Suchergebnisse

This piece tackles the underrated Netflix series La Révolution vis-à-vis current realities of the pandemic in a national and international context. Using data and statistics on the pandemic era in the Philippines and around the world, in combination with a social realist contextualization of the said history-inspired yet fantasy-imbued film series, this short article weaves numbers and stories into contemporary reflections on how the reel helps explain, inform, and even shape the real, through humankind's dual role as not-so-passive viewers of the reel and as dynamic actors or subjects who are capable shapers of the real.

Dissemination of Internet network, increase of the number of its users promoted development of regional and world electronic trade. However, different levels of social and economic development, different quality of infrastructure objects have significant influence at the rates of introduction of electronic commerce, its transformation at the steady system of economic links both — at the international and the regional level. The abovementioned stipulates the goal and the objective of this article, which is in studies of specific features of consolidation and unification of the latest tools of electronic commerce system in the world trade, establishment of the ways for introduction of innovation mechanisms for promoting development of international trade in the modern conditions of the economy.

This paper interrogates how the increasing stringency of international rules on Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC), as reflected in the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)'s certification standards, is shaping the rights afforded indigenous and local communities in Russia. Viewing the FSC as a 'global governance generating network' (GGN) that gains rule-making authority through diverse 'forums of negotiation' at multiple scales, we examine how international rules are negotiated and re-configured regarding 1) the 'scope' of requirements – who is included or excluded from FPIC and 2) 'prescriptiveness' – the level and specificity of the rights afforded to FPIC holders. We find that Russian stakeholders perceive the increasing prescriptiveness of FSC's global FPIC policies as disrupting their existing norms of negotiated compromise, and originating from well-defined and politically influential indigenous populations elsewhere in the world. This has spurred intense debate on the scope of who should qualify for FPIC in Russia. While FSC-Russia's Social Chamber members have used formal standard-setting processes to negotiate for the increased stringency and scope of some FPIC requirements, industry-backed forums have inserted numerous exceptions, and drawn on external expertise and legal counsel to further restrict who counts as an FPIC rights-holder. These ongoing contestations highlight the risk that prescriptive international standards protecting local rights may narrow the scope of whose rights matter in their local implementation.

The purpose of this reflective paper is to discuss the technical nature of international decentralized cooperation (IDC) with regard to the management of projects by local and regional government agencies in Colombia. Project management continues to be a function of the institutional capability of regional government agencies, and the availability of funding from the regional or central government, which is outside the scope of the intent of IDC. The city mayor and governor's offices across the country do not yet have a polished road map and a government reference framework in place which would allow them to articulate their initiatives with the support of IDC. Both international cooperation and decentralized cooperation provide an enormous number of possibilities in terms of actions for regional entities aimed at giving visibility to their initiatives. The nature of the series of obligations that regional agencies must address in dealing with the internal demands originated by their administrations involves taking a leisurely look at this perspective. Although the entire legal and institutional infrastructure for IDC is now available through the National System for International Cooperation, little is known in this regard. Additionally, attention paid to IDC depends on the ability and the conditions of the government to approach it, but it is not a flagship program to be pursued. It is time to begin to show the results of local project initiatives by means of cooperation. ; El propósito del artículo de reflexión presente, es mostrar el carácter técnico que posee la Cooperación Internacional Descentralizada (CID) sobre la margen de gestión de proyectos que deben acometer los entes territoriales, locales y regionales en el país. Todavía la gestión de proyectos se atiende sobre la capacidad institucional de los entes territoriales y la oferta de recursos extendidos por el gobierno central o regional para ponerlos a disposición, por fuera de otras perspectivas como las que plantea la CID. Aún, las alcaldías y las gobernaciones del país no tienen afinada la hoja de ruta y el marco de referencia estatal para afianzar su gestión apoyados en la CID. Tanto la Cooperación Internacional como la Descentralizada contemplan inmensas posibilidades de acción para los entes regionales que tienen como premisa visibilizar su gestión; el cúmulo de obligaciones que tienen los territorios para responder ante las demandas internas que circundan su administración implica el mirar holgadamente esta perspectiva. Si bien existe todo el andamiaje institucional y legal de la CID a través del Sistema Nacional de Cooperación Internacional, el conocimiento al respecto es poco y la atención que se presta parte de la capacidad y las condiciones que tiene el Estado para acercarla, mas no constituye la figura insignia a seguir. Es hora de empezar a mostrar resultados en materia de gestión de proyectos locales vía cooperación.

Résumé James Lorimer et Johann Caspar Bluntschli ont été parmi les juristes les plus éminents de leur époque. En 1877, après une phase historique émaillée de guerres, le premier proposa un plan de paix axé sur la fédéralisation politique de l'Europe ; le second lui opposa, l'année suivante, le projet d'une Société des Nations de nature différente, qui confierait un rôle décisif aux six puissances majeures agissant de concert. Mais ils considéraient l'un et l'autre que le droit international ne saurait admettre la perspective de la guerre, et ne pourrait donc exister pleinement sans une réforme radicale du système européen : moins que de « paix par le droit », leur démarche pourrait être qualifiée de « droit par la paix ».

Recognizing the linkages between the ITPGRFA and the CGIAR operations within the MLS, the present study aims at understanding the implications that the SMTA reform will have on the CG genebanks. To achieve its objective, the study starts by retracing the historical evolution of the legal framework guiding the international exchange of PGR. Then, it outlines the main features of the MLS reform processes currently being negotiated and identifies major challenges and sources of future uncertainties. By isolating those components relevant for CGIAR, the study constructs the different scenarios that might occur, and forecast the likelihood of different impacts and consequences for CG genebanks.