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National audience ; Originally, the development cooperation action of the European Union was influenced by the particularities of the integration process within the Community. This action has since evolved in order to function within a broader international environment. Accordingly, achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), established by the United Nations, is clearly a key element of the European Union cooperation policy. Consequently, the European Union has endeavoured to harmonise its policies with those Goals. However, concerning the funding of the MDG in particular, the action of the European Union has yet to be coordinated with the national development policies of the Member States. Moreover, the European Union promotes greater participation of developing countries in international trade. Consequently, the European Union had to adapt itself to the requirements of the World Trade Organisation, whilst at the same time preserving its specificity. Therefore, it has chosen to pursue greater regionalism, consistent with WTO Law, rather than pure multilateralism, as reflected by the Cotonou Agreement and the progressive adoption of economic partnership agreements. ; L'action de l'Union européenne en matière de coopération au développement témoignait à l'origine de certaines spécificités propres à l'intégration communautaire. Elle a dû évoluer pour s'intégrer dans un environnement international. Ainsi, l'Union européenne a clairement inscrit la réalisation des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement (OMD), fixés par l'Organisation des Nations Unies, au cœur de sa politique de coopération et elle a cherché à mettre en cohérence ses différentes politiques avec ces ceux-ci. Cependant, en matière de financement des OMD notamment, ses actions ne sont pas toujours coordonnées avec les politiques nationales de développement des différents Etats membres.L'Union européenne soutient également une plus grande participation des pays en développement aux échanges commerciaux internationaux. Dans cette demarche, ...

National audience ; Originally, the development cooperation action of the European Union was influenced by the particularities of the integration process within the Community. This action has since evolved in order to function within a broader international environment. Accordingly, achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), established by the United Nations, is clearly a key element of the European Union cooperation policy. Consequently, the European Union has endeavoured to harmonise its policies with those Goals. However, concerning the funding of the MDG in particular, the action of the European Union has yet to be coordinated with the national development policies of the Member States. Moreover, the European Union promotes greater participation of developing countries in international trade. Consequently, the European Union had to adapt itself to the requirements of the World Trade Organisation, whilst at the same time preserving its specificity. Therefore, it has chosen to pursue greater regionalism, consistent with WTO Law, rather than pure multilateralism, as reflected by the Cotonou Agreement and the progressive adoption of economic partnership agreements. ; L'action de l'Union européenne en matière de coopération au développement témoignait à l'origine de certaines spécificités propres à l'intégration communautaire. Elle a dû évoluer pour s'intégrer dans un environnement international. Ainsi, l'Union européenne a clairement inscrit la réalisation des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement (OMD), fixés par l'Organisation des Nations Unies, au cœur de sa politique de coopération et elle a cherché à mettre en cohérence ses différentes politiques avec ces ceux-ci. Cependant, en matière de financement des OMD notamment, ses actions ne sont pas toujours coordonnées avec les politiques nationales de développement des différents Etats membres.L'Union européenne soutient également une plus grande participation des pays en développement aux échanges commerciaux internationaux. Dans cette demarche, ...

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Abbreviations -- Contents -- About the Contributors -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Part I: Theoreties, Protocols, and Policy Framework -- Chapter 1: Evaluation of the Narrative Paradigm and Knowledge Gap Theories in Interrogating Human Trafficking in the Nigerian Context -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 The Concern -- 1.1.2 Study Focus -- 1.2 Empirical Evidence -- 1.3 Theoretical Bench -- 1.4 Methodology -- 1.5 Findings -- 1.5.1 Descriptive Analysis Output (Tables 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10, and 1.11) -- 1.6 Discussion of Findings -- 1.7 Conclusion -- 1.7.1 Recommendation(s) -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Extending the International Criminal Court's Jurisdiction to Corporate Entities: An African Perspective -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Jurisprudence on Corporate International Criminal Culpability -- 2.3 Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court -- 2.3.1 The Object and Purpose of the Rome Statute -- 2.3.1.1 The Principle of Complementarity -- 2.4 The Position by Other International Judicial Bodies on Corporate Criminal Liability -- 2.5 Making the Case Against Corporate Entities in Africa for International Crimes Within the Jurisdiction of the ICC -- 2.5.1 The Situation in the Three African Countries -- 2.6 The Scope of Enslavement as Per the Rome Statute -- 2.6.1 Definition of Forced Labour -- 2.6.1.1 The Culpability of the Corporate Entities Under Article 25 of the Rome Statute -- 2.7 Assessing the Acts of the Corporate Entities Against the Requirements Under the Chapeau Elements of Crimes Against Humanity as Per the Rome Statute -- 2.8 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3: Do International Legal Instruments Curb Human Trafficking or Exacerbate the Problem?: African States and the European Union-An Examination of the Lomé and Cotonou Agreements.

