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Introduction. The dependence of autonomous motivation of teachers on the principal's leadership style was previously considered on the basis of the concept of transformational leadership by B. Bass, whereas its relationship with the styles described in the concept of K. Levin is understudied. The mediators of relations between leadership styles and teachers' motivation are not sufficiently studied. According to the self-determination theory, such mediators can include psychological climate.Aim. The aim of the current research was to develop an integrative concept of leadership styles by K. Lewin and the theory of self-determination by E. Deci and R. Ryan model of dependence of teachers' professional motivation and work engagement on the principal's leadership styles. An additional task was to analyse the mediating role of the psychological climate of the school staff.Methodology and research methods. The correlational research was realised with the sample comprising 238 secondary school teachers in Biysk. The participants answered the Professional Motivation Questionnaire, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Style of Leadership Questionnaire and Group Atmosphere Scale. During processing of obtained data the authors used correlation analysis, t-tests for comparison of means and structural equation modelling.Results. The elaborated structural model demonstrates that the democratic leadership style of the school principal is positively related to the autonomous motivation of teachers directly and indirectly through the psychological climate. The principal's liberal leadership style is inversely related to teachers' work engagement. In terms of self-determination theory, these results reflect different opportunities to meet the basic psychological needs of employees in teams with different psychological climate and principal's leadership style.Scientific novelty includes elaborated model describing the relationship of principals' leadership styles according to K. Lewin's typology with autonomous motivation and work engagement of teachers. The revealed effect of partial mediation of relations between democratic leadership style and autonomous motivation of teachers through psychological climate clarifies the ideas about the system of socio-psychological factors of professional motivation.Practical significance consists in usage of the results for improvement of psychological training of principals, optimisation of their leadership style for creating better psychological atmosphere and support for teachers' productive motivation. ; Введение. Зависимость автономной мотивации учителей от стиля руководства директора школы рассматривалась ранее на основе концепции трансформационного лидерства B. Bass, в то время как ее связь со стилями, описанными в концепции K. Levin, исследована недостаточно. Также недостаточно изучены медиаторы связи между стилями руководства и мотивацией учителей. C учетом положений теории самодетерминации к числу таких медиаторов может принадлежать психологический климат коллектива.Целью исследования стала разработка интегрирующей концепцию стилей лидерства K. Lewin и теорию самодетерминации E. Deci и R. Ryan модели зависимости профессиональной мотивации учителей и их увлеченности работой от стилей лидерства директора школы. Дополнительной задачей стал анализ опосредствующей роли психологического климата коллектива школы.Методология и методики исследования. Для достижения цели было проведено корреляционное исследование, в котором приняли участие 238 учителей средних школ г. Бийска. Участники отвечали на вопросы батареи психодиагностических методик, включающей опросник профессиональной мотивации, Утрехтскую шкалу увлеченности работой, опросник «Стиль руководства» и методику оценки психологической атмосферы (климата) в коллективе. В ходе обработки данных использовались методы корреляционного и сравнительного анализа, а также линейного структурного моделирования.Результаты исследования. Разработанная структурная модель демонстрирует, что демократический стиль руководства директора школы прямо связан с автономной мотивацией педагогов непосредственно и опосредованно через психологический климат. Либеральный стиль руководства директора обратно связан с увлеченностью работой учителей. С точки зрения теории самодетерминации эти результаты отражают разные возможности удовлетворения базовых психологических потребностей сотрудников в коллективах с разным психологическим климатом и стилем руководства директора.Научная новизна заключается в разработке модели, характеризующей связь стилей руководства директоров школ по типологии K. Lewin с автономной мотивацией и увлеченностью работой педагогов. Выявленный эффект частичной медиации связи между демократическим стилем руководства и автономной мотивацией учителей через психологический климат коллектива школы уточняет представления о системе социально-психологических факторов профессиональной мотивации.Практическая значимость определяется возможностью использования результатов для совершенствования психологической подготовки руководителей школ, оптимизации их стиля управления педагогическим коллективом для поддержания продуктивной мотивации педагогов.

This PhD project was aimed to optimize MRI protocols for pelvis imaging, in particular for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) and for the fetal brain development. Different non-invasive MRI techniques were employed to investigate biological tissues, with the purpose to obtain information on microstructures and potentially metabolism. Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy and the fifth leading cause of death in men worldwide. Due to the high incidence of PCa and the limitations of current diagnostic methods, the primary goal of this work was to develop an MRI protocol able to improve the sensitivity of the diagnostic. The investigation of prostate cancer started with ex-vivo experiments conducted on specimens of human prostate gland, obtained after radical prostatectomy, with the 9.4T scanner at the NMR and Medical Physics Laboratory of CNR-ISC (Sapienza). Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) were performed at high-resolution (70x70 micrometers in plane) to evaluate diffusion metrics in the different prostate compartment and directly compare measurements with the histopathology results. This study proceeded with in-vivo experiments with a 3T clinical MR scanner (Philips Achieva at Policlinico Tor Vergata) on subjects with diagnosed PCa. DTI was performed with the purpose to assess its diagnostic ability in individuating and classifying PCa with different ranges of diffusion weightings, i.e. b-values. Our results showing that the diagnostic accuracy of DTI is improved with high diffusion weightings motivated our interest in performing DKI, a technique that captures water diffusion features when high b-values are employed, providing additional information on tissue microstructures, inaccessible to DTI technique. The second part of this PhD project was conducted at the Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR) in Minneapolis and was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Curie grant agreement No 691110 (MICROBRADAM). The study was dedicated to perform prostate cancer imaging with new contrast mechanisms, based on T1rho and T2rho relaxation times. T1rho and T2rho characterize the relaxation of the nuclear magnetization in the rotating frame and they are sensitive to molecular dynamics occurring at frequencies in the range of kHz, characteristic of several in-vivo processes, enabling the access to important information on tissue microenvironment. T1rho and T2rho imaging is limited by the intensive energy deposited by the acquisition sequence, which it is usually overcome by increasing the acquisition time, preventing the possibility of diagnostic applications. Therefore the aim of this work was to develop a new approach to perform imaging in the rotating frame with a three-dimensional acquisition method, recently developed at the CMRR, in order to address the aforementioned shortcomings. Given the incidence of PCa, this research has international interest and potentially contributes to improve not only the sensitivity of PCa diagnostic but also the knowledge of the tissue micro-changing caused by the tumor development. A part of this project was dedicated to Diffusion MRI application in woman pelvis to image fetuses during gestation. The aim of this work was to develop a fast and reliable protocol for fetal imaging to minimize mother-fetal motion artifact and perfusion effects. The protocol designed for acquisition and post-processing was employed to successfully study fetal brain development during the second and third trimester of gestation, in normal cases and in fetuses affected by ventriculomegaly disease. These preliminary data can contribute to delineate a reference standard to assess the normal progress of sulcation and myelination as well as the normative biometry of the fetal brain, improving the knowledge of brain maturation. Globally, the impact of this research lies in having demonstrated that the sensitivity of DMRI for microstructural changes in body tissue caused by cancer, brain disease or normal condition like brain maturation can be fruitfully utilized in combination with artifact correction methods. Moreover, new strategy of image reconstruction, such as 3D gradient echo, can be successfully employed to perform abdominal imaging, enriching the investigation of in-vivo systems with information on tissue microenvironment and metabolism.

