine relationships between alexithymia and trait emotional intelligence (trait EI or trait emotional self-efficacy) at the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental levels. The study was also conducted to resolve inconsistencies in previous twin studies that have provided estimates of the extent to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to individual differences in alexithymia. Participants were 216 monozygotic and 45 dizygotic same-sex twin pairs who completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. In a pilot study, a sub-sample of 118 MZ and 27 DZ pairs also completed the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. Results demonstrated that a combination of genetic and non-shared environmental influences contribute to individual differences in alexithymia. As expected, alexithymia and trait EI were negatively correlated at the phenotypic level. Bivariate behavioral genetic analyses showed that that all but one of these correlations was primarily attributable to correlated genetic factors and secondarily to correlated non-shared environmental factors.
In: Developmental science, Band 12, Heft 1, S. 1-18
ISSN: 1467-7687
Abstract The hierarchical competing systems model (HCSM) provides a framework for understanding the emergence and early development of executive function – the cognitive processes underlying the conscious control of behavior – in the context of search for hidden objects. According to this model, behavior is determined by the joint influence of a developmentally invariant habit system and a conscious representational system that becomes increasingly influential as children develop. This article describes a computational formalization of the HCSM, reviews behavioral and computational research consistent with the model, and suggests directions for future research on the development of executive function.
In: Working paper series no. 2018, 11
Willingness to pay (WTP) is known to be lower for remanufactured products than for comparable new products. Normative work to date has assumed that a consumer's WTP for a remanufactured product is a fraction, called discount factor, of the consumer's WTP for a corresponding new product, and that this discount factor is constant across consumers. Recent empirical research demonstrates, however, that the discount factor is not constant across consumers. This discovery has led researchers to call for an exploration of more refined utility models that incorporate heterogeneous risk preferences through elements such as risk aversion, loss aversion, and ambiguity aversion. To address this call, this manuscript assesses each of these risk preference elements by empirically deriving WTP distributions from two interlinked studies. To provide triangulation in both the empirical method and sample, the interlinked studies employ an online survey and a laboratory experiment that elicits WTP for framed lotteries that proxy the situation of buying remanufactured products. The empirical results and robustness verifications demonstrate that a parsimonious standard utility model incorporating only risk aversion explains the WTP data reasonably well.
In: Fooks , G J & Gilmore , A B 2013 , ' Corporate philanthropy, political influence, and health policy ' , PLoS ONE , vol. 8 , no. 11 , e80864 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080864
Background: The Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC) provides a basis for nation states to limit the political effects of tobacco industry philanthropy, yet progress in this area is limited. This paper aims to integrate the findings of previous studies on tobacco industry philanthropy with a new analysis of British American Tobacco's (BAT) record of charitable giving to develop a general model of corporate political philanthropy that can be used to facilitate implementation of the FCTC. Method: Analysis of previously confidential industry documents, BAT social and stakeholder dialogue reports, and existing tobacco industry document studies on philanthropy. Results: The analysis identified six broad ways in which tobacco companies have used philanthropy politically: developing constituencies to build support for policy positions and generate third party advocacy; weakening opposing political constituencies; facilitating access and building relationships with policymakers; creating direct leverage with policymakers by providing financial subsidies to specific projects; enhancing the donor's status as a source of credible information; and shaping the tobacco control agenda by shifting thinking on the importance of regulating the market environment for tobacco and the relative risks of smoking for population health. Contemporary BAT social and stakeholder reports contain numerous examples of charitable donations that are likely to be designed to shape the tobacco control agenda, secure access and build constituencies. Conclusions and Recommendations: Tobacco companies' political use of charitable donations underlines the need for tobacco industry philanthropy to be restricted via full implementation of Articles 5.3 and 13 of the FCTC. The model of tobacco industry philanthropy developed in this study can be used by public health advocates to press for implementation of the FCTC and provides a basis for analysing the political effects of charitable giving in other industry sectors which have an impact on public health such as alcohol and food.
BASE
In: The journal of business & industrial marketing, Band 11, Heft 3/4, S. 94-107
ISSN: 2052-1189
Identifies sources of influence in organizational buying choices from a review of the literature. Constructs a model of influence by extending the buying behavior model of Webster and Wind (1972). Uses the model to categorize and analyze representative research of influence on organizational buying choice processes over the period 1970‐1995. Indicates that new research directions and emphasis in a number of areas could improve the usefulness of research results to marketing management. Recommendations include: use of a higher unit of analysis, investigation of non‐deterministic choice behavior, greater use of integrating or broad‐based studies, reduction in use of self‐professed data, more research of relatively neglected areas of influence, and more empirical testing of conceptual models.
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BASE
In: Small group behavior, Band 18, Heft 1, S. 56-71
A theory of leadership effectiveness in small discussion/decision-making groups is developed to facilitate discussion and goal efficacy. Based upon two task dimensions specified by Shaw (1973), a fourfold typology of group motivation is developed. Four leadership styles (coordinator, inventor, enthusiast, and director) are developed focusing on two critical questions that the group leader must address. Specific behavioral examples are explicated for the four leadership styles. Implications of the model for leadership training and group intervention are discussed.
In: American behavioral scientist: ABS, Band 57, Heft 10, S. 1480-1499
ISSN: 0002-7642
In: decision support systems, forthcoming
SSRN
In: Group & organization studies, Band 6, Heft 3, S. 283-290
Managers, in particular, need to understand the dynamics of power and influence in their organizations, yet very few training designs or strategies are available that facilitate the process. The few approaches that are available tend to be abstract and conceptual rather than specific and behavioral. This article discusses an activity in which participants are asked to identify organizational situations in which they have tried to "get their way" with superiors, peers, or subordinates. Participants are then asked to write brief essays on (1) what they wanted, (2) what they did, (3) whether they experienced resistance from the other person, and (4) what further influence strategies they used. Participants, working in pairs, score each other's essays by using a form that includes an analysis of the tactics. Each dyad then discusses the relationship between the status of the person being in fluenced, the nature of the demand, and the tactics involved. Suggestions for using this design are provided.