Suchergebnisse

Security have concern authorities and civil society during last years. Different society's substrates have different perceptions on security. Present document explores reliability and validity of an instrument which measures security perception in bachelor's students by reviewing seven dimensions: territorial, national, public (government), human, public (self-protection), private and internaut. Accordingly, setting values and residual permitted to accept the null hypothesis significant relationship between the theoretical dimensions with respect to the weighted factors.

La situación actual. Desde 1551, año en el que se creó la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, el número de universidades en el Perú creció progresivamente, hasta alcanzar en 1996 un total de 59 universidades, de las cuales 31 son privadas y 28 públicas (Asociación Nacional de Rectores, 2012). A partir de la aprobación del Decreto Legislativo 882 por el Congreso de la República con fecha 9 de noviembre de 1996, orientado a promover la inversión privada en educación en un contexto de demanda creciente de postulantes, se produjo un crecimiento notable del número de instituciones de educación superior universitaria, llegando a 143, 92 privadas y 51 públicas, en el 2018 (Superintendencia Nacional de Educación Superior Universitaria, 2018). ; Revisado por pares

Youth are disproportionately affected by substance use and associated sexual risk behaviors, increasing STI and HIV susceptibility. This study analyzed the interplay between alcohol/drug use before sex (ABS/DBS), perceived sex approval (e.g., perceived familial or peer approval in engaging in sex), and HIV/STI risk perception among youth aged 13–21 ( n = 150). We assessed how these factors influenced condomless vaginal/anal sex (VAS) and oral sex practices. Results showed significant interactions between perceived sex approval and lifetime ABS for lifetime condomless VAS, and between HIV/STI risk perception and lifetime ABS for current condomless oral sex. These findings underline the influence of perceived sex approval and HIV/STI risk perception on youth's sexual behaviors. Implications for targeted interventions are discussed.

Thesis writing during undergraduate studies is one of the most important undergraduate achievements given that students receive their degrees based on this work. Therefore, the objective of our research was to characterize different thesis writing factors in a public university. We used a mixed-methods approach that included a questionnaire and interview questions. The population was 448 students and the final sample included 208 students from the Faculty of Education at a large state university in Peru. For the questionnaire, Cronbach's Alpha showed a reliability of 0.80. Meanwhile the construct reliability was measured with the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy and was 0.74. Results showed that perceptions about thesis writing factors were medium (40.4%). Regarding personal factors showed a medium level of 44.2%, and students indicated that they had little time to elaborate their theses mostly because of work. Academic factors showed a medium level of 38.9%, and students manifested that they apply what they have learned in research courses, that their one-on-one consulting has been effective, and that they have good knowledge of APA, writing skills and use of Mendeley or Zotero. Finally, institutional factors were medium at 39.3%, and students expressed that although institutional standards do exist for thesis writing, they lack adequate diffusion. Also, students mentioned courses given by the library, among other factors.

Received: 8 November 2023 / Accepted: 26 December 2023 / Published: 5 January 2024

Resumo O artigo apresenta as ações solidárias como primeira resposta à crise Covid-19 no Brasil. Realizou-se uma busca de notícias sobre a formação de redes de solidariedade frente à situação pandêmica no país e realizada uma análise de clusters, em discussão baseada na Teoria da Dádiva. Foram identificados três grupos: cluster de ações de mitigação; cluster integrativo; e cluster de ajuda nos processos. A primeira resposta configura-se em rápida mobilização da sociedade civil para doar produtos e serviços de maneira a complementar às lacunas deixadas pelo Estado por meio de processos semelhantes aos da dádiva. Vislumbra-se uma agenda de atuação para a administração pública nos eixos: legitimidade e reconhecimento para as redes solidárias; fomento da parceria público-privada; e investimento para a ciência e tecnologia. Dentre as lições que podem ser aprendidas estão a dádiva, a cooperação e o compromisso mútuo, bem como as possibilidades para uma gestão pública efetiva e uma sociedade solidária e democrática.

Abstract Background The growing burden of dengue fever and the lack of a vaccine or specific medical treatment have increased the urgency of the public health sector to identify alternative management strategies. A prevailing trend in Latin America has been a shift towards decentralized vector control programs with integrated management strategies, requiring significant intersectoral coordination, community engagement, and knowledge of the local social-ecological system (SES). Community perceptions and responses are a critical component of this system, since perceptions shape actions, and thus govern behavioral responses and acceptance of shifts in policy and management. Methods We investigated perceptions, misconceptions, and local SES risk factors for dengue in high risk communities located at the urban periphery and center in Machala, Ecuador. We facilitated twelve focus group discussions with community members using semi-structured question guides and causal diagrams. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and coded to identify emergent themes using qualitative methods for theme analysis. To estimate the relative importance of the themes in each study area, we tabulated the number of focus groups in which each theme was present. Household surveys (n = 79) were conducted to further explore these themes, and we compared survey responses from the two areas using descriptive statistics. Results We identified thirty biophysical, political-institutional, and community-household risk factors for dengue. People at the periphery identified a greater number of risk factors. Dengue control required considerable investment of time and resources, which presented a greater challenge for women and people at the periphery. Common misperceptions included confusion with other febrile diseases, lack of knowledge of transmission mechanisms, and misconceptions about mosquito behavior. People perceived that dengue control programs had been limited by the lack of inter-institutional coordination and lack of social cohesion. Conclusions There is a need for local, policy-relevant research that can be translated to strengthen the design, implementation, and evaluation of new dengue management strategies. This study contributes to a growing body of research in this area. Based on these findings, we identify key policy and management recommendations that will inform the ongoing transition to a decentralized dengue control program in Ecuador and other dengue endemic countries.

BACKGROUND: El Niño and its effect on local meteorological conditions potentially influences interannual variability in dengue transmission in southern coastal Ecuador. El Oro province is a key dengue surveillance site, due to the high burden of dengue, seasonal transmission, co-circulation of all four dengue serotypes, and the recent introduction of chikungunya and Zika. In this study, we used climate forecasts to predict the evolution of the 2016 dengue season in the city of Machala, following one of the strongest El Niño events on record. METHODS: We incorporated precipitation, minimum temperature, and Niño3·4 index forecasts in a Bayesian hierarchical mixed model to predict dengue incidence. The model was initiated on Jan 1, 2016, producing monthly dengue forecasts until November, 2016. We accounted for misreporting of dengue due to the introduction of chikungunya in 2015, by using active surveillance data to correct reported dengue case data from passive surveillance records. We then evaluated the forecast retrospectively with available epidemiological information. FINDINGS: The predictions correctly forecast an early peak in dengue incidence in March, 2016, with a 90% chance of exceeding the mean dengue incidence for the previous 5 years. Accounting for the proportion of chikungunya cases that had been incorrectly recorded as dengue in 2015 improved the prediction of the magnitude of dengue incidence in 2016. INTERPRETATION: This dengue prediction framework, which uses seasonal climate and El Niño forecasts, allows a prediction to be made at the start of the year for the entire dengue season. Combining active surveillance data with routine dengue reports improved not only model fit and performance, but also the accuracy of benchmark estimates based on historical seasonal averages. This study advances the state-of-the-art of climate services for the health sector, by showing the potential value of incorporating climate information in the public health decision-making process in Ecuador. FUNDING: European Union FP7, Royal Society, and National Science Foundation.