Секция 1. Современные международные отношения и внешняя политика Республики Беларусь ; Данная статья посвящена исследованию концептуальных основ и механизма реализации политики развития Европейского союза. В статье рассматриваются основные документы политики развития, представлены компетенции институтов ЕС и стран-членов. На основе изучения этапов политики развития делается вывод о том, что эта сфера внешних действий ЕС претерпела значительные изменения, начиная с 2000 г. с принятием Соглашения Котону. На современном этапе уделяется большое внимание координации действий институтов ЕС и стран-членов в проведение этой политики. Кроме того, на политику развития значительное влияние оказывают глобальные тренды в этой области. В частности, Европейский консенсус по развитию 2017 г. увязывает политику развития ЕС с Повесткой дня ООН в области устойчивого развития на период до 2030 г. ; This article examines the conceptual basis and the implementation mechanism of the European Union's development policy. The article studies the main documents of development policy, presents the competencies of EU institutions and member countries. Based on the study of the stages of development policy, it is concluded that this area of the EU's external actions has undergone significant changes since 2000 with the adoption of the Cotonou Agreement. At the present stage, much attention is paid to the coordination of the activities of EU institutions and member countries in the implementation of this policy. In addition, global trends in this area have a significant impact on development policies. In particular, the European Development Consensus, adopted in 2017, links the EU's development policy with the UN's Agenda for Sustainable Development until 2030.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Acronyms -- List of Figures -- Chapter 1: Introduction: A Masterclass in Dealing with Passive Aggressive Behaviour -- A Book Is Born -- What to Expect in This Book -- References -- Chapter 2: Empires of the Mind -- Thought, Word, and Deed: A Parody of Misconceptions About Africa -- Africa and the New World: A Hidden History -- Restoring African Agency: The Relationship Between Culture, Freedom, and Colonial Domination -- The Language of Development -- References -- Chapter 3: The Disappointing Discussion About Aid Effectiveness -- Fruit of the Poisoned Tree: A Brief Account of Aid and Charity in Africa -- Charitable Shift: A Double-Edged Sword -- Mind the Gap: The Compensation Debate -- Getting Beyond 'Good Governance' and Why That Matters -- References -- Chapter 4: Comparative Advantage Is an Old-Fashioned Trick -- An Interplay Between Commerce and Conquest -- The Dutch Disease -- The Challenges of Capital Flight -- The Yoke of the Global Value Chain -- Inherent Power Disparity -- Historical and Cultural Interlacement -- The Persistent Legacy of Colonial Discourse -- A Different Path: Lessons from Asia and Ireland -- Towards a Fairer Trade System -- References -- Chapter 5: Lost Decades or Blessing? -- A Narrative of Extraction and Foreign Interference -- Late Colonialism Is Not that Old -- Structural Adjustment: New Face, Same Old Ideas -- Persistent Poverty and Widening Inequality -- Stagnant Industrial Diversification -- Erosion of Food Security -- Escalating Debt Burdens -- Social Interest and Political Turmoil -- Good Wishes Are Hardly Convincing -- The Setting of Universal Goals Inaugurates a New Millennium -- References -- Chapter 6: The Good Samaritans Lose Their Way -- A History of Asymmetry -- The End of an Era: Cotonou Agreements Expire While the World Enters a Lockdown.

The Economic Partnership Agreement between the East African Community (EAC) and the European Union (EU) is of particular importance for the Kenyan floriculture sector. While the other EAC Partner States remain reluctant to ratify this agreement, they allowed the Republic of Kenya to start its implementation under the principle of variable geometry in June 2021. Kenya and the EU then started a strategic dialogue in which they pledged to strengthen their cooperation on human rights issues. This article identifies two priorities for floriculture workers: Kenya's ratification of the core labour rights Convention No. 87 on the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise and the broadening of an enabling space for an active, organised and transparent civil society.

En los actuales debates sobre el camino hacia el desarrollo en el continente africano, se reproduce en gran medida la vieja discusión entre los teóricos del desarrollo sobre la dicotomía entre modelos extravertidos y autocentrados. Por otro lado, las notables transformaciones económicas y políticas a nivel internacional y continental acaecidas en los últimos años han conducido a un escenario significativamente distinto. Es en este marco en el que debe analizarse el surgimiento de nuevas iniciativas, como el Acuerdo de Cotonú y el NEPAD. A partir de las implicaciones que estas novedades pueden suponer para los procesos de integración regional en África, en este trabajo se pretende analizar la vigencia del viejo debate entre modelos de desarrollo extravertido vs. autocentrado, y contribuir a la discusión sobre los pros y contras de las nuevas iniciativas para la promoción del desarrollo en el continente. ________________________________________The ongoing debates about development paths on the African continent reproduce the same old discussion among development theoreticians, as to the dichotomy between outward-oriented and self-reliant models. Concurrently, in recent years África has witnessed dramatic economic and political transformations, at the both International and continental levels, leading to a significantly different scenario. It is within this framework that new initiatives, such as the Cotonou Agreement and the NEPAD, should be analysed. Taking into account the implications of this new scenario and these projects to African regional integration processes, in this paper we attempt to analyse the preeminence of the same old debate between outward-oriented and self-reliant models, and so contribute to the discussion on the pros and cons of these new initiatives for the promotion of development in the continent.

