Suchergebnisse

A positive COVID-19 infection may impact physical, mental, and social health. Different factors may influence these impacts on different levels due to personal circumstances. This study aimed to explore the impact of a positive COVID-19 diagnosis on the physical,mental, social, psychological health, and lifestyle practices of an individual in the United Arab Emirates. A sample of 28 participants was interviewed using online interviews. An interview guide was created based on the coping strategy model and conceptual framework of coping strategies. All interviews were recorded; then transcribed after obtaining written consent from participants. The NVivo software was used for thematic analysis based on both identified coping models. Major themes included the physical effects, social effects, psychological effects, spiritual effects, and lifestyle effects. Emerging themes include coping mechanisms, trust in authorities and the health care system, appreciation of the role of the government, conspiracy theories, and media roles. This study indicates that people diagnosed with COVID-19 have perceived very good support in terms of their physical health from the government and health authorities, but require social, psychological, and educational support during the infection period and post-recovery.

From social media to banking and healthcare, online services increasingly pervade the everyday lives of American consumers. Currently, there is no comprehensive federal regulation to ensure personal data privacy and protection, and consumers have no ownership rights over their personal data. There are various information and sector specific privacy laws, enforced by multiple agencies with overlapping jurisdiction. Moreover, without a principal federal law, many states have developed their own data privacy regulations. Not only is this collective scheme ineffective for American consumers, but it is also an inefficient form of government regulation and makes compliance difficult. This Note proposes creating the Consumer Data Privacy and Protection Bureau, an independent agency that would consolidate jurisdiction for efficient and effective regulation through a consumer protection framework. It would be created through a new law, the Data Privacy and Protection Act. In addition to creating the Consumer Data Privacy and Protection Bureau, this baseline, comprehensive federal legislation would provide basic data rights to consumers, and ease compliance for companies in the United States and abroad. With bipartisan support and an increasingly digital society, this type of reform is realistic, necessary, and timely.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa hegemoni elita agama (kyai) dalam pemilihan walikota (pilwali) Pasuruan 2020 . Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis analisis hegemomi dari Antonio Gramsci. Selain menggunakan data sekunder seperti informasi tertulis di media online, jurnal dan buku, studi menggunakan data primer melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap 4 informan-yang berasal dari beberapa unsur- Pengurus NU Kota Pasuruan, Pengurus Muhammadiyah Kota Pasuruan, Santri dan tokoh masyarakat. Penelitian ini berpendapat elit agama (kyai) mempunyai pengaruh politik dalam pemilihan walikota (pilwali) Pasuruan 2020. Pengaruhnya dapat terbukti dengan adanya Saifullah Yusuf (Gus Ipul) dan Adi Wibowo, pasangan yang didukung oleh kyai, menjadi pemenang dalam pilwali 2020 di Kota Pasuruan. Keberhasilan menjadikan Saifullah Yusuf (Gus Ipul) dan Adi Wibowo memenangkan kontestasi pilwali tidak bisa dilepaskan dari kemampuan para kyai melakukan hegemoni kepada masyarakat dan santri agar memilih pasangan tersebut. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa elit agama (kyai) dapat melakukan hegemoni , karena pengetahuan agama yang dimilikinya. Hegemoninya menjadi lebih kuat, karena keterlibatan kyai untuk menyelesaikan persoalan warga, serta adanya integritas moralnya serta karisma yang dimiliki kyai.

This study aims to analyze the Digital Promotion of Local Tourist Destinations in the New Normal Era and Its Effect on the Economy in Indonesia. The research uses a case study method and data collection through in-depth interviews and online observations. Informants were determined by purposive sampling technique consisting of the government, the community, and tourism communication experts. The results show that the promotion objective is to maximize tourism potential and economic recovery through the tourism sector. Marketing targets include mapping four perspectives. Design messages and media containing travel invitations using health protocols (maintaining distance, wearing masks, washing hands, limiting interactions, staying away from crowds) and messages with CHSE standards (Cleanliness, Health, Safety and Environment Sustainability). Promotional mix carried out by advertising and Public Relations. The evaluation includes the evaluation of health protocols through focus group discussions. In conclusion, the digital promotion of local tourist destinations has been maximal but flexible by looking at every development of the pandemic condition—the impact of this research for policy considerations to revive the tourism industry and the economy.

