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American enthusiasm for promoting democracy has waned since the longer term consequences of the 2003 invasion of Iraq became apparent. The neo-cons misplaced confidence in the superiority of their ideals appeared to blind them to lessons from history. Indeed, they might have been more cautious about encouraging electoral transfers of power had they studied experiences following the post-colonial imposition of democracy. This paper draws out some of those lessons, arguing that examples of newly independent sub Saharan African nations highlighted the lag between the notion of universal suffrage and levels of mutual interdependence that enable stable and secure transitions of power. The lag legacy continues to cast a considerable shadow over sub Saharan African politics resulting in elections being accompanied by killings in the pursuit of power by plebiscite. Despite complicity in the roots of these political problems Western governments and international institutions continue with their 'hopeful prognosis'. Rather than confront underlying failings, blame is localised, directed at corruption and 'big men'. Such targeting fails to understand that these factors are indicative of wider problems requiring deeper rooted exploration and consideration. Hence figurational insights are applied in order to gain a broader understanding of long term social processes and activities that result in failures to entrench democracy within political arrangements. Particular attention is placed upon interweaving balances of power, competition and cooperation and we/I which are applied to a number of case studies including South Sudan, Nigeria and Kenya.

The construction of massive economic-development projects disproportionately impact Indigenous communities in what is now Canada, and is defined by Melissa Checker as environmental racism. This paper explores the imposition process of the St. Lawrence Seaway on the Kanien'kehá:ka community of Caughnawaga, Quebec. The colonial relationship Glen Coulthard describes is used to frame the power dynamics between the state and the community of Caughnawaga in the conception, construction, and compensation phases of the St. Lawrence Seaway. The initial location of the Seaway was on the southern part of the island of Montreal, though shifted on Caughnawaga in future development interests of the city, as uncovered by a draft report completed by Joan Holmes and Associates in 1999. The cabinet conclusions from the Parliament of Canada between 1955 and 1956 discussed concern of legality surrounding the expropriation of reserve land. Ministers declared the legal incongruity could be resolved with amending the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority Act to define the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority as a corporation. The amendment allowed for the Authority to forcibly take lands within Caughnawaga via Section 35 of the Indian Act, removing non-consenting families from their homes. The oral history accounts conducted by Kahnawà:ke community members Stephanie K. Phillips and Dwayne Stacey emphasized the unjust nature of the Seaway. Joan Holmes and Associates confirmed lack of notification of the expropriation to Caughnawaga, often following the actions, and compensation was insufficient when able to compare to private appraisers.

Using a sociology of knowledge framing, this essay highlights how & why the sociological imagination presented by leading European & American scholars showcased in this special issue offers a relatively hopeful assessment of recent transformations. It then questions the extent to which the same optimism prevails for scholars -- and citizens -- of the poorer, less advanced countries of the world. It not only suggests that many of the fundamental sociological transformations associated with the contemporary era -- ranging from globalization of economy, the rise of internet technology, the decline of the nation state, & the rise of more cosmopolitan identities -- are unevenly distributed around the world. It also argues that their political, social, & economic impact will vary, depending on history & developmental context. The essay further suggests that precisely because of the statist & protectionist legacies of late development, many of the same transformations that bring positive gains in the advanced capitalist world, signal troubles ahead for the developing world & its future. The essay draws to a close with a more focused examination of the dark side of recent transformations, evident in such problems as unchecked violence & regional or ethnic fragmentation across major swathes of the global south. Such developments, the essay concludes, should sustain the call for a more "pluralist" sociological imagination for the new millennium, one that can take into account differences within & between various countries around the globe, while also advancing our normative understanding of what it would take to make "global society" possible. References. Adapted from the source document.

