Suchergebnisse

WOS: 000423930700010 ; Narrow resonances decaying into WW, WZ or ZZ boson pairs are searched for in 36.7 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2016. The diboson system is reconstructed using pairs of large-radius jets with high transverse momentum and tagged as compatible with the hadronic decay of high-momentum Wor Zbosons, using jet mass and substructure properties. The search is sensitive to diboson resonances with masses in the range 1.2-5.0 TeV. No significant excess is observed in any signal region. Exclusion limits are set at the 95% confidence level on the production cross section times branching ratio to dibosons for a range of theories beyond the Standard Model. Model-dependent lower limits on the mass of new gauge bosons are set, with the highest limit set at 3.5 TeV in the context of mass-degenerate resonances that couple predominantly to bosons. (c) 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. ; ANPCyT, ArgentinaANPCyT; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, AustraliaAustralian Research Council; BMWFW, Austria; FWF, AustriaAustrian Science Fund (FWF); ANAS, AzerbaijanAzerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS); SSTC, Belarus; CNPq, BrazilNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); FAPESP, BrazilFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); NSERC, CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NRC, Canada; CFI, CanadaCanada Foundation for Innovation; CERN, Chile; CONICYT, ChileComision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT); CAS, ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences; MOST, ChinaMinistry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC, ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China; COLCIENCIAS, ColombiaDepartamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSMT CR, Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; MPO CR, Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; VSC CR, Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; DNRF, Denmark; DNSRC, DenmarkDanish Natural Science Research Council; IN2P3-CNRS, FranceCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSF, Georgia; BMBF, GermanyFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); HGF, Germany; MPG, GermanyMax Planck Society; GSRT, GreeceGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaHong Kong Research Grants Council; ISF, IsraelIsrael Science Foundation; I-CORE, Israel; Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; MEXT, JapanMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT); JSPS, JapanMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, NetherlandsNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)Netherlands Government; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, PolandMinistry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; NCN, Poland; FCT, PortugalPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia; NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR, Serbia; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS, SloveniaSlovenian Research Agency - Slovenia; MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC, Sweden; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, Switzerland; SNSF, SwitzerlandSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); Canton of Bern, Switzerland; Canton of Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, TaiwanMinistry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; TAEK, TurkeyMinistry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; STFC, United KingdomScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE, United States of AmericaUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF, United States of AmericaNational Science Foundation (NSF); BCKDF, Canada; Canada Council, Canada; Canarie, Canada; CRC, Canada; Compute Canada, Canada; FQRNT, CanadaFQRNT; Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); ERC, European UnionEuropean Union (EU)European Research Council (ERC); ERDF, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); FP7, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); Horizon 2020 European Union; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); Investissement d'Avenir Labex, FranceFrench National Research Agency (ANR); Investissement d'Avenir Idex, FranceFrench National Research Agency (ANR); ANR, FranceFrench National Research Agency (ANR); Region Auvergne , FranceRegion Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes; Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG, GermanyGerman Research Foundation (DFG); AvH Foundation, GermanyAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; BSF, IsraelUS-Israel Binational Science Foundation; GIF, IsraelGerman-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development; Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; Generalitat Valenciana, SpainGeneralitat Valenciana; Royal Society, United KingdomRoyal Society of London; Leverhulme Trust, United KingdomLeverhulme Trust ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, Canarie, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom.

WOS: 000432187800079 ; The dynamics of isolated-photon production in association with a jet in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are studied with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using a dataset with an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb(-1). Photons are required to have transverse energies above 125 GeV. Jets are identified using the anti-k(t) algorithm with radius parameter R = 0.4 and required to have transverse momenta above 100 GeV. Measurements of isolated-photon plus jet cross sections are presented as functions of the leading-photon transverse energy, the leading-jet transverse momentum, the azimuthal angular separation between the photon and the jet, the photon-jet invariant mass and the scattering angle in the photon-jet centre-of-mass system. Tree-level plus parton-shower predictions from SHERPA and PYTHIA as well as next-to-leading-order QCD predictions from JETPHOX and SHERPA are compared to the measurements. (C) 2018 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. ; ANPCyT, ArgentinaANPCyT; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, AustraliaAustralian Research Council; BMWFW, Austria; FWF, AustriaAustrian Science Fund (FWF); ANAS, AzerbaijanAzerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS); SSTC, Belarus; CNPq, BrazilNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); FAPESP, BrazilFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); NSERC, CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NRC, Canada; CFI, CanadaCanada Foundation for Innovation; CERN; CONICYT, ChileComision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT); CAS, ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences; MOST, ChinaMinistry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC, ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China; COLCIENCIAS, ColombiaDepartamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSMT CR, Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; MPO CR, Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; VSC CR, Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; DNRF, Denmark; DNSRC, DenmarkDanish Natural Science Research Council; IN2P3-CNRS, FranceCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, GermanyFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); HGF, Germany; MPG, GermanyMax Planck Society; GSRT, GreeceGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaHong Kong Research Grants Council; ISF, IsraelIsrael Science Foundation; I-CORE, Israel; Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; MEXT, JapanMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT); JSPS, JapanMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, NetherlandsNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)Netherlands Government; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, PolandMinistry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; NCN, Poland; FCT, PortugalPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia, Russian FederationRussian Federation; NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS, SloveniaSlovenian Research Agency - Slovenia; MIA, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC, Sweden; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, Switzerland; SNSF, SwitzerlandSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); Canton of Bern, Switzerland; Canton of Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, TaiwanMinistry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; TAEK, TurkeyMinistry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; STFC, United KingdomScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE, United States of AmericaUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF, United States of AmericaNational Science Foundation (NSF); BCKDF, Canada; Canada Council, Canada; Canarie, Canada; CRC, Canada; Compute Canada, Canada; FQRNT, CanadaFQRNT; Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); ERC, European UnionEuropean Union (EU)European Research Council (ERC); ERDF, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); FP7, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); Horizon, European Union; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); Investissements d'Avenir Labex, ANR, FranceFrench National Research Agency (ANR); Investissements d'Avenir Idex, ANR, FranceFrench National Research Agency (ANR); Region Auvergne, FranceRegion Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes; Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG, GermanyGerman Research Foundation (DFG); AvH Foundation, GermanyAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; BSF, IsraelUS-Israel Binational Science Foundation; GIF, IsraelGerman-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development; Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; Generalitat Valenciana, SpainGeneralitat Valenciana; Royal Society, United KingdomRoyal Society of London; Leverhulme Trust, United KingdomLeverhulme Trust ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIA, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, Canarie, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom.

WOS: 000435653100007 ; A measurement of the production of three isolated photons in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy root s = 8 TeV is reported. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb(-1) collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The differential cross sections are measured as functions of the transverse energy of each photon, the difference in azimuthal angle and in pseudorapidity between pairs of photons, the invariant mass of pairs of photons, and the invariant mass of the triphoton system. A measurement of the inclusive fiducial cross section is also reported. Next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD predictions are compared to the cross-section measurements. The predictions underestimate the measurement of the inclusive fiducial cross section and the differential measurements at low photon transverse energies and invariant masses. They provide adequate descriptions of the measurements at high values of the photon transverse energies, invariant mass of pairs of photons, and invariant mass of the triphoton system. (C) 2018 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. ; ANPCyT, ArgentinaANPCyT; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, AustraliaAustralian Research Council; BMWFW, Austria; FWF, AustriaAustrian Science Fund (FWF); ANAS, AzerbaijanAzerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS); SSTC, Belarus; FAPESP, BrazilFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); CNPq, BrazilNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); NSERC, CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NRC, Canada; CFI, CanadaCanada Foundation for Innovation; CERN; CONICYT, ChileComision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT); CAS, ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences; MOST, ChinaMinistry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC, ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China; COLCIENCIAS, ColombiaDepartamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSMT CR, Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; MPO CR, Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; VSC CR, Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; DNRF, Denmark; DNSRC, DenmarkDanish Natural Science Research Council; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, GermanyFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); HGF, Germany; MPG, GermanyMax Planck Society; GSRT, GreeceGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaHong Kong Research Grants Council; ISF, IsraelIsrael Science Foundation; I-CORE, Israel; Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; MEXT, JapanMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT); JSPS, JapanMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, NetherlandsNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)Netherlands Government; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, PolandMinistry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; NCN, Poland; FCT, PortugalPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia, Russian FederationRussian Federation; NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS, SloveniaSlovenian Research Agency - Slovenia; MIA, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC, Sweden; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, Switzerland; SNSF, SwitzerlandSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); Canton of Bern, Switzerland; Canton of Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, TaiwanMinistry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; TAEK, TurkeyMinistry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; STFC, United KingdomScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE, United States of AmericaUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF, United States of AmericaNational Science Foundation (NSF); BCKDF, Canada; Canada Council, Canada; Canarie, Canada; CRC, Canada; Compute Canada, Canada; FQRNT, CanadaFQRNT; Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); ERC, European UnionEuropean Union (EU)European Research Council (ERC); ERDF, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); FP7, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); Horizon 2020, European Union; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); Investissement d'Avenir Labex, FranceFrench National Research Agency (ANR); Investissement d'Avenir Idex, FranceFrench National Research Agency (ANR); ANR, FranceFrench National Research Agency (ANR); Region Auvergne, FranceRegion Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes; Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG, GermanyGerman Research Foundation (DFG); AvH Foundation, GermanyAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Herakleitos programme - EU-ESF; Thales programme - EU-ESF; Aristeia programme - EU-ESF; Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; BSFUS-Israel Binational Science Foundation; GIF, IsraelGerman-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development; Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, SpainGeneralitat Valenciana; Royal Society, United KingdomRoyal Society of London; Leverhulme Trust, United KingdomLeverhulme Trust ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIA, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, Canarie, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom.