Onder die Afrika menseregtebestel is die reg op ontwikkeling bindend. Artikel 22 van die Afrika Handves oor Mense- en Volkeregte (Afrika handves) dring die plig om 'die uitoefening van die reg op ontwikkeling te verseker' op aan die Afrika state. Tog bly Afrika in werklikheid onderontwikkeld. Tot op hede het die meeste Afrika-lande ooreenkomste gesluit rakende 'n ekonomiese samewerkingsooreenkoms (EPA) met die Europese Unie (EU), terwyl ander nog in 'n onderhandelingsfase is. Hierdie artikel ondersoek die potensiële uitwerking van die EPA's tussen Afrika en die EU ten opsigte van die beskerming van menseregte en, in besonder, die verwesenliking van die reg op ontwikkeling in Afrika. Hierdie artikel poog om te bewys dat die bepalings van artikel 36(1) van die Cotonou Ooreenkoms, wat van Afrika state vereis om 'n vryehandelgebied met die EU te vestig en, sodoende, hulle plaaslike markte te open vir die invoer van meeste van hulle produkte vanaf die EU, die mense van Afrika van hulle reg op ontwikkeling sal ontneem. ; http://www.dejure.up.ac.za ; am2018 ; Centre for Human Rights

Cover -- Contents -- List of Illustrative Material -- Preface -- Authors' Notes -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Overview -- Institutional and external contexts -- The focus of this book -- 1 Theories and Concepts -- The changing vision of development -- Development and integration theory -- Where is the developing world? -- 2 The ACP: From Yaoundé to Cotonou -- The Yaoundé Conventions -- The Lomé Conventions: I and II (1976-85) -- The Lomé Conventions: III and IV (1985-2000) -- The 1996-2000 Reform Process -- Conclusion -- 3 Parallel Paradigms: Cotonou, Economic Partnership Agreements and Everything But Arms -- Negotiating Cotonou -- Implementing Cotonou -- Economic Partnership Agreements -- Everything But Arms -- Conclusion -- 4 The Changing Institutional Setting: Policy-Making, Commission Reforms, ECHO, EuropeAid and the EEAS -- Decision-taking in EU development policy -- Reforming development: from Santer to Barroso -- ECHO -- EuropeAid -- Lisbon Treaty reforms and development -- Conclusion -- 5 Latin America: Exporting Regionalism -- Early relations -- The aid dimension -- Conclusion -- 6 Asia: From Development to Dialogue -- Asia: beginning a dialogue -- The Association of Southeast Asian Nations -- The Asia-Europe Meeting -- The aid dimension -- Conclusion -- 7 Complementarity and Conditionality -- Complementarity -- Conditionality: good governance, democracy, human rights and the rule of law -- Economic conditionality: liberalization, structural adjustment and debt -- Implementing conditionality -- Conclusion -- 8 The EU and the Global Governance Development Agenda -- Official Development Assistance -- Prioritizing Africa -- MDGs: from consensus to momentum -- Conclusion -- 9 Conclusion: Themes and Future Directions -- Bibliography -- Index.

The use of sanctions is not a new phenomenon in the discipline of International relations. However, with the disappearance of the Cold War, Western countries increasingly started to adopt sanctions as the means to attain their foreign policy interests. The main objective of this research is to examine the sanctions imposed on Zimbabwe by the European Union (EU) and the United States of America (USA) in the context of international law. The USA crafted its first batch of sanctions on Zimbabwe in 2001 through the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act (ZIDERA) and the Presidential Executive Order, which derives its legal basis from the USA statutory instrument (International Economic Emergency Powers Act (IEEPA) in 2003. On the other hand, the EU introduced sanctions on Zimbabwe utilising the Cotonou Agreement as its legal basis. In addition, the EU used the Treaty of European Union, which advocates for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). Therefore, the focus of this research lies on highlighting the legitimacy of such sanctions on Zimbabwe, which is a member of the United Nations (UN), and yet the UN did not take any sanction measures to address such grievances as laid down by the EU and the USA. The thesis argued that unilateral sanctions imposed on Zimbabwe are illegitimate based on the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of another state, equality of sovereign states and the International Law Commission on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Act. The sanctions are negatively affecting Zimbabwe to carry out its duties and obligations as a sovereign state. On the same note, International Law Commission drafts are regarded as non-binding in international law. ; Uluslararası ilişkiler disiplininde yaptırımların kullanılması yeni bir olgu değildir. Fakat Soğuk Savaş'ın sona ermesiyle birlikte Batılı ülkeler, dış politikada ulusal çıkarlarına ulaşmak için yaptırımları giderek daha fazla benimsemeye başlamıştır. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı Avrupa Birliğı (AB) ...