ABSTRACT The persistence of the grass balds of the southern Appalachians represents an ecological enigma and a conservation dilemma. These high altitude treeless expanses, well known to native Americans and later grazed by white settlers, are now undergoing rapid succession which threatens a unique community of plants and animals. Whatever the balds' origin and in spite of the apparent antiquity of some, much of the botanical literature insists that they are largely an artifact of relatively recent human disturbance, and, except for rare plant preservation, deserve only limited conservation effort. Such an interpretation lacks both a historical perspective and an appreciation of the possible dynamic nature of this community. The presence of both rare, endemic plants and northern relicts requiring open habitat suggests a long evolutionary history. Also, balds that are still grazed today have maintained both their biota and size. We suggest that some balds are indeed ancient and were maintained during the late Pleistocene by mammalian herbivores. Excavations at Saltville, Virginia and elsewhere reveal the presence of up to 20 species of large herbivores, including mammoth, mastodon, bison, horse, tapir, musk ox, and ground sloth until 10,000 years ago. Thereafter, the mountains supported bison, elk, and deer until European settlement. It is likely that, as in many other parts of the world, this special natural community is the result of long‐term plant‐animal interactions and thus worthy of preservation. Such preservation might best be affected by the use of wild and/or domestic herbivores.

The terminal dates of this study are the year of the foundation of the Crédit Lyonnais and the year of the transfer of the management from Lyons to Paris. Until 1882, the siège social remained in the south, though from the late 1860's on, the initiative in the larger financial operations lay with the "succursale" in the capital. To satisfy the requirements of what Bouvier calls a two-headed direction, an extensive, daily correspondence was indispensable. The result is one of the richest banking archives ever opened to an inquiring researcher. It is not only their abundance that makes these records of the Crédit Lyonnais so valuable; it is their quality, the subjects they treat, the insights they give into the problems and minds of the directors of the bank. These papers deal with matters that today would be confined to conversation—directly or over that bane of the future researcher, the telephone; they concern not only decisions, but the reasons for decisions and the debates that lay behind them. Even if such thoughts were consigned to paper today, the records would in all likelihood end by being removed from the premises as the personal property of their authors. Given the catholicity of interests of the Credit Lyonnais—its activity in the regional and national economy, its innovations in French banking practice, its wide excursions into the field of international finance—its archives are a broad gateway into the economic history of the late nineteenth century.

The Parliament (Seimas) of the Republic of Lithuania the year 2021 declared as the year of the history and culture of Lithuanian Tatars. Lithuanian Tatars have left a bright footprint in the history of Lithuania, and they are a part of its history as well. The descendants of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania live in three countries: Lithuania, Belarus and Poland, and their compatriots – in Crimea, Tatarstan and Turkey. Among the events of the commemorating programme of the Year of the History and Culture of Lithuanian Tatars, which was approved by the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, is the international scientific conference "Tatars in the History and Culture of Lithuania from the 14th to the 21st Centuries: the latest researches", which took place on the 9th–11thofSeptember2021 at the Faculty of Philology of Vilnius University live and remotely. International conferences, dedicated to the research of Lithuanian Tatar history, culture, writing and religion, are being organized periodically in Lithuania. As well as at the other conferences, the manuscript heritage (kitabistics) of Lithuanian Tatars – the field of researches, which is being the mostly developed – was discussed at this conference too. ; Сейм Литовской Республики провозгласил 2021 год годом истории и культуры литовских татар. Литовские татары оставили значительный след в истории Литвы и являются частью его история. Потомки татар Великого княжества Литовского проживают в трех странах: Литве, Беларуси и Польше, а их соотечественники – в Крыму, Татарстане и Турции. В программе мероприятий, посвященных Году истории и культуры литовцев в Литве, утвержденных Правительством Литовской Республики, входила международная научная конференция Татары в истории и культуре Литвы XIV-XXI вв. (9–11 сентября 2021 г.), проходившая в смешанном (оффлайн/онлайн) режиме на филологическом факультете Вильнюсского университета. Как и на других периодически проводимых в Литве международных конференциях, посвященных исследованию истории, культуры, письменности и религии литовских татар, на данной конференции обсуждалась наиболее развитая область исследований татарской культуры – рукописное наследие (китабистика). Totoriai Lietuvos istorijoje ir kultūroje XIV–XXIa.: naujausi tyrimai Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas 2021 metus paskelbė Lietuvos totorių istorijos ir kultūros metais. Lietuvos totoriai paliko ryškų pėdsaką Lietuvos istorijoje, yra jos istorijos dalis. Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštijos totorių palikuonys gyvena trijose valstybėse: Lietuvoje, Baltarusijoje ir Lenkijoje, o jų tautiečiai Kryme, Tatarstane, Turkijoje. Patvirtintoje Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybės Lietuvos totorių istorijos ir kultūros metų minėjimo renginių programoje buvo numatyta tarptautinė mokslinė konferencijaTotoriai Lietuvos istorijoje ir kultūroje XIV–XXI a.: naujausi tyrimai,kuri įvyko 2021 m. rugsėjo 9–11 d. Vilniaus universiteto Filologijos fakultete gyvai ir nuotoliniu būdu. Kai ir kitose Lietuvoje periodiškai rengiamose tarptautinėse konferencijose, kurios skirtos Lietuvos totorių istorijos, kultūros, raštijos ir religijos tyrimams, šioje konferencijoje buvo aptarta labiausiai plėtojama totorių kultūros tyrimų sritis – rankraštinis paveldas (kitabistika). Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvos totoriai, istorija, kultūra, VU konferencijos, kitabistika

