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Human Rights and the Third World: Issues and Discourses deals with the controversial questions on the universalistic notions of human rights. It finds Third World perspectives on human rights and seeks to open up a discursive space in the human rights discourse to address unresolved questions in human rights, citing issues and problems from different countries in the Third World

Not Available ; Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient to all crops including rice and it plays a key role in various plant activities and development. Low availability of P in the soils negatively, influences rice crop growth and causes significant yield loss. In the present study, we characterized a set of 56 germplasm lines for their tolerance to low soil P by screening them at low soil P and optimum soil P levels along with low soil P tolerant and sensitive check varieties. These lines were genotyped for the presence/absence of tolerant allele with respect to the major low soil P tolerance QTL, Pup1, using a set of locus specific PCR-based markers, viz., K46-1, K46-2, K52 and K46CG-1. High genetic variability was observed for various traits associated with low soil P tolerance. The yield parameters from normal and low soil P conditions were used to calculate stress tolerance indices and classify the genotypes according to their tolerance level. Out of the total germplasm lines screened, 15 lines were found to be tolerant to low soil P condition based on the yield reduction in comparison to the tolerant check, but most of them harbored the complete or partial Pup1 locus. Interestingly, two tolerant germplasm lines, IC216831 and IC216903 were observed to be completely devoid of Pup1 and hence they can be explored for new loci underlying low soil P tolerance. ; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India ; ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research

INTRODUCTION: South Asians have high rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and central obesity). Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and dysfunction are features of these disorders and important predictors of CVD mortality. Lower birth and infant weight and greater childhood weight gain are associated with increased adult CVD mortality, but there are few data on their relationship to LV function. The IndEcho study will examine associations of birth size, growth during infancy, childhood and adolescence and CVD risk factors in young adulthood with midlife cardiac structure and function in South Asian Indians. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We propose to study approximately 3000 men and women aged 43-50 years from two birth cohorts established in 1969-1973: the New Delhi Birth Cohort (n=1508) and Vellore Birth Cohort (n=2156). They had serial measurements of weight and height from birth to early adulthood. CVD risk markers (body composition, blood pressure, glucose tolerance and lipids) and lifestyle characteristics (tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical activity, socioeconomic status) were assessed at age ~30 years. Clinical measurements in IndEcho will include anthropometry, blood pressure, biochemistry (glucose, fasting insulin and lipids, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio) and body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance. Outcomes are LV mass and indices of LV systolic and diastolic function assessed by two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, carotid intimal-media thickness and ECG indicators of ischaemia. Regression and conditional growth models, adjusted for potential confounders, will be used to study associations of childhood and young adult exposures with these cardiovascular outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved by the Health Ministry Steering Committee, Government of India and institutional ethics committees of participating centres in India and the University of Southampton, UK. Results will be disseminated through scientific meetings and peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN13432279; Pre-results.

This book is the collection of articles by young researchers from Latin America, Africa and Asia who were laureates of the South-South Institute held in Bangkok, Thailand in November 2014. The primary objective of the South-South Institute is to offer advanced research training opportunities to the younger scholars on the diverse problems and challenges faced by the countries of the South, and the theoretical and methodological perspectives that might be appropriate for gaining a full understanding of the specific situation of the countries and peoples located outside the core of the international system such as it is presently structured. The main premise of this effort is the glaring inadequacy of much of the theories and methodologies developed in the North, as crystallised in the mainstream social sciences, to provide the required instruments for a sound understanding of the problems confronting the countries of the South. The Institute mobilises young scholars from across the three continents, involving them in discussion, critiques and adaptations of existing theories and the generation of alternative approaches.

The category of species has remained largely understudied in mainstream gender scholarship. This edition of the Yearbook of Women's History attempts to show how gender history can be enriched through the study of animals. It highlights that the inclusion of nonhuman animals in historical work has the potential to revolutionize the ways we think about gender history. This volume is expansive in more than one way. First, it is global and transhistorical in its outlook, bringing together perspectives from the Global North and the Global South, and moving from the Middle Ages to the contemporary world. Even more importantly for its purposes, a range of animals appear in the contributions: from the smallest insects to great apes, and from 'cute' kittens to riot dogs and lions. The articles collected here reflect the variety of the animal kingdom and of the creative approaches enabled by animal history

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Latino America in the Umma/ the Umma in Latino America -- Part I Reconsidering History -- Chapter 1 "De los Prohibidos": Mu slims and Moriscos in Colonial Spanish America -- Chapter 2 African Rebellion and Refuge on the Edge of Empire -- Chapter 3 Ethnic and Religious Identification among Muslim East Indians in Suriname (1898–1954) -- Part II Contemporary Cartographies -- Chapter 4 Institutionalizing Islam in Argentina: Comparing Community and Identity Configurations -- Chapter 5 Conversion, Revivalism, and Tradition: The Religious Dynamics of Mu slim Communities in Brazil -- Chapter 6 Guests of Islam: Conversion and the Institutionalization of Islam in Mexico -- Chapter 7 Cubans Searching for a New Faith in a New Context -- Chapter 8 Muslims in Martinique -- Chapter 9 Forming Islamic Religious Identity among Trinidadians in the Age of Social Networks -- Part III Islam Latina/o -- Chapter 10 Discovering a Historical Consciousness: The Creation of a US Latina/o Muslim Identity -- Chapter 11 Mapping Mu slim Communities in "Hispanicized" South Florida -- Chapter 12 Double-Edged Marginality and Agency: Latina Conversion to Islam -- Conclusion -- Contributors -- Index