WOS: 000452318400017 ; Searches for the exclusive decays of the Higgs and Z bosons into a J/psi, psi(2S), or Upsilon(nS) (n = 1, 2, 3) meson and a photon are performed with a pp collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb(-1) collected at root s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess of events is observed above the expected backgrounds, and 95% confidence- level upper limits on the branching fractions of the Higgs boson decays to J/psi gamma, psi(2S) gamma and Upsilon(nS) gamma of 3.5 x 10(-4), 2.0 x 10(-3), and (4.9, 5.9, 5.7) x 10(-4), respectively, are obtained assuming Standard Model production. The corresponding 95% confidence-level upper limits for the branching fractions of the Z boson decays are 2.3 x 10(-6), 4.5 x 10(-6) and (2.8, 1.7, 4.8) 10(-6), respectively. (C) 2018 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. ; ANPCyT, ArgentinaANPCyT; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, AustraliaAustralian Research Council; BMWFW, Austria; FWF, AustriaAustrian Science Fund (FWF); ANAS, AzerbaijanAzerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS); SSTC, Belarus; CNPq, BrazilNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); FAPESP, BrazilFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); NSERC, CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NRC, Canada; CFI, CanadaCanada Foundation for Innovation; CERN; CONICYT, ChileComision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT); CAS, ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences; MOST, ChinaMinistry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC, ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China; COLCIENCIAS, ColombiaDepartamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSMT CR, Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; MPO CR, Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; VSC CR, Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; DNRF, Denmark; DNSRC, DenmarkDanish Natural Science Research Council; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, GermanyFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); HGF, Germany; MPG, GermanyMax Planck Society; GSRT, GreeceGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaHong Kong Research Grants Council; ISF, IsraelIsrael Science Foundation; I-CORE, Israel; Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; MEXT, JapanMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT); JSPS, JapanMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, NetherlandsNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)Netherlands Government; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, PolandMinistry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; NCN, Poland; FCT, PortugalPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia, Russian FederationRussian Federation; NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS, SloveniaSlovenian Research Agency - Slovenia; MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC, Sweden; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, Switzerland; SNSF, SwitzerlandSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); Canton of Bern, Switzerland; Canton of Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, TaiwanMinistry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; TAEK, TurkeyMinistry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; STFC, United KingdomScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE, United States of AmericaUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF, United States of AmericaNational Science Foundation (NSF); BCKDF, Canada; Canada Council, Canada; Canarie, Canada; CRC, Canada; Compute Canada, Canada; FQRNT, CanadaFQRNT; Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); ERC, European UnionEuropean Union (EU)European Research Council (ERC); ERDF, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); FP7, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); Horizon 2020, European Union; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); nvestissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, FranceFrench National Research Agency (ANR); ANR, FranceFrench National Research Agency (ANR); Region Auvergne, FranceRegion Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes; Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG, GermanyGerman Research Foundation (DFG); AvH Foundation, GermanyAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; BSF, IsraelUS-Israel Binational Science Foundation; GIF, IsraelGerman-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development; Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, SpainGeneralitat Valenciana; Royal Society, United KingdomRoyal Society of London; Leverhulme Trust, United KingdomLeverhulme Trust; Herakleitos programme; Thales programme; Aristeia programme ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, Canarie, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom.

This thesis outlines the implementation processes for a new technology in selected countries and identifies the resistance to change can a change agent can come up against during the implementations process. The starting point for the thesis takes hydrogen as a breakthrough technology, and through the literature review process identifies certain obstacles to change. The implementation of a new technology brings with it resistance to change in the working structure (Ministry) as a whole or by individuals at the expert or political level. The sources of such evidence are found throughout the literature review related to change, change agents, political and organizational change and the implementation of new technology and case study analysis. The thesis develops a concept around typical cases (sampling groups) and is based on qualitative research on three levels of actors in the decision-making and implementation process (experts, political decision makers, and directors of public agencies that are implementing measures on a national scale). In accordance with the research design scheme four European countries were chosen for (case study) comparison: Slovenia, Germany, Denmark and Norway. The purpose and aim of these typical cases is to contribute to the central subject and aim of this thesis – to better understand the systems in the selected countries and, based on the experiences of those countries, together with Slovenia, to ultimately propose a practical approach to developing national programs in Slovenia. The aim of this thesis is not to argue whether hydrogen is the energy source of the future. Instead the aim is to show, through the use of hydrogen and fuel cells, an example of how Slovenia should react with measures designed to implement new technologies. The implementation of a new technology is a long-term process, where measures need to be considered that involve all sectors of society. Every country has its own unique environment (economy, industry and similar) where different approaches to specific implementation scenarios are required. The unique environment of each respective country is seen as a defining limit to the thesis, when the implementation practices of the selected countries are identified and, based on the analysis, new measures are proposed for Slovenia. The methodology used here is based on a time "snapshot" that shows the degree of early market penetration of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in mobile and stationary applications in three developed countries that lead in the development and early adoption of these technologies, together with the same for Slovenia. Qualitative methods are also effective in identifying intangible factors, such as social norms, socioeconomic status, gender roles, ethnicity, and religion. When used along with quantitative methods, qualitative research can help us to interpret and better understand the complex reality of a given situation and the implications of quantitative data" (Mack, 2005). The thesis confirms the theory of resistance to change through the responses by actors involved in the decision and implementation process. This result is also implication for theory. The results of the analysis outline the structure of the government procedures in each country and how the government determines national priorities and allocates the proper financial and human resources for continued related activities through the years ahead. Evidence from the analysis show that all three compared countries understand that national priorities need to be realised through efficient national programs that include collaboration between the experts and ministry staff who work on preparing the program. It is vital to assure continuity, ongoing financial resources and precise goals for the efficient implementation of new technology. The thesis provides implication for practice aimed at improving the implementation process of new technology by improving implementation steps in horizontal coordination and communication, accepting the fact that resistance is part of the process, and such resistance might be overcome. Other EU countries that are in the early stages of implementing hydrogen and fuel cell technologies on the national level could well benefit from this approach. Evidence indicates that in the process of qualitative research, researchers sample targets directly to gather data that will fit the aim of the work instead of following statistical representation. Targeted research aims to simultaneously create solutions for practical people problems and opens goals for future science research which is also implication for theory and practice. In order to achieve this, the researcher must on the one hand understand the system that is the subject of the research and in addition, work with people working in the system to produce a solution that is both people-friendly and efficient. Using such an approach, end results will help change the implementation processes applied to new technologies and also show how theoretical work can be transferred to practical implementation. In the research process the author was confronted with several limitations: limitations related to the scope of the research; connected to the hypothesis and research questions; to the choice and number of reference countries. Limitations regarding the methodology included the choice of interviewee groups, the types of interviews, the construction of questionnaires, the collection of responses, limitations regarding the analysis: qualitative research (vs. quantitative), decisions on valid (or invalid) responses with regard to the posed questions, and how this might influence the conviction behind one's conclusions. Similarly, there are limitations related to the proposed action plan for Slovenia: how strongly is the action plan connected to the conclusions of the research; and which items in the action plan are the direct consequences of the conclusions and which follow as a logical consequence of the previous plans.

