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□ A visually handicapped student must take advantage of all the mathematical tools at his disposal. It is not for us to say that one tool is better than another. There are times when a student should use the braillewriter, slate, or some other device. The use of these and the abacus should be an individual matter. We do feel that the abacus offers a more rapid means of computation that most other devices. It does not supplant these others, however, but supplements them in the mathematics program. It has been found that contests stimulate learning in mathematics. Abacus contests were helpful in encouraging students to practice the use of the abacus and in creating more interest in it. The abacus bee was especially valuable because each student was involved on a team basis, and yet was allowed to compete on his own level. This meant that he not only had a good chance to win first place, but that whatever his performance he could usually earn points for his team.

Experimental methods and findings in human problem-solving using on-line and off-line computer systems are reviewed. For historical and technical reasons the field of applied man-computer communication has not been the subject of extensive scientific study. The advent of time-sharing systems in the last decade produced an initial body of empirical data from user statistics and experimental studies comparing time-sharing with batch-processing. This body of data is reviewed for its implications to the controversy over batch and time-sharing systems and to the understanding of human behavior in the man-computer setting. Although the available experimental data are meager and tentative, it is already apparent that behavioral principles of human problem-solving and learning theory can account for many of the trends observed. In turn, the theories can be enriched by new leads stemming from studies of man-computer dialog. A plea is made for interdisciplinary cross-fertilization between behavioral and computer sciences to bridge the humanistic lag in man-computer communication.

This paper aims to explore Spanish curriculum policy related to song in early childhood education. By means of a document analysis, the different state governments' guidelines were reviewed. Song and singing songs are included in the official documents as curriculum content, as a pedagogical tool to approach curriculum content, and as an activity that helps promote personal and social development. In the first case, song is associated with the interpretative, aesthetic or artistic values to be enhanced in the early childhood; in the second case, singing songs is identified as a means to approach foreign language learning and as a way to gain a better understanding of culture; and lastly, as an activity that can help strengthen group cohesion, interpersonal relationships and the sense of belonging to a community. The present study findings suggest that song is taken into account as a valuable educational means in early childhood curriculum. Further study is needed to analyse how singing is approached in teacher education and how it is integrated into teachers' daily practices ; SI

4th World Conference on Educational Sciences (WCES) -- FEB 02-05, 2012 -- Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, SPAIN ; WOS: 000314465901121 ; An individual who starts education in domestic environment continues with this period at educational institutions. The qualities of educational institutions make clear distinctions in children's learning. This is a comparative study aiming to examine different variables regarding the institutions offering daily care and education, age span to attend these institutions, the curriculum, compulsory education, evaluation techniques and service duration in Turkey and in the member countries of European Union. It is a descriptive study to determine the existing situation. The findings reveal that while the compulsory education starts between the ages 4-5 in most of the EU countries, children receive pre-school education between the ages 3-6. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Prof. Dr. Huseyin Uzunboylu ; Acad World Educ & Res Ctr, Near E Univ, Bahcesehir Univ, Ankara Univ, Hacettepe Univ, Cyprus Educ Sci Assoc

Comunicació presentada a: International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference celebrat de l'11 al 16 d'octubre de 2020 de manera virtual. ; Recent works have addressed the automatic cover detection problem from a metric learning perspective. They employ different input representations, aiming to exploit melodic or harmonic characteristics of songs and yield promising performances. In this work, we propose a comparative study of these different representations and show that systems combining melodic and harmonic features drastically outperform those relying on a single input representation. We illustrate how these features complement each other with both quantitative and qualitative analyses. We finally investigate various fusion schemes and propose methods yielding state-of-the-art performances on two publicly-available large datasets. ; FY is supported by the MIP-Frontiers project, the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 765068, and EG by TROMPA, the Horizon 2020 project 770376-2.

In this contribution we review and assess the specificities of vitality and revitalization of sign languages in a context of atypical endangerment. The contribution focuses on concrete examples of revitalization measures, both implemented and not yet implemented, based on the Catalan Sign Language (LSC) community context, such as the important role of language documentation, the reasons of the precarious situation in education and a proposal to establish an inclusive educational model, and finally the potential of an open learning resource offering greater access to sign language education. ; This contribution has been possible thanks to the SIGN-HUB project, which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 693349, to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER Funds (FFI2015-68594-P), to the Government of the Generalitat de Catalunya (2014 SGR 698), to Obra Social La Caixa (LSC Corpus, Institut d'Estudis Catalans), and to AGAUR-Govern de la Generalitat de Catalunya (MOOC funding: Resolució ECO/1247/2014, de 29 de maig).

This article discusses how the extension of network governance influences the de facto independence of regulatory agencies. Assuming that agencies gain de facto independence vis-à-vis the government when they experience a substantive increase in their reputation, we argue that agency participation in international governance networks contributes to strengthened agency domestic positions due to organizational learning and the expansion of expert knowledge involved in such interactions. Based on a case study of the Spanish nuclear regulatory agency (Nuclear Safety Council [CSN]), the article highlights how its involvement in international governance networks promoted the agency's de facto independence during the 2000s. ; The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Research for this article was funded by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CSO2012-39693) in the context of the project "The Political Economy of Regulatory Agencies: Accountability, Transparency and Effectiveness (AccountReg) (2013–2015)."

Individuals' life chances in the future will very much depend on how we invest in our children now. An optimal human capital model would combine a high mean with minimal variance of skills. It is well-established that early childhood learning is key to adult success. The impact of social origins on child outcomes remains strong, and the new role of women poses additional challenges to our conventional nurturing approach to child development. This paper focuses on skill development in the early years, examining how we might best combine family inputs and public policy to invest optimally in our future human capital. I emphasize three issues: one, the uneven capacity of parents to invest in children; two, the impact of mothers' employment on child outcomes; and three, the potential benefits of early pre-school programmes. I conclude that mothers' intra-family bargaining power is decisive for family investments and that universal child care is key if our goal is to arrive at a strong mean with minimal variance.