Background: A quarter of the world's neonatal deaths and 15% of maternal deaths happen in India. Few community-based strategies to improve maternal and newborn health have been tested through the country's government-approved Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs). We aimed to test the effect of participatory women's groups facilitated by ASHAs on birth outcomes, including neonatal mortality. Methods: In this cluster-randomised controlled trial of a community interven

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Bodies, Empires, and World Histories -- I. Thresholds of Modernity: Mapping Genders -- Masculinity and the Bangash Nawabs of Farrukhabad -- An Island of Women: Gender in Qing Travel Writing about Taiwan -- Male Travelers, Female Bodies, and the Gendering of Racial Ideology, 1500–1770 -- Christian Morality in New Spain: The Nahua Woman in the Franciscan Imaginary -- Eva's Men: Gender and Power at the Cape of Good Hope -- Colonial Bodies, Hygiene, and Abolitionist Politics in Eighteenth-Century France -- II. Global Empires, Local Encounters -- Women, Property, and Power in Eighteenth-Century Cairo -- Reproducing Colonialism in British Columbia, 1849–1871 -- Native American and Métis Women as ''Public Mothers'' in the Nineteenth-Century Midwest -- Britishness, Clubbability, and the Colonial Public Sphere -- Muscular Catholicism: Nationalism, Masculinity, and Gaelic Team Sports, 1884–1916 -- Reproducing the ''French Race'': Immigration and Pronatalism in Early-Twentieth-Century France -- Race Hysteria, Darwin 1938 -- Tattooed Secrets: Women's History in Magude District, Southern Mozambique -- III. The Mobility of Politics and the Politics of Mobility -- An Ottoman Occidentalist in Europe: Ahmed Midhat Meets Madame Gülnar, 1889 -- Out of India: The Journeys of the Begam of Bhopal, 1901–1930 -- Celibacy, Sexuality, and Nationalism in North India -- Women's Liberation and Islam in Soviet Uzbekistan, 1926–1941 -- Gender, Power, and U.S. Imperialism: The Occupation of Japan, 1945–1952 -- History and Memory: The ''Comfort Women'' Controversy -- ''One Black Allah'': The Middle East in the Cultural Politics of African American Liberation, 1955–1970 -- Postscript: Bodies, Genders, Empires: Reimagining World Histories -- Index

33 pags., 23 figs., 5 tabs. ; The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument(TROPOMI), launched in October 2017 on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite, monitors the composition of the Earth's atmosphere at an unprecedented horizontal resolution as fine as 3.5×5.5 km2. This paper assesses the performances of the TROPOMI formaldehyde(HCHO) operational product compared to its predecessor, the OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) HCHO QA4ECV product, at different spatial and temporal scales. The parallel development of the two algorithms favoured the consistency of the products, which facilitates the production of long-term combined time series. The main difference between the two satellite products is related to the use of different cloud algorithms, leading to a positive bias of OMI compared to TROPOMI of up to 30% in tropical regions. We show that after switching off the explicit correction for cloud effects, the two datasets come into an excellent agreement. For medium to large HCHO vertical columns(larger than 5×1015 molec. cm-2) the median bias between OMI and TROPOMI HCHO columns is not larger than 10% (<0.4×1015 molec. cm-2). For lower columns, OMI observations present a remaining positive bias of about 20% (<0.8×1015 molec. cm-2) compared to TROPOMI in midlatitude regions. Here, we also use a global network of 18 MAX-DOAS (multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy) instruments to validate both satellite sensors for a large range of HCHO columns. This work complements the study by Vigouroux et al. (2020), where a global FTIR(Fourier transform infrared) network is used to validate the TROPOMI HCHO operational product. Consistent with the FTIR validation study, we find that for elevated HCHO columns, TROPOMI data are systematically low (-25% for HCHO columns larger than 8 × 1015 molec. cm-2), while no significant bias is found for medium-range column values. We further show that OMI and TROPOMI data present equivalent biases for large HCHO levels. However, TROPOMI significantly improves the precision of the HCHO observations at short temporal scales and for low HCHO columns. We show that compared to OMI, the precision of the TROPOMI HCHO columns is improved by 25% for individual pixels and by up to a factor of 3 when considering daily averages in 20 km radius circles. The validation precision obtained with daily TROPOMI observations is comparable to the one obtained with monthly OMI observations. To illustrate the improved performances of TROPOMI in capturing weak HCHO signals, we present clear detection of HCHO column enhancements related to shipping emissions in the Indian Ocean. This is achieved by averaging data over a much shorter period (3 months) than required with previous sensors (5 years) and opens new perspectives to study shipping emissions of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and related atmospheric chemical interactions. ; Part of the reported work was carried out in the framework of the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor Mission Performance Centre (S5p MPC), contracted by the European Space Agency (ESA/ESRIN, contract no. 4000117151/16/I-LG) and supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO), the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB) and the German Aerospace Centre (DLR). BIRA-IASB acknowledges national funding from BELSPO and ESA through the ProDEx projects TRACE-S5P (TRACE-S5P project) and TROVA. Part of this work was also carried out in the framework of the S5p Validation Team (S5PVT) AO projects NIDFORVAL (ID no. 28607, PI Gaia Pinardi, Corinne Vigouroux, BIRA-IASB). Multi-sensor HCHO developments have been funded by the EU FP7 QA4ECV project (grant no. 607405), in close cooperation with KNMI, University of Bremen, MPIC-Mainz and WUR. Work by Hitoshi Irie was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (JPMEERF20192001 and JPMEERF20215005) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan, JSPS KAKENHI (grant numbers JP19H04235 and JP20H04320) and the JAXA 2nd Research Announcement on the Earth Observations (grant number 19RT000351).