Introduction. The main challenge faced by many migrants is problems arising during the integration in host communities. Social work with migrants and their families in Russia is an important area. However, up to now, a systematic understanding of what methods of social works used in government institutions and non-profit organizations with migrants are effective is still lacking. The purpose of the research is to study the state of social work with migrants in Russia and to identify the risk factors and the problems in the course of adaptation and integration of migrants into Russian society.Methodology and sources. Data for this study were collected using the qualitative method of a survey to assess the practices of social work with migrants. Semi-structured interviews (30 interviews) were conducted in 2017–2019 in St Petersburg, Moscow and Kazan with employees of professional centers for work with migrants, scientists specializing in the study of migration processes in their various aspects, and organizers of regular events (seminars, conferences) on this topic. Sampling was formed using the snowball method to select the most qualified specialists and practitioners. The number of interviews made it possible to cover various areas of social work with migrants, both in government structures and in non-profit organizations, and to examine both the practice of social work and the management sphere. Processing of results was conducted using the method of expert assessments.Results and discussion. According to the results of interviews, authors identify that the effectiveness of the social works in this sphere is determined by different components of integration with the host community: legal literacy of foreign citizens, increasing their legal security, improving access to health care and education, to housing and the labor market, improving the professional skills of migrants and their knowledge of the Russian language, history and socio-cultural foundations of Russian society.Conclusion. Based on expert assessments, the most effective practices of social work with migrants in the process of adaptation were identified: legal advice, orientation courses, mobile counseling points where migrants can get advice from a social worker, a lawyer, and a doctor, and mobile applications integrated with state and non-state organizations. The results obtained show that the role of non-profit organizations (national cultural organizations for the preservation and development of cultures, the House of Friendship of Peoples) is growing. ; Введение. Социальная работа с мигрантами и их семьями в России является важным направлением государственной политики. Однако до сих пор отсутствует системное понимание того, какие методы социальной работы с мигрантами, используемые в государственных учреждениях и некоммерческих организациях, наиболее эффективны. Целью исследования является изучение состояния социальной работы с мигрантами в России и определение рисков и проблем в ходе адаптации и интеграции мигрантов в российское общество.Методология и источники. Данные для исследования были собраны с использованием качественного метода оценки практик социальной работы с мигрантами. Полуструктурированные интервью (в количестве 30) были проведены в 2018–2019 гг. в СанктПетербурге, Москве и Казани с сотрудниками профессиональных центров по работе с мигрантами, с учеными, специализирующимися на изучении миграционных процессов, и организаторами регулярных мероприятий (семинаров, конференций) на эту тему. Выборка формировалась методом снежного кома. Количество проведенных интервью позволило охватить различные направления социальной работы с мигрантами, как в государственных структурах, так и в некоммерческих организациях, а также рассмотреть как практики социальной работы, так и управленческую сферу. При обработке данных использовался метод экспертных оценок.Результаты и обсуждение. В результате исследования выявлено, что эффективность социальной работы с мигрантами определяется следующими обстоятельствами: улучшением информационной осведомленности и правовой грамотности иностранных граждан, повышением уровня их правовой защищенности, улучшением доступа к услугам здравоохранения и образования, помощью в поиске жилья и трудоустройстве, повышением профессиональной квалификации и совершенствованием знания русского языка, истории и социально-культурных основ жизни российского общества.Заключение. На основе экспертных оценок определены наиболее эффективные практики социальной работы с мигрантами: юридические консультации, адаптационные курсы, мобильные консультационные пункты, а также мобильные приложения, интегрированные с государственными и негосударственными организациями. Полученные результаты показывают, что возрастает роль некоммерческих организаций (национальных культурных организаций по сохранению и развитию культур, Домов дружбы народов), которые помогают мигрантам быстрее и эффективнее адаптироваться к новым условиям и интегрироваться в принимающее сообщество.

The actual value of the topic. The present emerges through the prism of the past, transforms reality, creates the ray of the future. Once upon a time, Ukraine has chosen its vector of democratic and socio-legal development - the European path. And from that moment, the orientation-legal activity changed, new conditions of existence emerged, which, in turn, led to the emergence of unknown threats to the country. For the prevention,timely detection and elimination of such threats, the state is trying to improve comprehensively the legislation and eliminate the existing gaps and conflicts in it. The National Police is considered to be an instrument for ensuring the protection of human rights andfreedoms, the interests ofsociety and the state, counteracting crime, maintaining public security and order in the country. Moreover, after reforming the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, it was announced that the focus of their activities was on the prevention of offenses, identification of the causes and conditions that contributed to their commission, taking measures to eliminate them, that confirms the relevance of the investigated topic.The status of recent research and publications. The publications on the topic of preventive measures of law enforcement agencies in the Ukrainian scientific community can be divided into two directions. The first area is devoted to general issues ofprevention. It is developed by Klyuev O. M., Lesko N. V., Shkola S. M., Felik V. The aim of the second direction is the scientific elaboration of applied issues of prevention. Komarnitskaya 1.1., Kornienko M. I., Melnyk V. I., Soha S. I., Shestakov S. V., Babakin V. M., Blaga A. B., Bugaychuk K. L., Zhuravel T. V., Zabroda D. G., Josipiv A. A. work in this direction.The main aim of this publication is an attempt ofphilosophical-legal understanding of the needfor preventive measures by the National Police, who are the most valuable link in the system of police authority. The aim is also to systematize the types, functions and principles, to clearly outline directions and features, to set a goal and to provide appropriate recommendations for improving the preventive measures of the National Police.The outline of the main material. In the main part of the publication are analyzed the preventive measures of the National Police of Ukraine. It is shown a variety of approaches to understanding the category of «prevention» from the viewpoint ofdifferent legal sciences. The classification of types ofprevention is given and from this point of view the existing laws and bills are analyzed. The authors refer to the basic methods of preventive measures. They emphasize the method of coercion as the most effective for modern Ukraine. Special attention is drawn to preventive measures among the juveniles.Conclusions. At the present stage of legislative development of society, preventive measures of the National Police should be the most important direction of activity of state- governmental structures. It is considered in the hypostasis of preventive measures, which is based on the application of methods of observation and data processing, their systematization in order to prevent the commission ofan offense at the stage of its planning and preparation. The philosophical-legal analysis conducted in this article confirms that the preventive measures of the National Police provide a process of discrediting criminal behavior, voluntarily abandoning criminal motivation and intent, or continuing the illegal activity of certain groups and individuals who bear criminal intentions and have a positive attitude to illegal way of life. The essence ofprevention is to develop a sense of responsibility for behavior, which promotes a deep awareness not only of rights but also of obligations. ; Публикация является попыткой философско-правового осмысления профилакти­ческой деятельности Национальной полиции - ведущего звена в системе полицейских полномочий. Авторы пытаются систематизировать виды, функции и принципы профилактики, четко очертить ее направления и особенности, установить цель. ; Публікація є спробою філософсько-правового осмислення профілактичної діяль­ності Національної поліції - провідної ланки в системі поліцейських повноважень. Автори намагаються систематизувати види, функції і принципи профілактики, чітко окреслити її напрямки та особливості, встановити мету.