This study aims to determine: 1) The Process of Implementing Permendiknas No. 24 of 2007 concerning Facilities and Infrastructure Standards in Al Ihsaniyah MTs and MTs isy Aisyiyah 1 Palembang, 2) Factors affecting the Implementation of National EducationMinister Regulation No. 24 of 2007 concerning Facilities and Infrastructure Standards in Al Ihsaniyah MTs and MTs isy Aisyiyah 1 Palembang. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. While the analysis technique used inthis study is a qualitative data analysis technique. The results of this study indicate that the educational infrastructure at MTs Al Ihsaniyah Palembang has not met the minimum standard criteria set by the government. Inversely proportional to educational facilities and infrastructure at MTs Aisyiyah 1 Palembang that have met the minimum standard criteria, seen in the observation results that the study room, library, laboratory, leadership room, teacher's room, counseling room, UKS room, warehouse, playground / sports, places of worship, toilets for students and teachers, and other learning resources so that they meet the minimum standards set by the government.

ABSTRACTWith the passing of the No Child Left Behind legislation (2001), individual states have been required to administer standardized tests to measure students' academic achievement in several academic areas, including reading comprehension. Many schools are using curriculum embedded reading comprehension tests to assess students' progress in achieving grade level expectations before the administration of state standardized test. This study used de-identified student data on curriculum embedded reading comprehension tests and the state standardized reading test, FCAT 2.0 to assess the correlation between a specific curriculum-based measure and the FCAT 2.0. The researcher used Pearson and Spearman Correlation to assess the predictive relationship of the curriculum-embedded reading tests and FCAT 2.0 reading. Strong correlations were found between the two assessments which educators may find useful when planning and differentiating reading comprehension instruction throughout the school year. ; 2012-05-01 ; M.Ed. ; Education, Teaching, Learning and Leadership ; Masters ; This record was generated from author submitted information.

In the contemporary Nigerian society, many youths are faced with various challenges. The inability of these young people to cope with these challenges result in all-risk behavior such as lack of confidence, low self-esteem, low motivation, etc. Over the years, indulging in music program has proved to yield positive results in the development of the youths. This paper attempts to investigate the outcome of youth's participation in music programs. The paper argues that active engagement of the youths in music program can yield positive youth development rather than perceived deficits and risks behaviors. The paper is anchored on the positive youth development theory which focused on the positive assets young people bring to their engagement. It employs survey and library as its methodology and concludes by suggesting that since young people who have shown competency in music program exhibit more positive youth development, teaching and learning strategies and environmental supports that foster the development of youths should be emphasized.

ForSome reason, understandable by Providence only, it was decided that the most ancient member of Phi Beta Kappa roundabout should talk for a while to the second group of students elected to nearly the youngest chapter of the Society. I consider it an imposition on you but insofar as I am concerned it is an honor. To be sure, there really is no generation gap here insofar as Notre Dame is concerned. It could have had a chapter long ago had it not been for temporary obscurantism in high places. I like to think that the spirits of the distinguished men of learning and inquiry who lived on this campus during times long past, Zahm, Nieuwland and Scheier among them, may be watching in Our Town fashion what we are doing this day. Perhaps Emerson, in spite of his absentmindedness, has come along to join them. For it was he who fixed the imprint of approval on the whole enterprise.

Like most other fields, the study of Islamic art is both the beneficiary and the victim of its own past. Like many fields, it is affected in various more or less successful ways by developments and needs in related areas of learning. Like all fields, it is tied to the quality and idiosyncrasies of the men who practice it. Inasmuch as bibliographical surveys according to traditional lines of techniques and periods are available (Pearson, Index Islamicus with supplements, London, 1958, 1962, 1968; especially K.A.C. Creswell, A Bibliography of the Architecture, Arts and Crafts of Islam, Cairo, 1961) and current works are listed with a fair degree of completeness in the yearly Abstracta Islamica published by the Revue des Etudes Islamiques, my concern in this paper will be to review the state of the field, the ways in which one can find out about it, and the work being done according to three major categories: traditional techniques and documentation; new problems and solutions; light and dark areas of research.

"One of the chief objects of my administration," Woodrow Wilson stated on March 11, 1913, after learning of political unrest in the Caribbean, "will be to cultivate the friendship and deserve the confidence of our sister republics of Central and South America, and to promote in every proper and honorable way the interests which are common to the peoples of the two continents." Believing, however, that "cooperation is possible only when supported at every turn by the orderly processes of just government based upon law, not upon arbitrary or irregular force," he wanted the Latin American nations to build their governments upon the same foundation of law and order as that of the United States. On the part of his own nation, he renounced, in his Mobile Address of October 27, 1913, the "Dollar Diplomacy" of his predecessors Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft, and proposed instead a Pan American Pact to provide mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity.

"The National University? Of course, I use it for political purposes—pay a student to stay in school to fight the communists. Yes, he's 35 years old, been there quite a while. The name of the Rector? I don't know.""No, I've never given any money to the university—I've never been asked. Library? I don't know whether they have one or not. Don't the students listen to the lectures?"These comments illustrate the widespread feelings of public indifference and hostility toward higher education in Central America today. They also underscore the need for better information about higher education and the need to reduce the gap between the universities and the societies in which they operate.The universities of Central America have long been tottery towers built on inadequate structures of national public education. Their marginal utility as centers of learning and intellectual leadership is evidenced in many ways: in low levels of financial support; rundown physical facilities; weak administrations and consequent weaknesses in the standards of teaching, research and student academic performance.