Suchergebnisse

Fiscal mimicking and yardstick competition among neighboring jurisdictions have been widely documented in developed countries with long histories of democracy. However, there is very little empirical evidence concerning these practices in developing countries with young democracies. Using a primary panel of 86 rural Chinese administrative villages that have undergone transitions to democracy over the last two decades, we show that the neighborhood effect also exists in a young democracy, albeit at a lower magnitude than in a mature democracy. Elected chairs of village committees who have served more than one term respond positively to the provision of public projects in neighboring villages by increasing both the number of public projects and the funding allocated to undertake them. In contrast, appointed party secretaries with more than one year of service are insensitive to neighbors' performance. In addition, village leaders are strategic in timing the arrival of public projects to increase the probability of re-election: In the year preceding elections, both the number and budget of public projects increase significantly. In this sense, politicians in young and old democracies behave alike. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; GRP32 ; DSGD

AbstractHaving a secure, safe and affordable home is an essential element in the experience of a 'good enough' childhood. This is not available to a large and growing number of children and parents in the UK because of a structural housing crisis affecting the availability, quality, affordability and regulation of accommodation. There is a clear body of evidence which demonstrates the negative effects of poor housing and homelessness on children's health and development. A much smaller body of work implicates housing policies and conditions in child abuse and neglect, but there is a profound lack of good quality data or research about the role which housing and homelessness play in shaping demand for social care in the UK. This article reviews the available evidence, identifying limitations and gaps. Its aim is to open up policy and practice conversations about the increasing significance of housing and homelessness as a critical issue for children's social care in the UK whilst making the case for an urgent research agenda.

Être étudiant dans une filière d'élite implique-t-il de développer un rapport éthique au monde social ? À partir d'une enquête comparée sur les représentations du monde social chez les étudiants de Sciences Po Paris et de l'Université d'Oxford, le présent article vise à éclairer les systèmes de justification mis en œuvre par les étudiants scolarisés dans ces établissements. L'analyse met au jour l'émergence d'un principe de légitimation des inégalités sociales alternatif au mérite : celui de la responsabilité, qui permet aux élèves de résoudre la tension entre les privilèges exorbitants dont ils bénéficient et le constat d'inégalités sociales et scolaires accrues. Toutefois, alors que l'on s'attendait à ce que ce sens de la responsabilité soit tourné vers l'institution, il apparaît avant tout tourné vers le « self », c'est-à-dire vers le développement et l'épanouissement personnel de l'individu. C'est particulièrement le cas des étudiants d'Oxford, pour qui la légitimité collective dans un contexte caractérisé par des fortes inégalités sociales tient à la morale de chacun. Par ailleurs, le discours des étudiants atteste, notamment en France, de la prégnance d'un discours de la responsabilité à l'égard de la société, qui joue à la fois comme justification et comme signal distinctif. De ce point de vue, l'analyse du principe de responsabilité atteste de la pertinence des analyses sur l'importance de la dimension morale dans les processus de construction de la distinction sociale.

This article presents interim findings and reflections from a case study of multiply excluded homeless people in Stoke-on-Trent. The article focuses on the experiences reported by a group of twelve such people living in the YMCA hostel. From the interviews, a large number of thematic structures were identified, of which only a few are outlined here, due to restrictions on the article length. The article concludes that the YMCA has had an important impact on their lives, mostly for the better, but the nature of this impact is complex and far from being fully understood.