The transition to a climate-neutrality is expected to boost the demand for batteries in the coming years. If the EU wants to be competitive in the global market of battery manufacturing it has to ensure a sustainable, secure supply of raw materials needed for the batteries value chain. Therefore, reliable systemic information on recent availability of these raw materials within the EU economy is crucial to identify hotspots and define ways to secure their sustainable supply. Material System Analysis (MSA) can provide crucial information for the recent past on sustainable resource management, including the provision of evidence to inform policy decision-making on the sustainable and competitive supply of e.g. battery raw materials. This report focuses on the MSA studies of five selected materials used in batteries: cobalt, lithium, manganese, natural graphite, and nickel. It summarises the results related to material stocks and flows for each material. The MSA studies, were performed for five consecutive reference years, i.e. from 2012 to 2016. This report however presents only the MSA results for 2016. Priority has been given to official and publicly available data sources. Because of their importance for the future battery value chain in Europe, the five MSA have been harmonised considering the latest available datasets publicly available on batteries stocks and flows (update from the ProSum database). The five battery-related materials analysed show a very strong reliance on imports along the value chain. In particular the material systems are all highly dependent on imports of primary and/or semi-processed materials. The EU self-sufficiency was analysed separately for each stage. For the extraction stage, natural graphite had the lowest value of EU self-sufficiency in 2016 (less than 1% of the amount used in manufacturing was extracted in the EU), while nickel had the highest (37% of nickel in its primary forms was extracted in the EU). For the EU manufacturing stage, 75% of the products containing cobalt and lithium consumed in the use stage were produced in the EU, in 2016. On the other hand, the EU manufacturing of manganese, natural graphite and nickel products was self-sufficient to satisfy the EU consumption and supplying the external market. For all these materials the functional recycling of old scrap is still low and under development in the EU. Cobalt has the highest end-of-life recycling input rate (EOL-RIR) with 22%, while for lithium, this rate is close to 0%. This indicates that the EU is currently able to only slightly decrease its dependency on primary material using secondary materials recycled domestically. For the period covered by the MSA (2012-2016), results confirm that battery manufacturing has not been a dominant application. Based on the strong promotion of clean technologies, the demand for these raw materials is expected to multiply. As a consequence, imports of these materials will intensify, as domestic processing and manufacturing increases. The situation is however less clear for the net balance of the final products (containing these materials). In the coming years, the expansion in EU capacity to produce significant amounts of batteries and related final products will determine industry's competitiveness on the world battery market. ; publishedVersion ; The reuse policy of the European Commission is implemented by the Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Except otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that reuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not owned by the EU, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. All content © European Union, 2020, except: Battery figure in the cover page that was designed by vectorpocket / Freepik

The actual value of the topic. The present emerges through the prism of the past, transforms reality, creates the ray of the future. Once upon a time, Ukraine has chosen its vector of democratic and socio-legal development - the European path. And from that moment, the orientation-legal activity changed, new conditions of existence emerged, which, in turn, led to the emergence of unknown threats to the country. For the prevention,timely detection and elimination of such threats, the state is trying to improve comprehensively the legislation and eliminate the existing gaps and conflicts in it. The National Police is considered to be an instrument for ensuring the protection of human rights andfreedoms, the interests ofsociety and the state, counteracting crime, maintaining public security and order in the country. Moreover, after reforming the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, it was announced that the focus of their activities was on the prevention of offenses, identification of the causes and conditions that contributed to their commission, taking measures to eliminate them, that confirms the relevance of the investigated topic.The status of recent research and publications. The publications on the topic of preventive measures of law enforcement agencies in the Ukrainian scientific community can be divided into two directions. The first area is devoted to general issues ofprevention. It is developed by Klyuev O. M., Lesko N. V., Shkola S. M., Felik V. The aim of the second direction is the scientific elaboration of applied issues of prevention. Komarnitskaya 1.1., Kornienko M. I., Melnyk V. I., Soha S. I., Shestakov S. V., Babakin V. M., Blaga A. B., Bugaychuk K. L., Zhuravel T. V., Zabroda D. G., Josipiv A. A. work in this direction.The main aim of this publication is an attempt ofphilosophical-legal understanding of the needfor preventive measures by the National Police, who are the most valuable link in the system of police authority. The aim is also to systematize the types, functions and principles, to clearly outline directions and features, to set a goal and to provide appropriate recommendations for improving the preventive measures of the National Police.The outline of the main material. In the main part of the publication are analyzed the preventive measures of the National Police of Ukraine. It is shown a variety of approaches to understanding the category of «prevention» from the viewpoint ofdifferent legal sciences. The classification of types ofprevention is given and from this point of view the existing laws and bills are analyzed. The authors refer to the basic methods of preventive measures. They emphasize the method of coercion as the most effective for modern Ukraine. Special attention is drawn to preventive measures among the juveniles.Conclusions. At the present stage of legislative development of society, preventive measures of the National Police should be the most important direction of activity of state- governmental structures. It is considered in the hypostasis of preventive measures, which is based on the application of methods of observation and data processing, their systematization in order to prevent the commission ofan offense at the stage of its planning and preparation. The philosophical-legal analysis conducted in this article confirms that the preventive measures of the National Police provide a process of discrediting criminal behavior, voluntarily abandoning criminal motivation and intent, or continuing the illegal activity of certain groups and individuals who bear criminal intentions and have a positive attitude to illegal way of life. The essence ofprevention is to develop a sense of responsibility for behavior, which promotes a deep awareness not only of rights but also of obligations. ; Публикация является попыткой философско-правового осмысления профилакти­ческой деятельности Национальной полиции - ведущего звена в системе полицейских полномочий. Авторы пытаются систематизировать виды, функции и принципы профилактики, четко очертить ее направления и особенности, установить цель. ; Публікація є спробою філософсько-правового осмислення профілактичної діяль­ності Національної поліції - провідної ланки в системі поліцейських повноважень. Автори намагаються систематизувати види, функції і принципи профілактики, чітко окреслити її напрямки та особливості, встановити мету.