The presidency of Donald Trump saw the rise of a new kind of conspiracy in QAnon. The internet-assembled meta-conspiracy has grown to include elements of other growing conspiracies such as the anti-mask movement and anti-vaxxers. As it has grown, QAnon has attracted significant support for its beliefs from white evangelicals who also supported Trump in huge numbers in both 2016 and 2020. In this integrative review of literature, I explore the reasons that QAnon has performed so well so quickly, finding justification for conspiracy theory support among evangelicals in the theory of cognitive dissonance. QAnon has found a foothold in evangelical circles during worldwide pandemic, which has left many evangelicals unmoored from their spiritual family and susceptible to other realms of community online. The conspiracy theory has infiltrated evangelicalism by using the language and concerns of Christianity in its messaging and by attempting to justify evangelical support of Donald Trump. Although traditional media are quick to point out the theory's inconsistencies and failed prophecies, this paper finds that the harm QAnon has done to the evangelical community may only be undone through spiritual connection and practice.

ABSTRACTAfter many years of much-criticized opacity in the field of content moderation, social media platforms are now opening up to a dialogue with users and policymakers. Until now, liability frameworks in the United States and in the European Union (EU) have set incentives for platforms not to monitor user-generated content—an increasingly contested model that has led to (inter alia) practices and policies of noncontainment. Following discussions on platform power over online speech and how contentious content benefits the attention economy, there is an observable shift toward stricter content moderation duties in addition to more responsibility with regard to content. Nevertheless, much remains unsolved: the legitimacy of platforms' content moderation rules and decisions is still questioned. The platforms' power over the vast majority of communication in the digital sphere is still difficult to grasp because of its nature as private, yet often perceived as public. To address this issue, we use a governance structure perspective to identify potential regulatory advantages of establishing cross-platform external bodies for content moderation, ultimately aiming at providing insights about the opportunities and limitations of such a model.

Abstract
Digitalization has been changing the methods of production, distribution, and use of written and audiovisual products, according to a process of "platforming". Most audiovisual content is available via streaming platforms, through a lot of devices (PCs, tablets, smartphones, smart TVs, and videogame consoles), which have empowered the process of media convergence. Based on a theoretical framework related to the impact of the platforms on the ongoing process, we intend to analyse how platforms are changing the identity of the audiovisual industry and how they represent themselves online. In order to analyse the ongoing process, we intend to examine some platforms that could be considered as best practices in the audiovisual field: Netflix, MUBI, and Festival Scope. On the one hand, using these platforms as case studies will enable us to highlight some beneficial aspects of the ongoing process of digitalization and platforming: holding many gazes and points of view; catching market niches; building a peer-to-peer network. On the other hand, we intend to emphasize some risks connected to the intermediation of platforms in the audiovisual field in terms of economic, cultural, and social effects.

Abstract
COVID-19 in Tanzania was both a health and religious puzzle. The government insisted all citizens regardless of their religious affiliations to join hands in fighting the disease through prayers and by adherence to the health measures. Muslims in Tanzania complied with the disease control measures instituted by the government. These measures in turn affected their prayers and fasting rituals. In this context, Muslims turned to religious texts and scholarly interpretations to seek for guidance and clarification (fatwa) on how to practice Islam under COVID-19 situation. Consequently, this shaped Muslims' perceptions and responses towards the pandemic. This article analyses challenges of COVID-19 to Muslim rituals and the role of religion in shaping their responses during the first four months of the onset of COVID-19 in Tanzania. The article uses online publications, religious teaching provided through social media, interviews and personal observation in Dar es Salaam and Kilimanjaro regions. The article argues that the role played by Islamic religion in understanding COVID-19 pandemic justifies the importance of involving faith-based communities in solving health related problems.

Digital trace data have the potential to offer rich insight into complex behaviors that were once out of reach, but their use has raised vital and unresolved questions about what is—or is not—public opinion. Building on the work of James Bryce, Lindsay Rogers, Herbert Blumer, Paul Lazarsfeld, and more, this essay revisits the discipline's historical roots and draws parallels between past theory and present practice. Today, scholars treat public opinion as the summation of individual attitudes, weighted equally and expressed anonymously at static points in time through polls, yet prior to the advent of survey research, it was conceived as something intrinsically social and dynamic. In an era dominated by online discussion boards and social media platforms, the insights of this earlier "classical tradition" offer two pathways forward. First, for those who criticize computational social science as poorly theorized, it provides a strong justification for the work that data scientists do in text mining and sentiment analysis. And second, it offers clues for how emerging technologies might be leveraged effectively for the study of public opinion in the future.

AbstractNationalism today interacts in complicated ways with advanced information and communication systems, regularly leading to unanticipated consequences. Popular online nationalism in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is a case in point: In the PRC, digital nationalism has become a central feature of political discourse and decision‐making, at times powerfully shaping the state's policy efforts. This article explores a missing puzzle piece in how state‐led and popular nationalism interact in Chinese politics: the role that advanced information and communication technologies play in such processes. This is a question that is not only relevant to scholars of China but also to anyone interested in the role that digital media and communication play in the formation and spread of contemporary nationalism. How do interactions in complex sociotechnical systems affect nationalism today? To answer this question, the article analyses and traces interaction and feedback loops in Chinese digital environments during Sino‐Japanese disputes over the East China Sea. It shows how the interactions between humans, organisations and technologies create unexpected variations in outcome that resonate through China's internet and create the conditions from which digital nationalism can powerfully emerge to shape legitimation and policy‐making processes.