The 1958 World's Fair, held in Brussels and known as Expo 58, was an apotheosis of Belgian colonial cinema and propaganda. Simultaneously, it harboured a paradox at the core of late colonial Belgium. In various ways, Belgium developed a dubious reconstruction of the past in an attempt to uphold a strong connection between metropole and colony in the burgeoning Atomic Age. This article explores how the idea of a Belgo-Congolese union was constructed and represented in documentary films screened at Expo 58, and how discussions about documentary cinema challenged that idea in a complex encounter of politics and poetics. In analysing the inextricable interweaving of ideas and representations, this article employs archival research as well as close reading of film and written texts.
Through its multifaceted approach, this article shows how the paternalistic tone of colonial films Tokèndé (Gérard De Boe, 1958), Main dans la main (Inforcongo, 1958) and Pour un monde plus humain (Georges Baudouin, 1957), and the discourse in which they thrived, ran contrary to the progressive humanism the World's Fair wanted to display. This 'progressist' stance clashed with the global process of decolonisation (including in Congo), which was largely neglected during the World's Fair.
At the 'Rencontres Internationales. Le Cinéma et l'Afrique subsaharienne' conference, held at Expo 58 to evaluate film production about and destined for Africa, the paradoxes of paternalistic colonial filmmaking were very much present. Developments in ethnographic filmmaking, however, challenged the colonial discourse that promoted a one-sided Eurafrican community and the colonial cinema that advanced this idea. Though not beyond criticism, cineastes-ethnologists Luc de Heusch and Jean Rouch defended a more participatory and reflexive approach to ethnographic filmmaking, expressed in Rouch's Moi, un noir (1958). By specifically focusing on a hand in hand metaphor, this article demonstrates how film documentaries created, as well as challenged, the myths that rewrite history

International audience ; OBJECTIVES: Despite the increasing number of interventions aiming to integrate cervical cancer screening into HIV clinics in sub-Saharan Africa, Women living with HIV (WLHIV) still have a high risk of developing cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to estimate the coverage of cervical cancer screening and associated factors among WLHIV in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey conducted from May to August 2017. SETTINGS: Outpatient setting in the four highest volume urban HIV clinics of government's or non-governmental organisation's sector in Cote d'Ivoire.PARTICIPANTS: All WLHIV, aged 25-55 years, followed since at least 1 year, selected through a systematic sampling procedure. INTERVENTION: A standardised questionnaire administered to each participant by trained healthcare workers. OUTCOME: Cervical cancer screening uptake.RESULTS: A total of 1991 WLHIV were included in the study, aged in median 42 years (IQR 37-47), and a median CD4 count (last known) of 563 (378-773) cells/mm(3). Among the participants, 1913 (96.1%) had ever heard about cervical cancer, 1444 (72.5%) had been offered cervical cancer screening, mainly in the HIV clinic for 1284 (88.9%), and 1188 reported a personal history of cervical cancer screening for an overall coverage of 59.7% (95% CI 57.6 to 62.0). In multivariable analysis, university level (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.1; 95% CI 1.4 to 3.1, p<0.001), being informed on cervical cancer at the HIV clinic (aOR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.0, p=0.017), receiving information self-perceived as 'clear and understood' on cervical cancer (aOR 1.7; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.2, p<0.001), identifying HIV as a risk factor for cervical cancer (aOR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.8, p=0.002) and being proposed cervical cancer screening in the HIV clinic (aOR 10.1; 95% CI 7.6 to 13.5, p<0.001), were associated with cervical cancer screening uptake.CONCLUSION: Initiatives to support cervical cancer screening in HIV care programmes resulted in effective access to more than half of the ...