On the basis of the complex analysis, an algorithm for constructing a complex economic-mathematical model that characterizes the influence of the main macroeconomic factors on the development of the bioeconomy is proposed. Based on the criteria of importance, availability of data and measurability, the following indicators were necessary and sufficient: from the group of supply factors - the area of agricultural land; the area of organic farming areas; crop area and yield of biotech crops; number of enterprises producing and processing biomass and enterprises using biotechnology; from the group of demand factors - interest rates; real exchange rate; the value of net exports; the state, consumer and investment costs. The method of factor analysis in the Statistica program was selected for the constructing an economics-mathematical model in accordance with the objectives and specifics of the research tasks. In order to obtain the integral indicator of the bioeconomy development Ірб, the distribution of input parameters for stimulants and disintegrants was performed, then the factor loadings were calculated using the method of the main components. As a result of the multiple correlation, the following factors have been identified as the most significant in terms of impact on the integral indicator of the bioeconomic development: the volume of scientific and technical works, in UAH millions, government expenditures, in UAH millions, consumer expenses, in UAH millions, exchange rate, UAH to USD. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that an increase in state expenditures, as well as an increase in consumer expenditures, an increase in the volume scientific and scientific works, the strengthening of the exchange rate of the national monetary unit, have a positive impact on the value of the integral indicator of the bioeconomy development Ірб, which corresponds to the improvement of the bioeconomy development. The set of links between such macroeconomic factors as the volume of scientific and technical works, the size of public expenditures, consumer expenditures, exchange rate and bioeconomy contributes to the development of the foundation for the formation of a balanced long-term policy towards the development of the national economy of Ukraine. The use of the theoretical, methodological and practical developments is aimed, first of all, at the effective development of bioeconomy based on the use of renewable energy sources, including biomass, creation of agro-biotechnological clusters, resource conservation policy, and the formation of a new system of interaction between business, state and society. ; На основі проведеного комплексного аналізу запропоновано алгоритм побудови комплексної економіко-математичної моделі, яка характеризує вплив основних макроекономічних факторів на розвиток біоекономіки. Спираючись на критерії важливості, доступності даних та вимірюваності, необхідними та достатніми виявились такі показники: з групи факторів пропозиції – площа сільськогосподарських угідь; площа територій органічного землеробства; площа посівів та урожайність біотехнологічних культур; кількість підприємств з виробництва і переробки біомаси та підприємств, що використовують біотехнології; з групи факторів попиту – процентні ставки; реальний обмінний курс; величина чистого експорту; величина державних, споживчих та інвестиційних витрат. При побудові економіко-математичної моделі у відповідності з цілями та специфікою задач дослідження було обрано метод факторного аналізу в середовищі Statistica. З метою одержання інтегрального показника розвитку біоекономіки Ірб було здійснено розподіл вхідних показників на стимулятори та дестимулятори, після чого проведено розрахунок факторних навантажень з використанням методу головних компонент. У результаті проведеної множинної кореляції найбільш значущими з точки зору впливу на інтегральний показник розвитку біоекономіки виявлено такі фактори: обсяг наукових та науково-технічних робіт, млн грн; державні витрати, млн грн; споживчі витрати, млн грн; обмінний курс, грн/дол. США.Базуючись на результатах дослідження, зроблено висновок, що збільшення обсягу державних витрат, як і зростання величини споживчих витрат, ріст обсягів проведення наукових та науково-технічних робіт, а також зміцнення обмінного курсу національної грошової одиниці мають позитивний вплив на значення інтегрального показника розвитку біоекономіки Ірб, що відповідає поліпшенню розвитку біоекономіки. Використання отриманих теоретичних, методологічних і практичних розробок, перш за все, спрямовано на ефективний розвиток біоекономіки, що базується на засадах використання поновлюваних джерел енергії, включаючи біомасу, створення агробіотехнологічних кластерів, проведення політики ресурсозбереження, формування нової системи взаємодії бізнесу, держави і суспільства.