The object of research is methods of approach to risk assessment, each organization independently develops and implements. The author provides practically gained experience in an international company – an effective approach in the use of risk assessment methods.One of the most problematic places is the choice of the method of assessing the organization's risks. The method is in primarily in the compatibility of the mission and the objectives of the organization, and a number of tasks with the selected methods of risk assessment. For a quantitative method of risk assessment, it is the availability of correctly calculated norms, according to which a risk analysis will be carried out. For a qualitative method of risk assessment, it is the availability of qualified experts with sufficient experience in the field of risk assessment. For a mixed method of risk assessment, it is compliance with the balance and appropriateness of use between a quantitative and qualitative method of risk assessment.In accordance with the selected types of economic activity, organizations that require strict compliance with production standards, legislation, licensing, etc., it is advisable to use quantitative methods of risk assessment. As an example, the risks associated with violation of the norms: the rates of environmental tax for emissions of pollutants into the air, stationary sources of pollution; disposal of hazardous waste; control over water use and discharges of enterprises.A mandatory creation of a risk map for each organization is proposed. This is due to the fact that all risks must be structured and investigated, and a risk response method must be chosen for each of the risks. The risk map has a number of features and an important purpose in the corporate governance structure, in particular:risk matrix, or visualization for the top management of the organization;risk table, or working tool for risk management.Risk assessment in any field is very important. Due to this, the company that invests in the improvement of the internal control system (ICS), in ICS support at a given level, subsequently receives effects in the form of savings, the absence of fines, and protection from corruption. As an example, protection against corruption provides timely detection of risks – red flags, which indicate possible manipulations. ; Объектом исследования являются методы подхода к оценке рисков, которые каждая организация самостоятельно разрабатывает и внедряет. Автор предоставляет практически полученный опыт в международной компании – эффективный подход в использовании методов оценки рисков.Одним из самых проблемных мест является выбор метода оценки рисков организации. Метод, который заключается в первую очередь в совместимости миссии и целей организации, и ряда задач с избранными методами оценки рисков. Для количественного метода оценки рисков – это наличие корректно рассчитанных норм, согласно которым будет проводиться анализ рисков. Для качественного метода оценки рисков – это наличие квалифицированных экспертов с достаточным и соответствующим сфере оценки рисков опытом. Для смешанного метода оценки рисков – это соблюдение баланса и целесообразности использования между количественным и качественным методом оценки рисков.В соответствии с выбранными видами ведения экономической деятельности (далее КВЭД) организации, которые требуют точного соблюдения норм производства, законодательства, лицензирования и т. д., в таком случае целесообразно использовать количественные методы оценки рисков. Как пример, риски связанные с нарушением норм: ставки экологического налога за выбросы в атмосферный воздух загрязняющих веществ, стационарными источниками загрязнения; утилизации опасных отходов; контроля за использованием воды и сбросами предприятий.Предложено обязательное создание карты рисков для каждой организации. Это связано с тем, что все риски должны быть структурированы и исследованы, а также по каждому из рисков должен быть избран метод реагирования на риск. Карта рисков имеет ряд особенностей и важное назначение в структуре корпоративного управления, в частности это:матрица рисков, или визуализация для топ руководства организации;таблица рисков, или рабочий инструмент для управления рисками.Благодаря этому обеспечивается возможность для организаций, акции которых котируются на бирже, получить инструмент по соблюдению правил и законодательства (финансовая отчетность и управление рисками). Как пример, защита от коррупции обеспечивает своевременное выявление рисков – красных флажков, которые указывают на возможные манипуляции. ; Об'єктом дослідження є методи підходу до оцінювання ризиків, які кожна організація самостійно розробляє та впроваджує. Автор надає практично здобутий досвід у міжнародній компанії – ефективний підхід у використанні методів оцінювання ризиків.Одним з найбільш проблемних місць є вибір методу оцінювання ризиків організації. Метод, який заключається в першу чергу в сумісності місії та цілей організації, та ряду задач з обраними методами оцінювання ризиків. Для кількісного методу оцінювання ризиків – це наявність коректно розрахованих норм, згідно яких буде проводитьсь аналіз ризиків. Для якісного методу оцінювання ризиків – це наявність кваліфікованих експертів з достатнім та відповідним до сфери оцінювання ризиків досвідом. Для змішаного методу оцінювання ризиків – це дотримання балансу та доцільності використання між кількісним та якісним методом оцінювання ризиків.Відповідно до обраних видів ведення економічної діяльності (далі КВЕД) організації, які потребують точного дотримання норм виробництва, законодавства, ліцензування і т. д., доцільно використовувати кількісні методи оцінювання ризиків. Як приклад, ризики пов'язані з порушенням норм: ставки екологічного податку за викидів в атмосферне повітря забруднюючих речовин, стаціонарними джерелами забруднення; утилізації небезпечних відходів; контролю за використанням води та скидами підприємств.Запропоновано обов'язкове створення мапи ризиків для кожної організації. Це пов'язано з тим, що всі ризики повинні бути структуровані та досліджені, а також по кожному з ризиків має бути обрано метод реагування на ризик. Мапа ризиків має ряд особливостей та важливе призначення в структурі корпоративного управління, зокрема це:матриця ризиків, або візуалізація для топ керівництва організації;таблиця ризиків, або робочий інструмент для управління ризиками.Оцінка ризиків у будь-якій сфері є дуже важливою. Завдяки цьому компанія, яка інвестує в удосконалення системи внутрішнього контролю (СВК), в підтримку СВК на заданому рівні у подальшому отримує ефекти у вигляді заощаджених коштів, відсутності штрафів, захист від корупції. Як приклад, захист від корупції забезпечує своєчасне виявлення ризиків – червоних прапорців, які вказують на можливі маніпуляції.

With the entry into force of the structural tax reform, effective in January 1st, 2017, the Colombian government tries to increase the collection and to have resources to cover the fiscal deficit, in addition to acquiring new resources to support social issues like environment. This reflection article is the result of an investigation conducted by the author with the support of a study group with a training as public accountants under a process of formative research, as a document type, with qualitative approach, based on a comprehensive review in databases of indexed journals and other documentary information found about the topic. The article aims to analyze the contribution to the environment since the tax reform of 2016. The results show that at the international level there is a general tendency to create strategies to motivate the reduction of environmental pollution, generating support to potential taxpayers, either through tax benefits or the imposition of taxes. In Colombia, the government created the tax on carbon emissions and the consumption tax on plastic bags, which seek to discourage the consumption of these pollutants, although in the case of carbon emissions the tax is assumed by the final consumer, although the tax is paid on the value of the fuel and consequently it is not considered a decrease in consumption, which limits the scope of its primary objective. ; Con la entrada en vigencia de la reforma tributaria estructural, a partir del 1 de enero de 2017, el gobierno colombiano buscó aumentar el recaudo y contar con recursos para cubrir el déficit fiscal, además de adquirir nuevos recursos para el apoyo de asuntos sociales como el medio ambiente. El presente artículo de reflexión es el resultado de una investigación realizada por la autora con el apoyo de un grupo de estudio en formación como contadores públicos, bajo un proceso de investigación formativa, de tipo documental, con enfoque cualitativo, basada en una amplia revisión en bases de datos de revistas indexadas y demás información documental encontrada sobre el tema. El artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la contribución al medio ambiente desde la reforma tributaria de 2016. Entre los resultados se evidencia que a nivel internacional existe una tendencia generalizada a crear estrategias para motivar la reducción de la contaminación ambiental, generando apoyo a los empresarios potenciales contribuyentes, ya sea a través de beneficios tributarios o la imposición de gravámenes. En Colombia, el gobierno creó el impuesto sobre las emisiones de carbono y el impuesto al consumo de las bolsas de plástico, los cuales buscan desestimular el consumo de estos productos contaminantes, aunque para el caso de las emisiones de carbono el tributo es asumido por el consumidor final; además este impuesto como se paga en el valor del combustible, no se estima una disminución de su consumo, lo que limita el alcance de su objetivo primario. ; Avec l'entrée en vigueur de la réforme fiscale structurelle à partir du 1 janvier 2017, le gouvernement colombien a cherché à augmenter la précaution et à disposer des recours pour couvrir le déficit fiscal, en plus d'acquérir de nouveaux recours pour l'appui de sujets sociaux comme l'environnement. Cet article de réflexion est le résultat d'une recherche réalisée par l'auteur avec l'appui d'un groupe d'étude en formation comme compteurs publiques, sous un processus de recherche formative de type documentaire, avec un point de vue qualitatif, basée sur une ample révision de bases de données de revues indexées et autre information documentaire trouvée sur le sujet. L'article a pour objectif analyser la contribution à l'environnement depuis la réforme fiscale de 2016. Entre les résultats on met en évidence qu'au plan international existe une tendance généralisée de créer des stratégies pour motiver la réduction de la contamination environnementale, en générant appuie aux entrepreneurs potentiels contribuables, soyez déjà à travers des bénéfices fiscaux ou l'imposition de charges. En Colombie, le gouvernement a créé l'impôt sur les émissions de le carbone et de l'impôt à la consommation des sacs en plastique, lesquels cherchent décourager la consommation de ces produits polluants, bien que pour le cas des émissions de carbone le tribut soit assumé par le consommateur final. De plus cet impôt comme il se paie dans la valeur du combustible, ne s'estime pas une diminution de sa consommation, ce qui limite la portée de son objectif primaire. ; Com a entrada em vigor da reforma fiscal estrutural, o 1º de janeiro de 2017, o governo colombiano pretende aumentar a arrecadação e ter recursos para cobrir o déficit fiscal, além de adquirir novos recursos para apoiar questões sociais como o meio ambiente. Este artigo de reflexão é o resultado de uma investigação realizada pelo autor com o apoio de um grupo de formação como contadores públicos no âmbito de um processo de pesquisa formativa, tipo de documento, com abordagem qualitativa, com base em uma revisão abrangente em bancos de dados indexados. revistas e outras informações documentais encontradas sobre o assunto. O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a contribuição para o meio ambiente a partir da reforma tributária de 2016. Entre os resultados são evidências de que internacionalmente há uma tendência generalizada para desenvolver estratégias para incentivar a redução da poluição ambiental, gerando empresários de apoio potenciais contribuintes, seja a través de beneficios fiscais ou a imposição de gravames. Na Colômbia, o governo criou o imposto sobre as emissões de carbono e o imposto sobre o consumo de sacos plásticos, que visam desencorajar o consumo destes poluentes, embora no caso das emissões de carbono o imposto é suportado por o consumidor final, bem como o imposto é pago sobre o valor do combustível, não é considerado uma diminuição do consumo, o que limita o alcance do seu objectivo primordial.