Many blame partisan news media for polarization in America. This paper examines the effects of liberal, conservative, and centrist news on affective and attitude polarization. To this end, we rely on two studies that combine two-wave panel surveys (N1 = 303, N2 = 904) with twelve months worth of web browsing data submitted by the same participants comprising roughly thirty-eight million visits. We identify news exposure using an extensive list of news domains and develop a machine learning classifier to identify exposure to political news within these domains. The results offer a robust pattern of null findings. Exposure to partisan and centrist news websites—no matter if it is congenial or crosscutting—does not enhance polarization. These null effects also emerge among strong and weak partisans as well as Democrats and Republicans alike. We argue that these null results accurately portray the reality of limited effects of news in the "real world." Politics and partisan news account for a small fraction of citizens' online activities, less than 2 percent in our trace data, and are nearly unnoticeable in the overall information and communication ecology of most individuals.

AbstractDuring an ongoing outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in Belgium, residents of the affected area took part in an online field experiment. The impact of four distinct crisis messages used by the Belgian authorities was tested on uncertainty, fear and trust. After receiving any of these messages, participants felt less insecure, less anxious and had more trust in the authorities as compared to before they saw the information. The extent of this positive impact of crisis information depended, however, on the message that was offered. Two messages offering comprehensive instructing and adjusting information appeared more effective than two messages offering only limited (predominantly adjusting) information. The use of visuals, by means of an infographic, did not seem to hinder or increase the effectiveness of the message in this particular study. Organizations and authorities responsible for managing a health crisis are recommended to actively communicate a complete overview of information about what is going on as well as specific information regarding what the public can (or cannot) do to address the matter. While visual aids may not be necessary, they can be helpful to effectively communicate a comprehensive overview of information through social media.

Media reports suggest that the tabletop roleplaying game Dungeons & Dragons saw its biggest year to date in 2020, with many such reports touting the interactive and social benefits for people facing COVID-19 lockdowns. This paper explores the reported challenges and benefits of playing D&D through teleconferencing hardware and software, and the experience of using virtual tabletops. A thematic analysis of a sample of Reddit threads discussing player experiences of transitioning D&D to remote play during COVID-19 social distancing was undertaken. The findings highlight a variety of player attitudes and preferences towards playing D&D remotely. The data suggest a mostly negative sentiment towards playing D&D online for groups that had transitioned from in-person to remote play. Loss of in-person socialisation was identified as an important contributor to a poor play experience, but groups would persevere with remote play to maintain social relationships, suggesting that, for many players, D&D serves an important social function beyond mere play. Some avenues for future research are identified.

Abstract
This cross-national study examined the mental health between those individuals working and those not working nine months post initial COVID-19 social distancing implementation. Respondents (N = 3,474) were recruited through social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter) and completed an online survey in October/November 2020. The respondents were from Norway, the UK, the USA and Australia. The mental health of those working and not working were analysed using t tests and socio-demographics were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Respondents who were working were significantly more likely to experience better mental health, were younger, report higher levels of education, and significantly less likely to worry about their own situation, health or financial situation than respondents who were not employed. Respondents who were retired reported better mental health than respondents who were not working for other reasons (laid off/dismissed, receiving benefits, studying, other). These findings raise the importance for social workers and other health service providers to monitor the overall mental health of individuals especially when social distancing protocols are in place and as countries begin to recover from the pandemic.

Digital technologies are reconfiguring organizations and their environments. Activities are increasingly distributed across fields and coordinated by data, algorithms and machines. This paper investigates data objects (objects made of data structured and aggregated under a specific template) and their role in structuring fields and field practices. It studies programmatic advertising, an automated bidding process with hundreds of participants, whereby media spaces are auctioned in real time as individual users browse online content. To work on such a large scale, programmatic advertising must standardize existing field knowledge into data and coordinate collective action through objects, algorithms and technologies. This study shows how data, data objects and their infrastructures are involved in transforming the links between institutions and practice. The makeup and functioning of data and data objects reorient existing cognitive, normative and regulative structures, constrain the rule of engagement of actors and enable field-level autonomous interaction. The datafication of knowledge and automation of practices exposed in this paper call for a thorough rethinking of existing approaches to the concepts of organizations and fields.