International audience ; OBJECTIVES: Despite the increasing number of interventions aiming to integrate cervical cancer screening into HIV clinics in sub-Saharan Africa, Women living with HIV (WLHIV) still have a high risk of developing cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to estimate the coverage of cervical cancer screening and associated factors among WLHIV in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey conducted from May to August 2017. SETTINGS: Outpatient setting in the four highest volume urban HIV clinics of government's or non-governmental organisation's sector in Cote d'Ivoire.PARTICIPANTS: All WLHIV, aged 25-55 years, followed since at least 1 year, selected through a systematic sampling procedure. INTERVENTION: A standardised questionnaire administered to each participant by trained healthcare workers. OUTCOME: Cervical cancer screening uptake.RESULTS: A total of 1991 WLHIV were included in the study, aged in median 42 years (IQR 37-47), and a median CD4 count (last known) of 563 (378-773) cells/mm(3). Among the participants, 1913 (96.1%) had ever heard about cervical cancer, 1444 (72.5%) had been offered cervical cancer screening, mainly in the HIV clinic for 1284 (88.9%), and 1188 reported a personal history of cervical cancer screening for an overall coverage of 59.7% (95% CI 57.6 to 62.0). In multivariable analysis, university level (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.1; 95% CI 1.4 to 3.1, p<0.001), being informed on cervical cancer at the HIV clinic (aOR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.0, p=0.017), receiving information self-perceived as 'clear and understood' on cervical cancer (aOR 1.7; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.2, p<0.001), identifying HIV as a risk factor for cervical cancer (aOR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.8, p=0.002) and being proposed cervical cancer screening in the HIV clinic (aOR 10.1; 95% CI 7.6 to 13.5, p<0.001), were associated with cervical cancer screening uptake.CONCLUSION: Initiatives to support cervical cancer screening in HIV care programmes resulted in effective access to more than half of the ...

From their king's decision to embrace Catholicism at the turn of the sixteenth century to the advent of imperial colonialism in the late eighteen hundreds, the men and women of the central African kingdom of Kongo creatively mixed, merged, and redefined local and foreign visual forms, religious thought, and political concepts into the novel, coherent, but also constantly evolving worldview of Kongo Christianity. Sartorial practices and regalia in particular showcased the artful conversion of the realm under the impetus of its monarchs and aristocrats. In their clothing and insignia, the kingdom's elite combined and recast foreign and local, old and new, material and emblems into heralds of Kongo Christian power, wealth, and, eventually history. I propose to use the concept of the space of correlation as a key to analyze these elaborate, and constantly evolving religious, political, and material transformations through an attentive focus on cultural objects such as clothing, hats, swords, and saint figures. ; Da decisão do rei de abraçar o catolicismo na virada do século XVI até o avanço do colonialismo imperialista do final do século XIX, os homens e mulheres do reino do Congo na África central criativamente misturaram, fundiram e redefiniram formas visuais locais e estrangeiras, pensamento religioso e conceitos políticos numa visão de mundo original, coerente e em constante evolução do cristianismo congo. Práticas de vestimenta e, em especial, insígnias reais demonstram a astuciosa conversão do reino sob o ímpeto de seus monarcas e aristocratas. Através de suas vestimentas e insígnias a elite do reino combinou e remodelou o estrangeiro e o local, o velho e o novo, materiais e emblemas nos arautos de poder, riqueza e, inevitavelmente, história cristã no Congo. Proponho utilizar o conceito de espaço de correlação como elemento-chave para analisar essas elaboradas transformações religiosas, políticas e materiais, em evolução constante, de forma a estabelecer um foco minucioso em objetos culturais tais como indumentária, chapéus, espadas e imagens religiosas.