Today, the issue of setting up an electronic parliament in Ukraine and its information and analytical support to ensure effective lawmaking activity is very relevant. In the western democratic world, parliaments widely use ICT (information and communication technologies) to optimize processes, increase accessibility, transparency, and enhanced reporting capabilities. Parliament is the main legislature institution, which demonstrates trends of new technologies, rapid exchange of information between divisions, the latest methods of processing and transmitting data in information systems. With the introduction of ICT in the parliament, key political values of the legislature should be strengthened, such as free access to information, openness, and transparency. E-democracy tools in the e-Parliament provide effective parliamentary functions, increase the quality of parliamentarism and the legislative process. New information systems make the legislature more efficient, and the tools of e-democracy and information and communication technologies enable citizens to be more involved in public affairs, through the possibility of indirect involvement in legislative initiatives. Adapting European experience can strengthen the institutional capacity of the Ukrainian parliament, deepen communication with civil society, introduce quality expert support and coordinate the adoption of new bills. This article examines the main functions of parliament with the use of ICT, tools of the electronic parliament and mechanisms for interaction with the external environment - media, experts and civil society. The main purpose of this study is to analyze world tendencies of the development e-Parliament and the possibility of introducing new electronic tools in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. ; На сегодня в Украине является актуальным вопрос применения инструментов электронного парламента и информационно-аналитической поддержки законодательной ветви власти для обеспечения эффективной законотворческой деятельности. В западном демократическом мире парламенты активно используют ИКТ (информационно-коммуникационные технологии) для оптимизации процессов, большей доступности, прозрачности, расширенных возможностей отчетности. Именно парламент, как главный законодательный орган, должен демонстрировать тренды новых технологий, быстрый обмен информацией между подразделениями, новейшие методы обработки и передачи данных в информационных системах. С введением ИКТ в парламенте должны усилиться такие ключевые политические ценности законодательного органа, как свободный доступ к информации, открытость и прозрачность работы. Внедрение информационных систем электронного участия способствует повышению эффективности работы законодательного органа, а инструменты электронной демократии и информационно-коммуникационные технологии позволяют гражданам быть более вовлеченными в государственное управление через возможность участия в процессе принятия законодательных решений. В результате инструменты электронного парламента обеспечивают эффективное выполнение парламентских функций, повышают качество парламентаризма и всего законодательного процесса. Перенимая европейский опыт электронной демократии, можно укрепить институциональную способность украинского парламента, углубить взаимодействие с гражданским обществом, ввести качественный экспертно-аналитическое сопровождение законодательных инициатив и дальнейшую их координацию. Рассмотрены основные функции парламента с применением ИКТ, инструменты электронного парламента и электронные механизмы взаимодействия с внешней средой - СМИ, экспертами и гражданским обществом. ; На сьогодні в Україні є актуальним питання застосування інструментів електронного парламенту та інформаційно-аналітичної підтримки законодавчої гілки влади для забезпечення ефективної законотворчої діяльності. У західному демокра-тичному світі парламенти активно використовують ІКТ (інформаційно- комунікаційні технології) для оптимізації процесів, більшої доступності, прозорості, розширених можливостей звітності. Саме парламент, як головний законодавчий орган, має демонструвати тренди нових технологій, швидкий обмін інформацією між підрозділами, новітні методи обробки та передачі даних в інформаційних системах. Із запровадженням ІКТ в парламенті мають посилитися такі ключові політичні цінності законодавчого органу, як вільний доступ до інформації, відкритість та прозорість роботи. Запровадження інформаційних систем електронної участі сприятиме підвищенню ефективності роботи законодавчого органу, а інструменти електронної демократії та інформаційно-комунікаційні технології дозволяють громадянам бути більш залученими до державного управління через можливість участі у процесі ухвалення законодавчих рішень. У результаті інструменти електронного парламенту забезпечують ефективне виконання парламентських функцій, підвищують якість парламентаризму і законодавчого процесу. Переймаючи європейський досвід електронної демократії, можна зміцнити інституційну спроможність українського парламенту, поглибити взаємодію з громадянським суспільством, запровадити якісний експертно-аналітичний супровід законодавчих ініціатив та подальшу їх координацію. Розглянуто основні функції парламенту із застосуванням ІКТ, інструменти електронного парламенту та електронні механізми взаємодії із зовнішнім середовищем – ЗМІ, експертами та громадянським суспільством.

The use of explosive weapons is becoming increasingly prevalent in the modern world, from the recent military conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Yemen, Israel, Palestine and many more, to the increasing regularity of terror and guerrilla attacks on both civilian and military personnel, the damage and injuries wrought by these inherently indiscriminate weapons cannot be ignored. Despite the use of explosives for industrial and military applications for hundreds of years, many aspects of blast injury remain poorly understood. In recent years, with the advances made in computational science and the increasing processing power available to researchers, the use of computational models as an effective tool to study blast injury has risen dramatically. These models are capable of accurately simulating blast events and reporting a vast swathe of information not available from traditional experiments. These models rely on accurate information and characterization of the geometries and material properties of the structures involved, in this case the human brain. The behaviour of the brain at high strain rates is still poorly understood, and this understanding is critical if we are to develop accurate models for blast events, which are by their very nature, high strain rate phenomena. Due to its soft nature, as well as the hazards associated with tissue handling and the lack of suitable apparatus available commercially, brain tissue is traditionally extremely difficult to characterize accurately, particularly at high strain rates relevant to both blast and impacts. In this work, a novel custom apparatus for mechanically testing soft tissue such as brain tissue was developed, prototyped and built. The apparatus offered a number of advantages over comparable apparatus available commercially or in literature, being sensitive enough to test extremely small samples of soft tissue, while being able to test at strain rates far in excess of other apparatus. The apparatus was validated against surrogate materials, including soft gels (Ecoflex) and strongly viscoelastic materials (Armourgel) and was shown to be able to accurately capture viscoelastic behaviour at high strain rates, a key property of brain tissue under impact and blast loading. The apparatus was subsequently used to characterize porcine white matter brain tissue from the corona radiata, using tensile mechanical experiments up to failure at strain rates between 15 s-1 and 250 s-1. This represents an almost threefold increase over the maximum strain rate in current literature and the widest range of strain rates investigated using a single apparatus under the same conditions. Following this, the experimental data was used to characterize a hyper-viscoelastic model for brain tissue. The hyper-viscoelastic model used in this work was the sum of a 2 term Ogden model to represent the long-term non-linear response and a convolution integral with a 6 term Prony series to represent viscoelasticity. To this end, a novel analytical approach was developed which is significantly less resource intensive than the traditional inverse finite element modelling methods. This was achieved by fitting a 6th order polynomial curve to the recorded displacement, allowing stretch to be modelled analytically. The hyper-viscoelastic model was solved analytically providing a closed form relationship between the 1st Piola-Kirchoff stress, stretch and rate of stretch. Using these methods, a set of viscoelastic properties, namely the constants of the Prony series representing the relaxation modulus, were extracted for the corona radiata of a porcine brain. These properties, when combined with hyperelastic properties from literature, were shown to apply across the full range of strain rates investigated (15 s-1 to 250 s-1), with statistically similar values being determined for the full range of strain rates. While more work needs to be done to validate and expand upon these findings, they strongly support the use of the hyper-viscoelastic model that we have characterized in this work to represent the mechanical behaviour of brain tissue across a wide range of scenarios, up to and including blast injury. ; Open Access