Purpose of the article is the reconstruction of ancient Greek and ancient Roman models of religiosity as anthropological invariants that determine the patterns of thinking and being of subsequent eras. Theoretical basis. The author applied the statement of Protagoras that "Man is the measure of all things" to the reconstruction of the religious sphere of culture. I proceed from the fact that each historical community has a set of inherent ideas about the principles of reality, which found unique "universes of meanings". The historical space acquires anthropological properties that determine the specific mythology of the respective societies, as well as their spiritual successors. In particular, the religious models of ancient Greece and ancient Rome had a huge influence on formation of the worldview of the Christian civilization of the West. Originality. Multiplicity of the Olympic mythology contributed to the diversity of the expression forms of the Greek genius, which manifested itself in different fields of cultural activity, not reducible to political, philosophical or religious unity. The poverty of Roman mythology was compensated by a clear awareness of the unity of the community, which for all historical vicissitudes had always remained an unchanging ideal, and which was conceived as a reflection of the unity of the heavens. These two approaches to the divine predetermined the formation of two interacting, but conceptually different anthropological paradigms of Antiquity. Conclusions. Western concepts of divinity are invariants of two basic theological concepts – "Greek" (naturalism and paganism) and "Roman" (transcendentalism and henotheism). These are ideal types, so these two tendencies can co-exist in one society. The Roman trend continued to be realized by the anti-Roman religion, which took Roman forms and Roman name. Iconoclasm was a Byzantine version of the Reformation, promoted by the Isaurian emperors and failed due to the strong Hellenistic naturalistic lobby. Modern "Romans" are trying to get rid of the last elements of religious naturalism, and modern "Greeks" are trying to preserve the Hellenic elements in Christianity. Patterns can be transformed, but the observational view will still be able to identify their lineage. The developed model allows a deeper understanding of the culture of both ancient societies, as well as the outlook of Western man. ; Целью статьи является реконструкция древнегреческой и древнеримской моделей религиозности как антропологических инвариантов, определяющих паттерны мышления и бытия последующих эпох. Теоретический базис. Автор применил положение Протагора о том, что "человек есть мера всех вещей" к реконструкции религиозной сферы культуры. Я исхожу из того, что каждая историческая общность людей обладает набором присущих ей представлений о принципах реальности, на основании которых возникают уникальные "вселенные смыслов". Историческое пространство приобретает антропологические свойства, которые определяют специфическую мифологию соответствующих обществ, а также их духовных наследников. В частности, религиозные модели Древней Греции и Древнего Рима оказали огромное влияние на формирование мировоззрения христианской цивилизации Запада. Научная новизна. Мультисюжетность олимпийской мифологии способствовала многообразию форм выражения греческого гения, который проявил себя в разных областях культурной деятельности, не сводимых к политическому, философскому или религиозному единству. Бедность римской мифологии компенсировалась четким осознанием единства общины, которое при всех исторических перипетиях всегда оставалось неизменным идеалом, и которое мыслилось как отражение единства небес. Эти два подхода к божественному предопределили формирование двух взаимодействующих, но концептуально различных антропологических парадигм Античности. Выводы. Западные концепции божественности являются инвариантами двух основных теологических концепций – "греческой" (натурализм и язычество) и "римской" (трансцендентализм и генотеизм). Речь идет об идеальных типах, поэтому эти две тенденции могут сосуществовать в одном обществе. Римский тренд продолжила реализовывать антиримская религия, принявшая римские формы и римское имя. Иконоборчество было византийским вариантом Реформации, продвигавшимся императорами-исаврами и провалившимся благодаря сильному эллинскому натуралистическому лобби. Современные "римляне" стремятся избавиться от последних элементов религиозного натурализма, а современные "греки" пытаются сохранить эллинские элементы в христианстве. Паттерны могут причудливо трансформироваться, но наблюдательный взгляд все же сможет идентифицировать их родословную. Разработанная модель позволяет глубже понять культуру как двух античных обществ, так и мировоззрение западного человека. ; Метою статті є реконструкція давньогрецької і давньоримської моделей релігійності як антропологічних інваріантів, що визначають патерни мислення й буття наступних епох. Теоретичний базис. Автор застосував положення Протагора про те, що "людина є мірою усіх речей" до реконструкції релігійної сфери культури. Я виходжу з того, що кожна історична спільнота людей має набір властивих їй уявлень про принципи реальності, на підставі яких виникають унікальні "всесвіти смислів". Історичний простір набуває антропологічних властивостей, які визначають специфічну міфологію відповідних суспільств, а також їх духовних спадкоємців. Зокрема, релігійні моделі Стародавньої Греції та Стародавнього Риму справили величезний вплив на формування світогляду християнської цивілізації Заходу. Наукова новизна. Мультисюжетність олімпійської міфології сприяла різноманіттю форм вираження грецького генія, який проявив себе в різних областях культурної діяльності, котрі не зводилися до політичної, філософської або релігійної єдності. Бідність римської міфології компенсувалася чітким усвідомленням єдності громади, яка при всіх історичних перипетіях завжди залишалося незмінним ідеалом, і мислилась як відображення єдності небес. Ці два підходи до божественного визначили формування двох взаємодіючих, але концептуально різних антропологічних парадигм Античності. Висновки. Західні концепції божественності є інваріантами двох основних теологічних концепцій – "грецької" (натуралізм та язичництво) і "римської" (трансценденталізм і генотеїзм). Йдеться про ідеальні типи, тому ці дві тенденції можуть співіснувати в одному суспільстві. Римський тренд продовжила реалізовувати антиримська релігія, яка прийняла римські форми і римське ім'я. Іконоборство було візантійським варіантом Реформації, який просували імператори-ісаврійці та який був провалений завдяки сильному еллінському натуралістичному лобі. Сучасні "римляни" прагнуть позбутися останніх елементів релігійного натуралізму, а сучасні "греки" намагаються зберегти еллінські елементи в християнстві. Патерни можуть трансформуватися, але спостережливий погляд все ж зможе ідентифікувати їх родовід. Розроблена модель дозволяє глибше зрозуміти культуру як двох античних суспільств, так і світогляд західної людини.