Migracije su fenomen koji se proteže kroz cijelu ljudsku povijest; one predstavljaju potrebu i nužnost. Brojni su push and pull uzročni faktori. Suvremene masovne migracije pretežno su obilježene premještanjem ljudi koji, u kombinaciji bijega od ratnih sukoba, disfunkcionalnih sustava upravljanja, klimatskih promjena i neimaštine, nastoje stići do sigurnijih i ekonomski razvijenih zemalja. Premda se većina trenutačne svjetske populacije migranata nalazi u državama Azije i Afrike, najveća pozornost posvećena je situacijama u kojima manje skupine pokušavaju dospjeti do država Europske unije, Australije ili primjerice SAD-a. Premda su ulazne migracije nužnost spomenutih zemalja, one nisu spremne za velike priljeve migranata, već navedeno žele projektirano odraditi kroz duže razdoblje. U tu svrhu razvijaju brojne politike, mjere i mehanizme, koji su predmet analize ovoga rada. Rad se posebno bavi kontekstom stvaranja i usporedbom migracijskih politika i postupaka Europske unije i Australije, njihovim sličnostima i razlikama. ; Migration is a phenomenon present throughout human history, as a need and a necessity. There are numerous push and pull factors which cause it. Modern mass migration is mostly marked as "relocating people who in combination with escape from war, dysfunctional management systems, climate change and poverty try to reach safer and economically developed countries". Although most of the current world population of migrants is located in countries of Asia and Africa, the greatest attention was paid to cases where small groups are trying to reach the European Union countries, Australia or the USA. Though in-migration is a necessity in these countries, they are not ready for large inflows of migrants and they want this process to unwind during a longer period of time. For this purpose, they develop a number of policies, measures and mechanisms, which are also the subject of analysis in this paper. This research is especially focused on the context of creation and comparison of the migration policy and procedures of the European Union and Australia, their similarities and differences.

Less than 10 years ago, at the height of the commodities boom, Brazil was all but assured a place as an oil world powerhouse following the discovery of oil in its subsalt basins. Much faith has been put in Brazil delivering the barrels needed to keep the medium-term oil market in reasonable balance. Whether it is the IEA, EIA, OPEC, major oil companies, or indeed the Brazilian government, all projected the country's oil production to increase substantially in the coming years. This optimism was brought to the forefront of the global oil and gas industries by the 2007/2008 discovery of the vast pre-salt basins, specifically the Tupi field. This ranks alongside Kashagan as one of the largest and most significant oil discoveries of the past few decades and the biggest in the Americas since the Cantarell field in Mexico in 1976. However, as has often been the case in recent history for the oil markets, a number of project delays and cost overruns have since taken the shine off the initial optimism, and has also kept Brazil from playing a bigger role in the non-OPEC supply picture. So what has slowed the progress in the Brazilian oil sector? This paper argues that Brazil's upstream sector faces a number of key challenges, including: regulatory barriers; a massive financial burden, consisting of the world's largest corporate expenditure programme and increasingly funded by debt; high production costs and high decline rates; caps on domestic fuel prices, which have adversely affected Petrobras' earnings; and waning interest from major international oil companies (IOCs) in co-financing projects. The country's deep-sea bonanza has become less alluring, whilst oil companies have also been adapting to a changing energy landscape, altered by a focus on capital discipline, shale in the US, and the emergence of other frontier energy sources, such as in deepwater Africa or oil sands in Canada.

AbstractIntroductionThe HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) epidemics are interconnected with shared routes of transmission and specific antiviral drugs that are effective against both viruses. Nearly, 300 million people around the world live with chronic HBV, many of whom are from priority populations who could benefit from HIV prevention services. Oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV has implications in the prevention and treatment of HBV infection, but many people at increased risk of HIV acquisition may instead prefer long‐acting formulations of PrEP, which are currently not active against HBV.DiscussionPeople at increased risk for HIV acquisition may also be at risk for or already be living with HBV infection. Oral PrEP with tenofovir is effective in preventing both HIV and HBV, and tenofovir is also the recommended treatment for chronic HBV infection. Although implementation of oral PrEP has been challenging in sub‐Saharan Africa, investments in its scale‐up could secondarily reduce the clinical impact of HBV. Long‐acting PrEP, including injectable medicines and implantable rings, may overcome some of the implementation challenges associated with oral PrEP, such as daily pill burden, adherence challenges and stigma; however, current formulations of long‐acting PrEP do not have activity against HBV replication. Ideally, PrEP programmes would offer both oral and long‐acting formulations with HBV screening to optimize HIV prevention services and HBV prevention and care, when appropriate. People who are not immune to HBV would benefit from being vaccinated against HBV before initiating long‐acting PrEP. People who remain non‐immune to HBV despite vaccination may benefit from being offered oral, tenofovir‐based PrEP given its potential for HBV PrEP. People using PrEP and living with HBV who are not linked to dedicated HBV care would also benefit from laboratory monitoring at PrEP sites to ensure safety when using and after stopping tenofovir. PrEP programmes are ideal venues to offer HBV screening, HBV vaccination for people who are non‐immune and treatment with tenofovir‐based PrEP for people with indications for HBV therapy.ConclusionsLong‐acting PrEP holds promise for reducing HIV incidence, but its implications for the HBV epidemic, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa, should not be overlooked.