This article seeks to identify and analyze the corporate risks associated with the value environment of Cargill's cocoa business. It is a qualitative study using the case study method. To obtain a systemic perspective of the phenomenon, the data was collected by interviewing executives from different areas of the company, submitting their narrative to content analysis. Thus, from the perspective of corporate risk management, it was identified that the main internal risks arise from cocoa processing, due to the high degree of complexity of the operations, and high added value of the products involved in the system. As for the external risks, the emphasis is on the relations with suppliers, as a result of the dependence of middlemen on the process of buying the raw material. It was also observed that political, legal and social aspects appear as points of attention and important sources of risk in this value system. These results contribute, therefore, to the advancement of the corporate risk literature in business environments associated with the agribusiness context, while presenting the applicability of scientific models for the identification and classification of these risks. Future studies of a longitudinal nature and contemplating the risks of the chocolate value chain in its completeness are recommended. ; Este artículo identifica y analiza los riesgos corporativos asociados al ambiente de valor del negocio de cacao de Cargill. Para ello, se adopta el enfoque cualitativo y el método de estudio de caso. Para la obtención de datos, los efectos obtener una perspectiva sistémica del fenómeno, se entrevistó a ejecutivos de diferentes áreas de la empresa y sus discursos se sometieron a la técnica de análisis de contenido. Así, bajo la perspectiva de la gestión de riesgos corporativos, se identificó que los principales riesgos internos se originan a partir de los procesos de beneficiado del cacao, debido al alto grado de complejidad de las operaciones y al alto valor agregado de los productos de ese sistema y los externos, a partir de las relaciones con sus proveedores, considerando la dependencia con los intermediarios en el proceso de compra de la materia prima. Se observó, además, que aspectos políticos, legales y sociales se presentan como puntos de atención e importantes fuentes de riesgo en este sistema de valor. Estos resultados contribuyen, por lo tanto, al avance de la literatura de riesgos corporativos en ambientes de negocio asociados al contexto del agronegocio, al mismo tiempo que presentan la aplicabilidad de modelos científicos para identificación y clasificación de esos riesgos. Se recomiendan estudios futuros de naturaleza longitudinal, y que contemplean los riesgos de la cadena de valor del chocolate en su totalidad. ; Este artigo identifica e analisa os riscos corporativos associados ao ambiente de valor do negócio de cacau da Cargill. Para isso, adota-se a abordagem qualitativa e o método de estudo de caso. Para a coleta de dados, de modo a obter uma perspectiva sistêmica do fenômeno, executivos de diferentes áreas da empresa foram entrevistados e seus discursos foram submetidos à técnica de análise de conteúdo. Assim, sob a perspectiva da gestão de riscos corporativos (GRC), identificou-se que os principais riscos internos se originam a partir dos processos de beneficiamento de cacau, devido ao elevado grau de complexidade das operações e do alto valor agregado dos produtos desse sistema e os externos a partir das relações com seus fornecedores, tendo em vista a dependência de atravessadores no processo de compra da matéria-prima. Observou-se, ainda, que aspectos políticos, legais e sociais se apresentam como pontos de atenção e importantes fontes de risco nesse sistema de valor. Tais resultados contribuem, portanto, para o avanço da literatura de riscos corporativos em ambientes de negócio associados ao contexto do agronegócio, ao mesmo tempo que apresentam a aplicabilidade de modelos científicos para a identificação e classificação desses riscos. São recomendáveis futuros estudos de natureza longitudinal e que contemplem os riscos da cadeia de valor do chocolate em sua completude.

Automatic target recognition has become a flourishing research topic in remote sensing. This problematic is of paramount importance in several military and civilian applications (security, surveillance, automobile, environment, medicine, .). In this work, we focus on the development of new methodology dedicated to the target recognition from synthetic aperture radar images (inverse or direct). In this context, the different methods proposed in the literature have several drawbacks according to the type of used data (heterogeneous, multimodal, …), the accuracy, the robustness to noise and the computation time. In this work, we aim to propose new methods for targets recognition from radar images. Thus, two different databases are considered. On the one hand, we use the ISAR (Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar) images acquired from the anechoic chamber of ENSTA Bretagne. On the other hand, we exploit the SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images of MSTAR database. To achieve the goal of the amelioration of the recognition process studied and developed, we give a special interest to the SRC (Sparse Representation-based Classification) method to recognize the radar images. This method includes also the processing and feature extraction steps to build the dictionary. In this optic, the first contribution consists on constructing a new dictionary composed by the SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) descriptors filtered by the saliency attention method. After that, this dictionary is exploited by a multitask sparse classifier to achieve the recognition step. In the second contribution, we statistically model the radar images in the complex wavelet domain. The resulting statistical parameters (univariate or multivariate) are stacked together to construct the statistical dictionary. Afterwards, this dictionary is weighted by using a similarity measure that includes the KLD (Kullbak-Leibler Divergence) between the statistical parameters. The performances of the two proposed methods have been evaluated empirically on two different databases of radar images (ISAR and SAR). ; La reconnaissance automatique de cibles est toujours une problématique d'intérêt dans différents domaines d'application (sécurité, surveillance, automobile, environnement, médecine, …). Dans le cadre du travail réalisé, nous nous sommes intéressés au développement d'une méthodologie dédiée à la reconnaissance de cibles à partir des images radar à synthèse d'ouverture (directe ou inverse). Dans ce contexte, différentes techniques développées dans la littérature souffrent de certaines lacunes selon la nature des données traitées (hétérogènes, multimodales, …), la précision, la robustesse vis-à-vis du bruit et le temps de calcul. Dans ce travail, l'objectif principal porte sur le développement d'outils pour l'aide à la reconnaissance de cibles à partir des images radar. Ainsi, deux bases de données d'images ont été considérées. D'une part des images ISAR (Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar), récoltées dans la chambre anéchoïque de l'ENSTA Bretagne. Et d'autre part des images SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) de la base de données MSTAR. Pour atteindre l'objectif d'amélioration du processus de reconnaissance étudié et développé, et en dehors des méthodes proposées au niveau du traitement et d'extraction de caractéristiques, nous nous sommes intéressés tout au long de la phase de reconnaissance à l'apport de la classification parcimonieuse des images radar. Dans ce sens, la première contribution porte sur la proposition d'un dictionnaire formé par les descripteurs SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) filtrés par la méthode de la saillance visuelle. Ensuite, en utilisant ce dictionnaire, une classification parcimonieuse multitâche est appliquée dans la phase de reconnaissance. Quant à la seconde contribution, elle intègre la modélisation statistique des images radar considérées dans le domaine des ondelettes complexe. Les paramètres statistiques résultants (univariés ou multivariés) ont été mis à profit pour construire un dictionnaire statistique. Ce dictionnaire est pondéré par la suite en utilisant une mesure de similarité qui intègre la KLD (Kullbak-Leibler Divergence) entre les paramètres statistiques. Les performances des deux contributions ont été évaluées empiriquement sur les deux bases de données distinctes d'images radar (ISAR et SAR).