At first glance, there is not much to be said about the relation between play and politics. And yet, this thesis questions the gap between playful mode and political perspective at a time when the latter is being asked to renew its theatrical forms and means in a more general context of disavowal of the political practice since the end of the 1980s. As part of an open dialogue between the Latin-American experience and the rest of the international scene, this work focuses on the ways in which the play model participates in a redefinition of a theatre striving to be political. First, it allows for the apprehension of transformations within the Latin-American theatrical context of the end of the 20th Century when its model of a politically engaged theatre was being questioned. Furthermore, it becomes a tool to study texts by Fabio Rubiano (b. 1963, Colombia) Rafael Spregelburd (b. 1970, Argentina) and Gabriel Calderón (b. 1982, Uruguay), and their specific articulation to the political. A politics of play, following Jacques Rancière's "politics of aesthetics", is being charted here, and it allows for the political perspective to exist as a critique of the present and as a desire for transformation, based on its own relation to the real, production of meaning and idea of the viewer. Between politics and play, two main directions can be drawn out within this corpus. Play first functions as a paradoxical means for a critique. It creates playful heteropias which distance themselves from the present to better outline the dystopic map of its flaws and failures. Subsequently or simultaneously, it complicates this first critical interpretation with formal and fictional experimentations which put forth creativity itself. Although the utopic impact of these experimentations varies according to the text and its author, they still participate in formulating the premise of a transformation to come. ; ¿Qué relaciones podemos establecer entre juego y política? Supuestamente, muy pocas. Esta tesis quiere sin embargo cuestionar la aparente divergencia entre el modo lúdico y la perspectiva política cuando ella se encuentra con la obligación de repensar sus formas dentro de un contexto de sospecha general hacia la actividad política desde el final de los años ochenta. A través de un dialogo abierto entre la experiencia latinoamericana y los escenarios teatrales internacionales, este estudio observa como el modelo del juego participa en redefinir un teatro político para hoy en día. Por una parte, el juego permite entender las transformaciones experimentadas por el contexto teatral latinoamericano al final del siglo XX frente a las alteraciones de su modelo dominante de teatro político comprometido. Por otra parte, permite estudiar los textos de Fabio Rubiano (Colombia, 1963) Rafael Spregelburd (Argentina, 1970) y Gabriel Calderón (Uruguay, 1982), en su articulación especifica con lo político. Allí surge una política del juego, en los pasos de la reflexión sobre la "política de la estética" por Jacques Rancière, que dispone la perspectiva política, como crítica hacia el presente y deseos de transformación, desde una relación con lo real, una producción de sentido y una concepción del espectador que le son propios. Entre juego y política, dos dinámicas principales se desarrollan en los textos. Primero, el juego se presenta como una medio paradoxal para la crítica. Dispone heteropías lúdicas que se distinguen de la realidad para poder pintar de manera distópica las fallas y los mancamientos del presente. Después o simultáneamente, el juego desordena la interpretación critica inicial a través de exploraciones ficcionales y formales que subrayan la creatividad en sí misma. La dimensión utópica de estas experimentaciones va cambiando según los textos y los autores pero todas obran a constituir las premisas de unas transfiguraciones por venir. ; Que peut-il y avoir à penser entre jeu et politique ? A priori, peu de chose. Cette thèse questionne pourtant l'écart apparent entre le mode ludique et la perspective politique à l'heure où cette dernière est sommée de renouveler ses formes et ses moyens au théâtre dans le cadre d'un désaveu de l'activité politique plus général depuis la fin des années quatre-vingt. Dans un dialogue ouvert entre l'expérience latino-américaine et le reste de la scène internationale, il s'agit d'observer en quoi le modèle du jeu participe au travail de redéfinition d'un théâtre qui se voudrait politique aujourd'hui. D'une part, il permet d'appréhender les transformations du contexte théâtral latino-américain à la fin du XX° siècle qui voit son modèle de théâtre politique engagé remis en question. D'autre part, il devient un outil pour étudier les textes de Fabio Rubiano (Colombie, 1963) Rafael Spregelburd (Argentine, 1970) et Gabriel Calderón (Uruguay, 1982), dans leur articulation spécifique au politique. Se dessine alors une politique du jeu, dans les pas de Jacques Rancière et de sa « politique de l'esthétique », qui dispose la perspective politique, en tant que critique du présent et désir de transformation, depuis un rapport au réel, une production de sens et une conception du spectateur qui lui sont propres. Entre jeu et politique, deux dynamiques majeures s'établissent au sein du corpus. Le jeu s'offre d'abord comme un moyen paradoxal de critique. Il dispose des hétérotopies ludiques qui mettent à distance le présent pour mieux faire la peinture dystopique de ses failles et ses manquements. Dans un second temps ou simultanément, il brouille cette première interprétation critique par des expérimentations formelles et fictionnelles qui mettent l'accent sur la créativité elle-même. Si la portée utopique de ces expérimentations varie selon les textes et les auteurs, toutes participent à formuler les prémices de transfigurations à venir.

This works cover the issues of the Black Sea Fleet and Ukrainian shipyards during the revolutionary era associated with Nikolaev using archival records, publications in Mykolayiv periodicals of 1917-1919, memoirs of the events, and works of predecessors. The author concludes that the Central Council made an error, thinking that Ukraine does not need a military fleet. In Mykolayiv, the economy of which was based on shipbuilding, this decision led to a catastrophic situation in the shipyards, suspending their work, mass unemployment, and an overall financial crisis in the city. The crisis intensified as a result of the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks and the arrival of the German-Austrian troops. Consequently, an uprising broke out in Mykolayiv. It originated in «Naval» and «Russud» shipyards. Instead of following the Brest-Litovsk peace treaty, the Germans not only captured the current Black Sea fleet, but also tried to finish building the Empire warships left Mykolayiv. For this purpose, they requisitioned Mykolayiv shipyards. While Hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky was in office, the delegation that held talks in Berlin concerning the return of the Black Sea Fleet to Ukraine included Mykolayiv shipyards leaders Boris Yurenev and Mykola Kuhlman. However, the agreement reached during the negotiations concerning joint construction of ships for the merchant fleet and agricultural machinery was violated Germans, so Pavlo Skoropadsky decided to build ships for the Navy needs of Ukraine independently. After the appointment of the former mayor of Mykolayiv vice-admiral Andrey Pokrovsky as the Marine Minister in the government of Skoropadsky, Mykolaiv not only cherished hopes for a revival of the Black Sea Fleet and the resumption of the shipyards' work, but also wanted to regain the management of the Black Sea Fleet. The Skoropadsky government approved the opening a Naval cadets school to train officers for the fleet. Rear-admiral Sergei Frolov, who was born in Mykolayiv, headed the initiative. Further, Mykolaiv was chosen for the deployment of the 2nd regiment of marines. The Mykolaiv branch of the Baltic shipyard was reorganized into Mykolaiv repair shipyard for the Maritime agency of the Ukrainian State. Steps were taken to improve the preservation of documents in the Central Black Sea Naval Archive. The Directorate approved a series of laws to develop the Navy of Ukraine, including the approval of a staff for the military port of Mykolaiv. It was planned that shipbuilding would be developed in Mykolaiv. To this end, the government allocated 20 million rubles to Mykolayiv shipbuilding yards «Naval» and «Russud». Additionally, the Directorate planned to open Naval cadets classes and other educational institutions for training officers and sailors of the Black Sea Fleet. Thus, the policies of Hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky and the Directorate were aimed at strengthening and developing Black Sea Fleet shipbuilding. However, due to the political and historical conditions none of the planned initiatives were implemented. The Ukrainian Navy revived only after the independence of Ukraine. ; На основі архівних документів, публікацій у миколаївських періодичних виданнях 1917–1919 рр., спогадів учасників подій, праць попередників ви- світлено питання Чорноморського флоту та суднобудівних заводів доби української революції, пов'язані із Миколаєвом. Автор дійшов висновку про те, що Центральна Рада припустилася помилок, уважаючи, що Україна не має потреби у військовому флоті. В Миколаєві, економіка якого ґрун- тувалася на суднобудуванні, це призвело до катастрофічної ситуації на суднобудівних заводах, призупинення їх роботи, масового безробіття і загальної фінансової кризи в місті. Кризова ситуація поглибилася спершу у результаті захоплення влади в місті більшовиками, а потім із прихо- дом німецько-австрійських військ. У результаті в Миколаєві вибухнуло повстання, ініціатива якого зародилася на суднобудівних заводах «На- валь» і «Руссуд». Німці, замість виконання умов Брест-Литовського мир- ного договору, не тільки захопили діючий Чорноморський флот, а й на- магалися здійснити добудову закладених ще за Російської імперії військо- вих кораблів у Миколаєві. Із цією метою вони реквізували миколаївські су- днобудівні заводи. За гетьманування Павла Скоропадського до делегації, яка вела переговори в Берліні з приводу повернення Чорноморського флоту Україні, було включено керівників миколаївських суднобудівних за- водів Бориса Юрєнєва та Миколу Кульмана. Однак, досягнуті на перего- ворах домовленості про спільне будування кораблів для торгового фло- ту та сільськогосподарської техніки порушено німцями, через що Павло Скоропадський прийняв рішення самостійно будувати кораблі для пот- реб військового флоту України. Через призначення на посаду Морського міністра в уряді Скоропадського колишнього миколаївського градонача- льника, віце-адмірала Андрія Покровського, Миколаїв не тільки плекав надії на відродження Чорноморського флоту та відновлення роботи суд- нобудівних заводів, а й мріяв про повернення місту статусу центру управління Чорноморським флотом. Уряд Скоропадського встиг схвали- ти рішення про відкриття в Миколаєві Гардемаринської школи для під- готовки офіцерського складу флоту, керівником якої став уродженець Миколаєва, контр-адмірал Сергій Фролов, Миколаїв було визначено міс- цем дислокації 2-го полку морської піхоти; Миколаївське відділення Бал- тійського суднобудівного заводу реорганізовано в Миколаївський ремон- тний і суднобудівний завод морського відомства Української Держави; вжито заходів щодо покращення збереженості документів у Чорномор- ському центральному військово-морському архіві. За Директорії було Випуск 18 85 схвалено низку законів для розбудови військово-морського флоту України, в т. ч. затверджено штати Миколаївського військового порту. Планува- лося, що в Миколаєві інтенсивно розвиватиметься суднобудування, з ці- єю метою уряд виділяв миколаївським суднобудівним заводам «Наваль» і «Руссуд» 20 мільйонів карбованців. У планах Директорії було відкриття в Миколаєві Академії, Гардемаринських класів для старшин, інших навчаль- них закладів для підготовки офіцерів і матросів Чорноморського флоту. Таким чином, політика Гетьмана Павла Скоропадського та Директорії була спрямована на посилення Чорноморського флоту та розвиток суд- нобудування, однак через відомі політичні причини й історичні умови ні- чого із запланованого реалізувати не вдалося. Військово-морські сили України відродилися лише за часів незалежності України.

