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NATO-Soviet arms race; effects of modernization on size of arsenal needed.

The progress of modern society has increased not only the quantity of leisure time but also its quality; the interaction between leisure & work is a humanizing process which involves the expansion of education & culture. Ancient societies granted their workers roughly 50 days of leisure per year, but modern societies grant them 130-150. Leisure time will soon expand significantly, as advances in technology increase productivity. Statistics on the volume of tourism worldwide are presented; research on tourism is described. The TOUR project, a multinational comparative research effort, is described in detail, & its findings on Yugoslavian tourism emphasized. 5 Tables, 3 Figures. R. Currier.

This book aims to explore and valorize marketing paradigms utilized by various western European countries in order to manage their tourism offerings and position them in the global tourism arena. The book aims to enhance tourism literature by examining and comparing contemporary marketing tools currently used in western- European countries' case studies for understanding how tourism marketing on this side of the continent has been handled and has evolved in an era of contradictory forces such as competitiveness versus sustainability, locality versus globalization, maturity versus new product development, and traditional media versus new technologies.

The Republic of Serbia is in the process of joining the EU, which implies harmonization of Serbia's agricultural policy with Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) measures and mechanisms that are constantly in the process of reforming. The aim of the paper is to present the CAP reform solutions for the 2014-2020 programming period, as well as their comparison with the instruments of agricultural policy in Serbia. The analysis is primarily focused on direct payments due to their significance, in the total EU and the CAP budget, and importance in overall agricultural support in Serbia. Comparison of the instruments of CAP with the instruments of agricultural policy of Serbia, within direct payments, indicates significant differences. Namely, agricultural policy of Serbia is characterised by certain forms of direct incentives, which are fully eliminated in the CAP (payments based on output, input subsidies, etc.). ; Republika Srbija se nalazi u procesu pristupanje EU, što, pored ostalog, podrazumeva usklađivanje agrarne politike Srbije s merama i mehanizmima Zajedničke agrarne politike - ZAP (Common Agricultural Policy), koja se neprekidno reformiše. Cilj rada jeste da se prikažu reformska rešenja ZAP za period 2014-2020. godine, kao i komparacija s instrumentima agrarne politike Srbije. Analizom su prvenstveno obuhvaćena direktna plaćanja, s obzirom na njihov značaj u ukupnom budžetu EU i budžetu ZAP, te značaj koji imaju u ukupnoj agrarnoj podršci u Srbiji. Komparacija instrumenta ZAP s postojećima u agrarnoj politici Srbije, u okviru direktnih plaćanja, ukazuje na to da se ona značajno razlikuju. Naime, u agrarnoj politici Srbije evidentno je prisustvo pojedinih oblika direktnih podsticaja koji su u ZAP potpuno eliminisani (proizvodno vezana plaćanja po autputu; regresi za đubrivo i sl.).

Nilika Mehrotra, ed. 2020. Disability Studies in India: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. xiii + 318 pp. Tables, figures, references. €96.29 (eBook)

Der Text analysiert tiefgehend die Ergebnisse der Präsidentschafts- und der Kongresswahlen vom November 2020. Er stellt das Konzept des Demokraten Biden und seine Wirkung im Wahlkampf vor. Er fragt nach der Entwicklung, die die Parteien der Republikaner und der Demokraten nach dem Wahlerfolg Joe Bidens nehmen können.

Originally formed to help distribute American financial aid in Eu rope under the Marshall Plan, the Organization for European Cooperation has since 1950 been the main forum for discussion and common action about the economic problems of Western Europe. In 1951, the Council called for an over-all expansion of production of 25 per cent in five years and set targets for various basic industries. Most of them were achieved. The next five years will show a slower rate of development, and the real demands for resources are likely to cause strains in the economy. Various ways in which the United States can offset this strain are suggested.—Ed.

У статті аналізуються місце, зміст і форми міжнародної співпраці Збройних Сил України у різні періоди їх реформування протягом 1991–2020 рр. Міжнародне співробітництво Збройних Сил України (ЗСУ) проаналізовано за окремими напрямами: військово-політичне співробіт- ництво, військово-технічна співпраця, досягнення оперативної сумісно- сті зі збройними силами держав — членів НАТО та ЄС, верифікаційна діяльність. Розглядаються суть та особливості періодизації як одного з основних методологічних аспектів наукового дослідження, наводиться аналіз різних підходів вітчизняних науковців до періодизації історії Збройних Сил України та їх міжнародного військового співробітництва протягом 1991–2020 рр.
Ключові слова: Збройні Сили України, Міністерство оборони України, періодизація, методологія, міжнародне військове співробітництво.

There are numerous works of both Russian and foreign authors concerning the issue of modernization, yet interest toward it is far from exhausted. While complexity of globalization processes grows, modernization constantly presents us with new challenges, thus demanding new approaches in research. This article represents our attempt to rethink existing concepts in order to prove the preference of deploying research in a socio-cultural direction, which may ensure priority of the human factor, social partnership and social equality in the global arena, as, without these, modernization also loses its socio-cultural perspective and content. Most certainly, this new idea requires a sociocultural model of modernization to be created, as well as a corresponding methodology. However, we are forced to narrow the postulate of the topic, as the justification of the need for such a model raises certain questions, namely: why exactly it is needed, and what factors hindering its development are present in existing modernization theories. Therefore, the following tasks have been prioritized: highlighting the positive aspects of the three stages of modernization theory, changing the paradigms of research approaches, creating the principles of interdisciplinarity by the American school of social scientists, determining the role of science in the institutionalization of these processes. The article highlights as determining factors of the socio-cultural modernization strategy the political motives for creating the modernization theory, leading to an increase in the status of strong states over weak ones, to an imbalance in the development of different societies, subordination of the weak to the powerful. Unlike many researchers who associate the leap in human progress with the Industrial Revolution and the Great French Revolution, the author believes that the true origins of the phenomenon should be found in the Scientific Revolution of the Western countries of the 16th—17th centuries. After all, the basis and driving force of modernization consist of intellectual capital and the middle class. The article also provides examples of practical application of scientific discoveries, its destructive and positive influence on Western societies in the era of rapid changes, giving examples to all humanity. In conclusion, the article defines the socio-cultural model of modernization.

How should Europe deal politically with its legacy as a so‐called "Christian civilization"? Should this imply an overt reference to God or to the Christian or Judeo‐Christian tradition in European constitutional documents (as was debated when the so‐called "Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe" was tabled)? This debate raised the old "politico‐theological problem": does a political order need some kind of metaphysical or religious grounding, a "soul", or can it present itself as a purely rational order, the result of a utilitarian calculus? In this article it is argued that the secular idea of the state as an inherent element in the "Judeo‐Christian tradition", for a "divine state" usurps a place that is only God's. So, this religious tradition itself calls for a secular state, and this inherent relationship between religion and secularity has become a key element for the interpretation of European civilization, most notably in the idea of a separation of the church and the state. But the very fact that this is a religious idea does imply that the European political order cannot be seen as a purely rational political order without a soul. The idea of a "plural soul" is proposed as a way out of the dilemma.