The article proposes to study the impact of behavioral factors on forecasting the stock price, and presents the model of the above-mentioned forecast. The factors that are supposed to be taken into account are used as indicators of the popularity of search queries within the certain topic. Two companies (Apple and Royal Dutch Shell) were selected for research, because they have different development histories. The Glossary based on papers on this subject has been created; it consists of 67 terms of economic, social and political meaning reflecting sentiment-oriented behaviors of traders, and the criteria for search of high popularity queries have been determined. We assume that the queries characterized by high popularity index make a great impact on the dynamics of the stock price. Besides, the article addresses the issue of neural networks as upon researching we observe that they might serve as indicators of the popularity of search queries. Furthermore, we introduced the forecast for two companies from different sectors of the economy. In addition, forecasting was made with various combinations of these search queries, which were combined according to the semantic load. During the experiments it was revealed that for the information-sector company the quality of the model increased significantly due to the inclusion of behavioral factors, while for the processing-sector company the data did not significantly improve the forecast. This follows from the specificity of the study. The results can indicate the adequacy of the constructed models and confirm the feasibility of using the popularity indicators of search queries for forecasting the stock price. ; В статье предложена модель прогнозирования курса акций с учетом поведенческих факторов, в качестве которых использованы показатели популярности поисковых запросов заданной тематики, полученные с помощью инструмента Google Trends. Для исследования были выбраны две компании с разной историей развития:Apple и Royal Dutch Shell. На основе исследований, посвященных поведенческим финансам, сформирован словарь из 67 слов экономического, социального и политического характера, отражающих настроения трейдеров, и выявлены те поисковые запросы, показатель популярности которых в наибольшей степени влияет на динамику курса акций. С использованием нейронных сетей, на вход которых, кроме прочего, подавались показатели популярности поисковых запросов, проведено прогнозирование курса для двух компаний из разных секторов экономики. Также было осуществлено прогнозирование с различными комбинациями этих поисковых запросов, которые были объединены по смысловой нагрузке. Для построения нейронных сетей использовали приложение Neural Network Toolbox программного пакета MathLab. Проведенные экспериментальные исследования с разной архитектурой нейронных сетей, были использованы трехслойные и двухслойные нейронные сети. В ходе экспериментирования выявлено, что для компании информационного сектора качество модели существенно возросло за счет включение поведенческих факторов, в то время как для компании перерабатывающего сектора значительного улучшения прогноза не наблюдалось. Что, впрочем, естественным образом следует из специфики исследования. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют об адекватности построенных моделей и подтверждают целесообразность использования показателей популярности поисковых запросов для прогнозирования курса акций. ; У статті запропонована модель прогнозування курсу акцій з урахуванням поведінкових факторів, в якості яких використані показники популярності пошукових запитів заданої тематики, отримані за допомогою інструменту Google Trends. Для дослідження було обрано дві компанії з різною історією розвитку: Apple та Royal Dutch Shell. На основі досліджень, присвячених поведінковим фінансів, сформований словник з 67 слів економічного, соціального і політичного характеру, що відображають настрої трейдерів, та виявлено ті пошукові запити, показник популярності яких найбільшою мірою впливає на динаміку курсу акцій. З використанням нейронних мереж, на вхід яких, крім іншого, подавалися показники популярності пошукових запитів, проведено прогнозування курсу для двох компаній з різних секторів економіки. Також було здійснено прогнозування з різними комбінаціями цих пошукових запитів, які були об'єднані за смисловим навантаженням. Для побудови нейронних мереж використовували додаток Neural Network Toolbox програмного пакету MathLab. Проведені експериментальні дослідження з різною архітектурою нейронних мереж, були використані тришарові та двошарові нейронні мережі. В ході проведення експерименту виявлено, що для компанії інформаційного сектора якість моделі істотно зросла за рахунок включення поведінкових факторів, в той час як для компанії переробного сектора значного поліпшення прогнозу не спостерігалося. Що, втім, природним чином випливає зі специфіки дослідження. Отримані результати свідчать про адекватність побудованих моделей і підтверджують доцільність використання показників популярності пошукових запитів для прогнозування курсу акцій.

The aim of this work is to apply the concept of observatory in educational system as a tool for decision support based on the visualization of information. For this, we have developed the Dynamic Observatory applied to the Education System (ODSE) that we have applied to the Cameroonian educational system. Our descriptive approach is based on fact that to decide, one must understand, and to understand, we must observe and analyze. In one way or another, intelligence is based on the observation process. The decision comes after understanding its environment. Also, the observation is turned into knowledge with the given meaning to things and determining what to do. But the analysis and understanding of the environment differ from one individual to another; the decision is then influenced by external factors such as political pressures, cultural and / or social. This being the information we have for steering the process and the choice of solving a decision problem, we thought it important to have a tool that assists the decision maker in the decision process for making quick and safe decisions or at least minimizing the degree of uncertainty in decision chosen. This tool provides transparency in processing and clarity in the process of information collection. Such an observatory, it serves as an instrument for monitoring and control through which the decision-maker observes, analyzes and orients its decision based on the behavior of one or more indicators. The result returned is in a visual form to generate indicators from the mass of data available to the decision maker. Our work has been guided by the concept of competitive intelligence that provides a methodology for implementing a rational process through the use of information and it is based on the approaches of "satisfactory" choice and rational decision process from the work of Falque and Bougon. ; L'objectif de ce travail est d'appliquer le concept d'observatoire à un système éducatif comme outil d'aide à la décision basé sur la visualisation de l'information. Pour cela, nous avons développé l'Observatoire Dynamique appliqué au Système Éducatif (ODSE) que nous avons appliqué au système éducatif camerounais.Notre démarche descriptive part du fait que pour décider, il faut comprendre et pour comprendre, il faut observer et analyser. D'une manière ou d'une autre, l'intelligence repose sur le processus d'observation. La prise de décision intervient alors après la compréhension de son environnement. Aussi, l'observation se transforme-t-elle en connaissances avec le sens donné aux choses et la détermination de ce qu'il faut faire. Or l'analyse et la compréhension de l'environnement diffèrent d'un individu à autre ; la prise de décision est alors influencée par des facteurs externes telles les pressions politiques, culturelles et/ou sociales. Sachant que c'est l'information dont on dispose orientant le processus et le choix de la résolution d'un problème décisionnel, nous avons pensé qu'il est important de disposer d'un outil qui éclaire le décideur dans le processus décisionnel pour une prise de position rapide et sans risque ou tout au moins en minimisant la part d'incertitude dans la prise de décision. Cet outil offrant la transparence dans le traitement, la clarté dans le processus de collecte et la communication de l'information et la précision dans la prise de décision qui est basée sur des informations fiables. Tel un observatoire, il sert d'instrument de veille et de pilotage à travers lequel, le décideur observe, analyse et oriente sa décision en fonction du comportement d'un ou de plusieurs indicateurs. Le résultat restitué sous une forme visuelle permet de générer des indicateurs à partir de la masse de données dont dispose le décideur.Notre travail a été guidé par le concept d'intelligence économique qui offre une méthodologie de mise en œuvre d'un processus rationnel par l'utilisation de l'information et il se situe au niveau des approches du choix satisfaisant et du processus rationnel de décision exposés par Falque et Bougon.