For years there have been significant structural and intercultural attempts to reduce the significance of the division the Oder border constitutes in the perception of the local population on both sides of the river. Nonetheless, this division remains present and stifles contacts between the two sides, with mutual interests restricted primarily to the material sphere (availability of jobs, education, goods). In youth exchanges especially we find that outside of these material interests the majority of participants has no existing links to the other side of the border. Yet intercultural exchange that is based on interests and motivation to learn about each other is necessary to truly reduce the barriers constituted by the border, and increase the radius of movement for the rural population. Increasingly, this well-known and often referenced deficit-oriented view on the German-Polish border region is being contradicted by positive developments. There are various cooperations, joint projects and events that bring together people from both sides of the border and decrease distance through personal contact. Many important steps to a joint development of the border region have been taken in the past 12 years and we can point to many areas in which new, cross-border structures have been growing. These developments are encouraging and should create interest in the opportunities for future developments of transnational civil society in the German-Polish border region. In the article the author raises the following issues: he discusses the areas and conclusions which result form the literature on the subject of the transnational projects of civil involvement, and presents chosen associations, organisations, and initiatives on the German-Polish border region – their aims, chances, and difficulties. ; Społeczeństwo obywatelskie, obszar wiejski i pogranicze: niemiecko-polski przykładMimo że od wielu lat podejmuje się strukturalne i interkulturowe starania, aby zburzyć granicę na Odrze w głowach społeczności zamieszkującej ten teren, to nadal one istnieją i utrudniają kontakty po obu stronach rzeczywistej granicy. Wzajemne zainteresowanie dotyczy głównie kwestii materialnych: wykształcenia, zawodu, wymiany towarowej. W przypadku młodzieży większość nie zbudowała innych niż wyżej wskazane punktów zaczepienia po drugiej stronie granicy. Właściwe zburzenie granicy, które zmieniłoby nastawienie społeczne, szczególnie na terenach wiejskich, wymaga interkulturowych kontaktów, których treści i cele będą motywować do uczestnictwa w oferowanych przedsięwzięciach. Naprzeciw temu wychodzą inicjatywy, które pokazują, że nakreślona na wstępie sytuacja zmienia się na polsko-niemieckim pograniczu. Przyczyniają się do tego liczne formy współpracy, wspólne projekty i inicjatywy po obu stronach granicy, które umożliwiają spotkania i zbliżają dzięki osobistym kontaktom. W ostatnich 12 latach podjęto wiele inicjatyw służących wspólnemu urządzaniu polsko-niemieckiego pogranicza. Te osiągnięcia dodają odwagi i rozbudzają zainteresowanie przyszłością transnarodowego obywatelskiego społeczeństwa po obu stronach Odry. Autor podejmuje w swoim artykule następujące kwestie: omawia obszary i wnioski wynikające z literatury przedmiotu na temat transnarodowych projektów obywatelskiego zaangażowania, a także prezentuje wybrane stowarzyszenia, organizacje i inicjatywy na polsko- -niemieckim pograniczu – ich cele, szanse i trudności. W literaturze przedmiotu zauważa, po pierwsze, wzrost liczby publikacji na temat partycypacji w transnarodowych inicjatywach, a jednocześnie częste pomijanie aspektów praktycznych w tym względzie. Osiągnięciem jest wypracowanie atrybutów powodzenia tego typu przedsięwzięć, takich jak: innowacyjność, całościowe ujęcie, zrównoważenie, wsparcie, wspólnotowość, ważność, niezależność, przestrzeganie zasad demokracji, adaptacyjność, odpowie-dzialność, ewaluacja. Po drugie, w literaturze przedmiotu dominują społeczne i historyczne aspekty transnarodowych warunków współpracy, które nie opierają się na badaniach empirycznych czy ewaluacji projektów. Po trzecie, w literaturze przedmiotu ważne miejsce zajmują studia przypadków udanych transnarodowych form współpracy, np. między szkołami wyższymi. Po czwarte, warto uzupełnić metodyczną literaturę przedmiotu o wyniki transnarodowych przedsięwzięć, w tym interkulturowej edukacji. Często analizowaną w literaturze kwestią jest dyskurs granicy, obszaru granicznego jako przestrzennego, geograficznego i politycznego fenomenu, szczególnie w kontekście zniesienia granic Unii Europejskiej. Częściej w literaturze przedmiotu są analizowane miasta niż obszary wiejskie. Podsumowując, można powiedzieć, że literatura uwzgledniająca badania na temat partycypacji, obywatelskiego zaangażowania i transnarodowej współpracy jest bogata, ma wiele interdyscyplinarnych wątków, międzynarodowych studiów porównawczych. Jednocześnie jest mocno naznaczona normatywnie, ma słabo ugruntowaną pojęciowość, niewiele w nich przykładów inicjatyw służących europejskiemu zaangażowaniu. Na polsko-niemieckim pograniczu jest wiele organizacji, które mają już długą tradycję wzajemnej współpracy, np. Stowarzyszenie Zamek Trebnitz Centrum Edukacji i Spotkań (Schloß Trebnitz Bildungs‐ und Begegnungszentrum; http://www.schloss-trebnitz.de/pl/), Regionalny Ośrodek Edukacji, Integracji i Demokracji (RAA Frankfurt/O; http://www.raa- -brandenburg.de), Inicjatywa Kreisau (Kreisau-Initiative; www.kriesau.de), Instytut Historii Stosowanej – Społeczeństwo i Nauka w Dialogu (Institut für angewandte Geschichte – Gesellschaft und Wissenschaft im Dialog; http://www.instytut.net), Fundacja Rozwoju Demokracji Lokalnej (www.frdl.org.pl), Stowarzyszenie Kinderring Neuhardenberg (www.kinderring. eu), polsko-niemieckie przedszkola, np. we Frankfurcie/O. "Eurokita", w Słubicach "Pinokio"; Uniwersytet Viadrina we Frankfurcie/O., Collegium Pollonicum, Centrum Interdyscyplinarnych Polskich Studiów. Poza tym w ostatnich latach po polskiej stronie powstało 12 nowych stowarzyszeń, które mają w swojej nazwie polsko-niemiecki człon, co świadczy o rosnącym zainteresowaniu współpracą. Podobnie jest po niemieckiej stronie. Rośnie przy tym potrzeba tworzenia sieci instytucji i organizacji, które nie będą tylko ze sobą konkurowały, np. o środki finansowe, ale będą ze sobą współpracowały w dążeniu do wspólnych celów. Tymczasem wiele polsko-niemieckich inicjatyw ma akcyjny charakter, brakuje systematyczności i ustawiczności działania. Dużą barierą jest nadal język mimo wielu możliwości uczenia się po obu stronach granicy, począwszy od przedszkola. Brakuje też merytorycznego i organizacyjnego wsparcia polsko-niemieckich inicjatyw czy wskazówek opartych na ewaluacji i badaniach empirycznych, jak tę współpracę organizować. Lukę tę próbuje wypełnić od kilku lat Europejskie Centrum Transnarodowej Partycypacji (http://participation-transnational. eu/?language=pl), które dokumentuje współpracę polsko-niemiecką w obszarze kultury, sportu, polityki; oferuje ekspertyzy, pomaga w nawiązywaniu kontaktów, wspiera współpracę między podmiotami zaangażowanymi w polsko-niemiecką współpracę.