Funding: This study received financial support fromthe EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union project (grant number: TMA2016SF-1463-REMODEL TZ) and DELTAS Africa Initiative (Afrique One-ASPIRE/DEL-15-008). The Afrique One-ASPIRE is funded by a consortium of donors including the African Academy of Sciences, Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa, the New Partnership for Africa's Development Planning and Coordinating Agency, the Wellcome Trust (107753/A/15/Z), and the UK Government. ; Background : Rifampicin or multidrug-resistant-tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) treatment has largely transitioned to regimens free of the injectable aminoglycoside component despite the drug class' purported bactericidal activity early in treatment. We tested whether Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) killing rates measured by molecular bacterial load assay (TB-MBLA) in sputa correlate with composition of the RR/MDR-TB regimen. Methods : Serial sputa were collected from patients with RR/MDR- and drug-sensitive TB at day 0, 3, 7, 14, and then monthly for 4 months of anti-TB treatment. TB-MBLA was used to quantify viable Mtb 16S rRNA in sputum for estimation of colony-forming-unit per mL (eCFU/mL). Mtb killing rates were compared among regimens using nonlinear-mixed-effects modelling of repeated measures. Results : Thirty-seven patients produced 296 serial sputa: 13 patients received an injectable-containing but bedaquiline-free reference regimen, 9 received an injectable and bedaquiline-containing regimen, 8 received an all-oral bedaquiline-based regimen, and 7 patients were treated for drug-sensitive TB with conventional rifampin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/ethambutol (RHZE). Compared to the adjusted Mtb killing of -0.17 (95% CI; -0.23 to -0.12) for the injectable-containing but bedaquiline-free reference regimen, the killing rates were -0.62 (95% CI; -1.05 to -0.20) log10 eCFU/mL for the injectable and bedaquiline-containing regimen (p = 0.019), -0.35 (95% CI; -0.65 to -0.13) log10 eCFU/mL for the all-oral bedaquiline-based regimen (p = 0.054), and -0.29 (95% CI; -0.78 to +0.22) log10 eCFU/mL for RHZE (p = 0.332). Conclusion : Mtb killing rates from sputa were higher among patients who received bedaquiline but were further improved with the addition of an injectable aminoglycoside. ; Publisher PDF ; Peer reviewed

New "trends" of sentence execution in the globalization era : the case of "home confinement with electronic monitoring" / ERIFYLI BAKIRLI, PANTEION UNIVERSITY, Greece -- Breathing under water : gendering the violence against refugee women / Gabriela Borges, Faculty of Law of University of Porto, Portugal, Rita Faria, School of Criminology - Faculty of Law of University of Porto, Portugal -- Natural phenomena and youth conflicts : the influence of climate change: youths and climate change / Obediah Dodo, Bindura University, Zimbabwe -- Cyber blackmailing (the modern slavery) / Hossam Elshenraki, Dubai police Academy, United Arab Emirates -- Globalization, the media and challenges of illegal migration for Africa / Benjamin Assay, DELTA STATE POLYTECHNIC OGWASHI-UKU, Nigeria -- Global conflicts human displacement and local integration / Cuneyt Gurer -- Harmed twice : Syrian youth, war and the stigma surrounding psychological intervention / Adnan Mouhiddin, University of Surrey -- Honour-related violence in the Netherlands / Janine Janssen, Avans University of Applied Sciences -- Identifiable challenges as global complexities : globalisation, gender violence and statelessness / Nicoletta Policek, University of Cumbria, UK.