The aim of this work is to apply the concept of observatory in educational system as a tool for decision support based on the visualization of information. For this, we have developed the Dynamic Observatory applied to the Education System (ODSE) that we have applied to the Cameroonian educational system. Our descriptive approach is based on fact that to decide, one must understand, and to understand, we must observe and analyze. In one way or another, intelligence is based on the observation process. The decision comes after understanding its environment. Also, the observation is turned into knowledge with the given meaning to things and determining what to do. But the analysis and understanding of the environment differ from one individual to another; the decision is then influenced by external factors such as political pressures, cultural and / or social. This being the information we have for steering the process and the choice of solving a decision problem, we thought it important to have a tool that assists the decision maker in the decision process for making quick and safe decisions or at least minimizing the degree of uncertainty in decision chosen. This tool provides transparency in processing and clarity in the process of information collection. Such an observatory, it serves as an instrument for monitoring and control through which the decision-maker observes, analyzes and orients its decision based on the behavior of one or more indicators. The result returned is in a visual form to generate indicators from the mass of data available to the decision maker. Our work has been guided by the concept of competitive intelligence that provides a methodology for implementing a rational process through the use of information and it is based on the approaches of "satisfactory" choice and rational decision process from the work of Falque and Bougon. ; L'objectif de ce travail est d'appliquer le concept d'observatoire à un système éducatif comme outil d'aide à la décision basé sur la visualisation de l'information. Pour cela, nous avons développé l'Observatoire Dynamique appliqué au Système Éducatif (ODSE) que nous avons appliqué au système éducatif camerounais.Notre démarche descriptive part du fait que pour décider, il faut comprendre et pour comprendre, il faut observer et analyser. D'une manière ou d'une autre, l'intelligence repose sur le processus d'observation. La prise de décision intervient alors après la compréhension de son environnement. Aussi, l'observation se transforme-t-elle en connaissances avec le sens donné aux choses et la détermination de ce qu'il faut faire. Or l'analyse et la compréhension de l'environnement diffèrent d'un individu à autre ; la prise de décision est alors influencée par des facteurs externes telles les pressions politiques, culturelles et/ou sociales. Sachant que c'est l'information dont on dispose orientant le processus et le choix de la résolution d'un problème décisionnel, nous avons pensé qu'il est important de disposer d'un outil qui éclaire le décideur dans le processus décisionnel pour une prise de position rapide et sans risque ou tout au moins en minimisant la part d'incertitude dans la prise de décision. Cet outil offrant la transparence dans le traitement, la clarté dans le processus de collecte et la communication de l'information et la précision dans la prise de décision qui est basée sur des informations fiables. Tel un observatoire, il sert d'instrument de veille et de pilotage à travers lequel, le décideur observe, analyse et oriente sa décision en fonction du comportement d'un ou de plusieurs indicateurs. Le résultat restitué sous une forme visuelle permet de générer des indicateurs à partir de la masse de données dont dispose le décideur.Notre travail a été guidé par le concept d'intelligence économique qui offre une méthodologie de mise en œuvre d'un processus rationnel par l'utilisation de l'information et il se situe au niveau des approches du choix satisfaisant et du processus rationnel de décision exposés par Falque et Bougon.

The aim of this work is to apply the concept of observatory in educational system as a tool for decision support based on the visualization of information. For this, we have developed the Dynamic Observatory applied to the Education System (ODSE) that we have applied to the Cameroonian educational system. Our descriptive approach is based on fact that to decide, one must understand, and to understand, we must observe and analyze. In one way or another, intelligence is based on the observation process. The decision comes after understanding its environment. Also, the observation is turned into knowledge with the given meaning to things and determining what to do. But the analysis and understanding of the environment differ from one individual to another; the decision is then influenced by external factors such as political pressures, cultural and / or social. This being the information we have for steering the process and the choice of solving a decision problem, we thought it important to have a tool that assists the decision maker in the decision process for making quick and safe decisions or at least minimizing the degree of uncertainty in decision chosen. This tool provides transparency in processing and clarity in the process of information collection. Such an observatory, it serves as an instrument for monitoring and control through which the decision-maker observes, analyzes and orients its decision based on the behavior of one or more indicators. The result returned is in a visual form to generate indicators from the mass of data available to the decision maker. Our work has been guided by the concept of competitive intelligence that provides a methodology for implementing a rational process through the use of information and it is based on the approaches of "satisfactory" choice and rational decision process from the work of Falque and Bougon. ; L'objectif de ce travail est d'appliquer le concept d'observatoire à un système éducatif comme outil d'aide à la décision basé sur la visualisation de l'information. Pour cela, nous avons développé l'Observatoire Dynamique appliqué au Système Éducatif (ODSE) que nous avons appliqué au système éducatif camerounais.Notre démarche descriptive part du fait que pour décider, il faut comprendre et pour comprendre, il faut observer et analyser. D'une manière ou d'une autre, l'intelligence repose sur le processus d'observation. La prise de décision intervient alors après la compréhension de son environnement. Aussi, l'observation se transforme-t-elle en connaissances avec le sens donné aux choses et la détermination de ce qu'il faut faire. Or l'analyse et la compréhension de l'environnement diffèrent d'un individu à autre ; la prise de décision est alors influencée par des facteurs externes telles les pressions politiques, culturelles et/ou sociales. Sachant que c'est l'information dont on dispose orientant le processus et le choix de la résolution d'un problème décisionnel, nous avons pensé qu'il est important de disposer d'un outil qui éclaire le décideur dans le processus décisionnel pour une prise de position rapide et sans risque ou tout au moins en minimisant la part d'incertitude dans la prise de décision. Cet outil offrant la transparence dans le traitement, la clarté dans le processus de collecte et la communication de l'information et la précision dans la prise de décision qui est basée sur des informations fiables. Tel un observatoire, il sert d'instrument de veille et de pilotage à travers lequel, le décideur observe, analyse et oriente sa décision en fonction du comportement d'un ou de plusieurs indicateurs. Le résultat restitué sous une forme visuelle permet de générer des indicateurs à partir de la masse de données dont dispose le décideur.Notre travail a été guidé par le concept d'intelligence économique qui offre une méthodologie de mise en œuvre d'un processus rationnel par l'utilisation de l'information et il se situe au niveau des approches du choix satisfaisant et du processus rationnel de décision exposés par Falque et Bougon.