Biti suvremenik stvaranja novoga novčanog sustava privilegij je malo generacija. Taj naš privilegij još je i veći zato što su se te aktivnosti u Hrvatskoj odvijale u iznimnim i osobito složenim uvjetima (raspad jedne državne zajednice u kojoj se Hrvatska nalazila, okupacija dijela hrvatskoga državnoga teritorija, agresija na nju i rat te sve posljedice koje te okolnosti donose). Složenost takvih prilika znatno je utjecala na novčarstvo i načine uređenja novčarskih pitanja. U relativno kratkom razdoblju (od prosinca 1991. do rujna 1997.) na teritoriju Hrvatske egzistirala su četiri novčana sustava koja su se dijelom vremenski poklapala (dva novčana sustava suverene države te dva novčana sustava okupatorske vlasti). Kao rezultat aktivnosti monetarnih vlasti (legalnih i okupacijskih) u optjecaju na području Hrvatske kao zakonsko sredstvo plaćanja u promatranome razdoblju bile su četiri novčane jedinice (hrvatski dinar /HRD/ i hrvatska kuna /HRK/ – na teritoriju pod hrvatskom vlašću, i to u slijedu, te tzv. krajinski dinar i jugoslavenski dinar /YUD/ na okupiranim dijelovima Hrvatske također u slijedu uz djelomično vremensko preklapanje tih novčanih sustava s novčanim sustavom suverene Hrvatske). Dvije novčane jedinice imale su podjelu na stote dijelove (hrvatska kuna te jugoslavenski dinar). Dvije novčane jedinice u istraživanome razdoblju nisu realizirane: hrvatska kruna s podjelom na stote dijelove – banice, opredmećena samo u obliku idejnih rješenja i dijelom u obliku probnih otisaka, te jedna novčana jedinica bez odabranog imena samo u pokušaju nametanja zakonskog rješenja kojim bi ona postala zakonsko sredstvo plaćanja na dijelu okupiranoga područja Republike Hrvatske pod srpskom vlašću – na području tzv. Srpske Krajine. Oslobađanjem okupiranih dijelova hrvatskoga teritorija tijekom 1991., 1992. i 1993. godine na tim prostorno i brojem stanovnika nevelikim područjima hrvatski dinar postaje zakonsko sredstvo plaćanja. Područja koja su oslobođena vojnim akcijama 1995. godine – zapadna Slavonija (vojna akcija Bljesak) te sjeverna Dalmacija, Lika, Kordun i Banija (vojna akcija Oluja) i uspostavom hrvatskog suvereniteta na tim područjima uspostavlja se i hrvatska monetarna vlast i hrvatska kuna postaje jedino zakonsko sredstvo plaćanja i na tim dijelovima hrvatskoga teritorija. Konačno, mirnom reintegracijom i preostalih područja Republike Hrvatske - istočne Slavonije, Baranje i zapadnog Srijema - kuna postaje jedino zakonsko sredstvo plaćanja na njezinom cjelokupnom teritoriju 1997. godine. Emisija vlastitoga optjecajnoga kovinskog novca osobito je zahtjevna djelatnost i ima dugoročne posljedice. Kreacija tih novčanih artefakata treba udovoljiti, osim potrebama novčanoga prometa, i ekonomskim zahtjevima, prvenstveno glede troškova njihove izrade, te estetskim zahtjevima njihovih korisnika. U radu se uspoređuju emisije hrvatskog optjecajnoga kovinskog novca s emisijama toga novčanog oblika u tri države u navedenom razdoblju u kontekstu njegovih obilježja, aterijala izrade i pojedinih elemenata vezanih za gospodarenje tim novčanim oblikom. ; Few generations are privileged to witness the creation of a new monetary system. In Croatia the privilege is even greater because this took place under exceptional and extremely complex conditions (the dissolution of a state of which Croatia had been a part, the occupation of part of Croatian state territory, aggression against it and war, with all the consequences that these circumstances bring). The complexity of this situation had a great influence on the monetary sphere and on the way in which this issue was arranged. Four partly overlapping monetary systems existed on the territory of Croatia in a relatively short time (from December 1991 to September 1997), two monetary systems of the sovereign state and two systems of the occupying entities. As a result of the activities undertaken by the monetary authorities (legal and occupational) four monetary units were used as legal tender in circulation in Croatia in the period observed (Croatian dinar /HRD/ and Croatian kuna /HRK/ - in succession on the territory under Croatian rule, and the so-called Krajina dinar and Yugoslav dinar /YUD/ in the occupied parts of Croatia, also used in succession, with the partial overlapping in time of those monetary systems with the monetary system of sovereign Croatia). Two of the monetary units were divided in hundredths (the Croatian kuna and Yugoslav dinar). In that period there were also two monetary units that were never used: the Croatian kruna divided into one hundred banicas, which only got as far as the conceptual stage and partly took the form of trial prints, and a monetary unit that was never even named and was only planned as a way to find a solution for legal tender in the parts of occupied Croatia under Serb rule – on the territory of so-called Serb Krajina. When some of the occupied parts of Croatia were liberated during 1991, 1992 and 1993, the Croatian dinar became legal tender in these areas, as well, but they were not large either in territory or in number of inhabitants. In 1995 some areas were liberated by military action – western Slavonia (military operation Flash) and northern Dalmatia, Lika, Kordun and Banija (military operation Storm), and with the establishment of Croatian sovereignty there, Croatian monetary authority was also introduced and the Croatian kuna became the only legal tender there, as well. Finally, the remaining areas of the Republic of Croatia – eastern Slavonia, Baranja and western Srijem – were peacefully reintegrated and the kuna became the only legal tender in all of Croatia in 1997. The circulation of coins is an especially demanding task and has long-lasting repercussions. The creation of new money must satisfy the needs of monetary traffic and economic demands, in the first place regarding the costs of its coinage, but also meet the aesthetic demands of their users. In the article the author compares the issue of Croatian coins with issues of coins in three states in the given period, from the aspect of their characteristics, material of production and certain elements connected with managing this monetary form.

WOS: 000414973200067 ; A search for heavy resonances decaying to a W or Z boson and a Higgs boson in the q(q)over-bar(('))b(b)over-bar final state is described. The search uses 36.1 fb(-1)of proton-proton collision data at root s = 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2016. The data are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations, with the largest excess found at a resonance mass of 3.0 TeV with a local (global) significance of 3.3 (2.1) sigma. The results are presented in terms of constraints on a simplified model with a heavy vector triplet. Upper limits are set on the production cross-section times branching ratio for resonances decaying to a W (Z) boson and a Higgs boson, itself decaying to b(b)over-bar, in the mass range between 1.1 and 3.8 TeV at 95% confidence level; the limits range between 83 and 1.6 fb (77 and 1.1 fb) at 95% confidence level. (c) 2017 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. ; ANPCyT, ArgentinaANPCyT; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, AustraliaAustralian Research Council; BMWFW, Austria; FWF, AustriaAustrian Science Fund (FWF); ANAS, AzerbaijanAzerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS); SSTC, Belarus; CNPq, BrazilNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); FAPESP, BrazilFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); NSERC, CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NRC, Canada; CFI, CanadaCanada Foundation for Innovation; CERN; CONICYT, ChileComision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT); CAS, ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences; MOST, ChinaMinistry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC, ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China; COLCIENCIAS, ColombiaDepartamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSMT CR, Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; MPO CR, Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; VSC CR, Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; DNRF, Denmark; DNSRC, DenmarkDanish Natural Science Research Council; IN2P3-CNRS, FranceCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; SRNSF, Georgia; BMBF, GermanyFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); HGF, Germany; MPG, GermanyMax Planck Society; GSRT, GreeceGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; RGC, China; Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, IsraelIsrael Science Foundation; I-CORE, Israel; Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; MEXT, JapanMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT); JSPS, JapanMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, NetherlandsNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)Netherlands Government; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, PolandMinistry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; NCN, Poland; FCT, PortugalPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia, Russian FederationRussian Federation; NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS, SloveniaSlovenian Research Agency - Slovenia; MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC, Sweden; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, Switzerland; SNSF, SwitzerlandSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); Cantons of Bern, Switzerland; Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, TaiwanMinistry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; TAEK, TurkeyMinistry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; STFC, United KingdomScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE, United States of AmericaUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF, United States of AmericaNational Science Foundation (NSF); BCKDF; Canada Council; Canarie; CRCAustralian GovernmentDepartment of Industry, Innovation and ScienceCooperative Research Centres (CRC) Programme; Compute Canada; FQRNTFQRNT; Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET; ERC, ERDF; FP7, Horizon 2020; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions; European UnionEuropean Union (EU); Investissements d'Avenir Labex, FranceFrench National Research Agency (ANR); Idex, ANR, FranceFrench National Research Agency (ANR); Region Auvergne, FranceRegion Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes; Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG, GermanyGerman Research Foundation (DFG); AvH Foundation, GermanyAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Herakleitos, Thales; Aristeia programmes; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; BSF, IsraelUS-Israel Binational Science Foundation; GIF, IsraelGerman-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development; Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; Generalitat Valenciana, SpainGeneralitat Valenciana; Royal Society, United KingdomRoyal Society of London; Leverhulme Trust, United KingdomLeverhulme Trust ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; SRNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, Canarie, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom.

WOS: 000414973200051 ; Measurements of dijet Pt correlations in Pb+Pb and pp collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV are presented. The measurements are performed with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider using Pb+Pb and pp data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of 0.14 nb(-1)and 4.0 pb(-1) respectively. Jets are reconstructed using the anti-k(t) algorithm with radius parameter values R = 0.3 and R = 0.4. A background subtraction procedure is applied to correct the jets for the large underlying event present in Pb+Pb collisions. The leading and sub-leading jet transverse momenta are denoted p(T1) and p(T2). An unfolding procedure is applied to the two-dimensional (p(T1) , p(T2)) distributions to account for experimental effects in the measurement of both jets. Distributions of (1/N)dN/dx(J), where X-J = p(T2)/p(T1) , are presented as a function of p(T1) and collision centrality. The distributions are found to be similar in peripheral Pb+Pb collisions and pp collisions, but highly modified in central Pb+Pb collisions. Similar features are present in both the R = 0.3 and R = 0.4 results, indicating that the effects of the underlying event are properly accounted for in the measurement. The results are qualitatively consistent with expectations from partonic energy loss models. (c) 2017 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. ; ANPCyT, ArgentinaANPCyT; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, AustraliaAustralian Research Council; BMWFW, Austria; FWF, AustriaAustrian Science Fund (FWF); ANAS, AzerbaijanAzerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS); SSTC, Belarus; IN2P3-CNRS, FranceCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; SRNSF, Georgia; BMBF, GermanyFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); HGF, Germany; MPG, GermanyMax Planck Society; GSRT, GreeceGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaHong Kong Research Grants Council; ISF, IsraelIsrael Science Foundation; I-CORE, Israel; Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; MEXT, JapanMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT); JSPS, JapanMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, NetherlandsNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)Netherlands Government; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, PolandMinistry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; NCN, Poland; FCT, PortugalPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia; NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS, SloveniaSlovenian Research Agency - Slovenia; MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC, Sweden; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, Switzerland; SNSF, SwitzerlandSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); Canton of Bern, Switzerland; Canton of Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, TaiwanMinistry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; TAEK, TurkeyMinistry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; STFC, United KingdomScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE, United States of AmericaUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF, United States of AmericaNational Science Foundation (NSF); BCKDF; Canada Council; Canarie, Canada; CRC, Canada; Compute Canada; FQRNT, CanadaFQRNT; Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET; ERCEuropean Research Council (ERC); FP7, Horizon 2020; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions; European UnionEuropean Union (EU); Investissements d'Avenir Labex, FranceFrench National Research Agency (ANR); Idex, Region Auvergne, France; Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG, GermanyGerman Research Foundation (DFG); AvH Foundation, GermanyAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Herakleitos programme; Thales programme; Aristeia programme; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; BSF, IsraelUS-Israel Binational Science Foundation; GIF, IsraelGerman-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development; Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat de Valenciana, Spain; Royal Society, United KingdomRoyal Society of London; Leverhulme Trust, United KingdomLeverhulme Trust; NSERC, CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NRC, Canada; CFI, CanadaCanada Foundation for Innovation; CERN; CONICYT, ChileComision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT); CAS, ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences; MOST, ChinaMinistry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC, ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China; MSMT CR, Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; MPO CR, Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; VSC CR, Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; DNRF, Denmark; DNSRC, DenmarkDanish Natural Science Research Council; ANR, Region Auvergne, FranceFrench National Research Agency (ANR)Region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes; Generalitat de Valenciana, Spain ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; SRNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, Canarie, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom.

WOS: 000417190700030 ; The cross-section for the production of two jets in association with a leptonically decaying Z boson (Zjj) is measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, using data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb(-1). The electroweak Zjj cross-section is extracted in a fiducial region chosen to enhance the electroweak contribution relative to the dominant Drell-Yan Zjj process, which is constrained using a data-driven approach. The measured fiducial electroweak cross-section is sigma(Zjj)(EW) = 119 +/- 16 (stat.) +/- 20 (syst.) +/- 2 (lumi.) fb for dijet invariant mass greater than 250 GeV, and 34.2 +/- 5.8 (stat.) +/- 5.5 (syst.) +/- 0.7 (lumi.) fb for dijet invariant mass greater than 1 TeV. Standard Model predictions are in agreement with the measurements. The inclusive Zjj cross-section is also measured in six different fiducial regions with varying contributions from electroweak and Drell-Yan Zjj production. (C) 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. ; ANPCyT, ArgentinaANPCyT; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, AustraliaAustralian Research Council; BMWFW, Austria; FWF, AustriaAustrian Science Fund (FWF); ANAS, AzerbaijanAzerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS); SSTC, Belarus; CNPq, BrazilNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); FAPESP, BrazilFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); NSERC, CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NRC, Canada; CFI, CanadaCanada Foundation for Innovation; CERN; CONICYT, ChileComision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT); CAS, ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences; MOST, ChinaMinistry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC, ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China; COLCIENCIAS, ColombiaDepartamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSMT CR, Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; MPO CR, Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; VSC CR, Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; DNRF, Denmark; DNSRC, DenmarkDanish Natural Science Research Council; IN2P3-CNRS, FranceCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; SRNSF, Georgia; BMBF, GermanyFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); HGF, Germany; MPG, GermanyMax Planck Society; GSRT, GreeceGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaHong Kong Research Grants Council; ISF, IsraelIsrael Science Foundation; I-CORE, Israel; Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; MEXT, JapanMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT); JSPS, JapanMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, NetherlandsNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)Netherlands Government; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, PolandMinistry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; NCN, Poland; FCT, PortugalPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia, Russian FederationRussian Federation; NRCKI, Russian FederationRussian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS, SloveniaSlovenian Research Agency - Slovenia; MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC, Sweden; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, SwedenKnut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation; SERI, Switzerland; SNSF, SwitzerlandSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); Canton of Bern, Switzerland; MOST, TaiwanMinistry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; TAEK, TurkeyMinistry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; STFC, United KingdomScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE, United States of AmericaUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF, United States of AmericaNational Science Foundation (NSF); BCKDF, Canada; Canada Council, Canada; Canarie, Canada; CRC, Canada; Compute Canada, Canada; FQRNT, CanadaFQRNT; Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); ERC, European UnionEuropean Union (EU)European Research Council (ERC); ERDF, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); Horizon, European Union; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, FranceFrench National Research Agency (ANR); ANR, FranceFrench National Research Agency (ANR); Region Auvergne, FranceRegion Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes; Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG, GermanyGerman Research Foundation (DFG); AvH Foundation, GermanyAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Herakleitos programme; Thales programme; Aristeia programme; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRF, Israel; BSF, IsraelUS-Israel Binational Science Foundation; GIF, IsraelGerman-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development; Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, SpainGeneralitat Valenciana; Royal Society, United KingdomRoyal Society of London; Leverhulme Trust, United KingdomLeverhulme Trust; Canton of Geneva, Switzerland ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; SRNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRCKI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, Canarie, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom.