Suchergebnisse

International audience ; The question of the influence and impact of Israel's military expenditure on economic development raises several methodological problems, particularly concerning the availability and accuracy of data, the consideration of the combined effects of military expenditure on the economy but also in terms of national security (an important factor in the proper functioning of an economy) and the political and economic choices between the short and long term. Econometric analysis is concerned only with figures and seeks to highlight some relationships between macroeconomic variables explained, at least partially, by the different components of military spending. Using regressions and a small model, the influence of military expenditure on GDP, consumption, investment, imports, exports or the price index is analysed over the period 1960 to 1977. For Egypt, military expenditure has a slightly positive, but inflationary, effect on GDP (as does public consumption as a whole). With an adequate public investment policy, a reduction in military spending would lead to a significant improvement in the national economic situation. ; La question de l'influence et de l'impact des dépenses militaires d'Israël sur le développement économique pose plusieurs problèmes méthodologiques concernant notamment la disponibilité et la précision des données, la prise en compte des effets conjugués des dépenses militaires sur l'économie mais aussi en termes de sécurité nationale (facteur important du bon fonctionnement d'une économie) et les choix politico-économique entre le court et le long terme. L'analyse économétrique ne se préoccupe que des chiffres et cherche à mettre en évidence quelques relations entre des variables macroéconomiques expliquées, au moins partiellement, par les différentes composantes des dépenses militaires. A l'aide de régressions et d'un petit modèle, l'influence des dépenses militaires sur le PIB, la consommation, l'investissement, les importations, les exportations ou l'indice des prix est ...

A large amount of Hydrogen gas is expected to be released within the dry containment of a pressurized water reactor (PWR), shortly after the hypothetical beginning of a severe accident leading to the melting of the core. According to local gas concentrations, the gaseous mixture of hydrogen, air and steam can reach the flammability limit, threatening the containment integrity. In order to prevent mechanical loads resulting from a possible conflagration of the gas mixture, French and German reactor containments are equipped with passive autocatalytic recombiners (PARs) which preventively oxidize hydrogen for concentrations lower than that of the flammability limit. The objective of the paper is to present numerical assessments of the recombiner models implemented in CFD solvers NEPTUNE_CFD and Code_Saturne. Under the EDF/EPRI agreement, CEA has been committed to perform 42 tests of PARs. The experimental program named KALI‐H2, consists checking the performance and behaviour of PAR. Unrealistic values for the gas temperature are calculated if the conjugate heat transfer and the wall steam condensation are not taken into account. The combined effects of these models give a good agreement between computational results and experimental data.

This Research is part of the European Project PACKING (Protection of Migrants and Asylum seekers, especially Children and Women coming from Nigeria and victims of trafficking), conducted from 2017 and 2019, both in Nigeria and in France. PACKING Project is co-funded by the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR) of the European Union and is coordinated by the NGO ECPAT France. The general objective of the project is that rights of Migrants are promoted and respected and migrants are protected from trafficking in Human beings. This publication was elaborated with the support of European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of ECPAT France and the partners of the project and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.

This Research is part of the European Project PACKING (Protection of Migrants and Asylum seekers, especially Children and Women coming from Nigeria and victims of trafficking), conducted from 2017 and 2019, both in Nigeria and in France. PACKING Project is co-funded by the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR) of the European Union and is coordinated by the NGO ECPAT France. The general objective of the project is that rights of Migrants are promoted and respected and migrants are protected from trafficking in Human beings. This publication was elaborated with the support of European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of ECPAT France and the partners of the project and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.

This Research is part of the European Project PACKING (Protection of Migrants and Asylum seekers, especially Children and Women coming from Nigeria and victims of trafficking), conducted from 2017 and 2019, both in Nigeria and in France. PACKING Project is co-funded by the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR) of the European Union and is coordinated by the NGO ECPAT France. The general objective of the project is that rights of Migrants are promoted and respected and migrants are protected from trafficking in Human beings. This publication was elaborated with the support of European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of ECPAT France and the partners of the project and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.

The field of science and technology studies (STS) has introduced and developed a "sociotechnical" perspective that has been taken up by many disciplines and areas of inquiry. The aims and objectives of this study are threefold: to interrogate which sociotechnical concepts or tools from STS are useful at better understanding energy-related social science, to reflect on prominent themes and topics within those approaches, and to identify current research gaps and directions for the future. To do so, the study builds on a companion project, a systematic analysis of 262 articles published from 2009 to mid-2019 that categorized and reviewed sociotechnical perspectives in energy social science. It identifies future research directions by employing the method of "co-creation" based on the reflections of sixteen prominent researchers in the field in late 2019 and early 2020. Drawing from this co-created synthesis, this study first identifies three main areas of sociotechnical perspectives in energy research (sociotechnical systems, policy, and expertise and publics) with 15 topics and 39 subareas. The study then identifies five main themes for the future development of sociotechnical perspectives in energy research: conditions of systematic change; embedded agency; justice, power, identity and politics; imaginaries and discourses; and public engagement and governance. It also points to the recognized need for pluralism and parallax: for research to show greater attention to demographic and geographical diversity; to stronger research designs; to greater theoretical triangulation; and to more transdisciplinary approaches.

Cinq années de recherches pour éclairer les solutions organisationnelles et institutionnelles en faveur du développement durable de la filière pomme. Les résultats du projet ANR Sustain'Apple, associant organismes de recherche et développement et professionnels de la filière sont présentés dans une brochure diffusée, aussi bien auprès de la communauté scientifique et technique qu'auprès de la sphère socio-économique et politique. L'ambition de Sustain'Apple était de contribuer à maintenir la durabilité de la filière pomme dans un contexte de nouvelles contraintes sanitaires et phytosanitaires (SPS), il a été entrepris d'étudier les solutions organisationnelles et institutionnelles et d'évaluer les impacts social, économique et environnemental de ces solutions. Trois conclusions principales et recommandations sont apportées par Sustain'Apple : Pour que la gestion des aspects SPS dans la filière pomme soit durable, 1) il faut tout d'abord être à l'écoute des attentes des consommateurs et des citoyens. 2) Il faut aussi que l'on ait une coordination étroite entre les différents opérateurs de la filière. 3) Il faut enfin que les entreprises et les filières s'impliquent plus fortement dans les Institutions pour l'élaboration des normes de type SPS.

Cinq années de recherches pour éclairer les solutions organisationnelles et institutionnelles en faveur du développement durable de la filière pomme. Les résultats du projet ANR Sustain'Apple, associant organismes de recherche et développement et professionnels de la filière sont présentés dans une brochure diffusée, aussi bien auprès de la communauté scientifique et technique qu'auprès de la sphère socio-économique et politique. L'ambition de Sustain'Apple était de contribuer à maintenir la durabilité de la filière pomme dans un contexte de nouvelles contraintes sanitaires et phytosanitaires (SPS), il a été entrepris d'étudier les solutions organisationnelles et institutionnelles et d'évaluer les impacts social, économique et environnemental de ces solutions. Trois conclusions principales et recommandations sont apportées par Sustain'Apple : Pour que la gestion des aspects SPS dans la filière pomme soit durable, 1) il faut tout d'abord être à l'écoute des attentes des consommateurs et des citoyens. 2) Il faut aussi que l'on ait une coordination étroite entre les différents opérateurs de la filière. 3) Il faut enfin que les entreprises et les filières s'impliquent plus fortement dans les Institutions pour l'élaboration des normes de type SPS.

Research innovations and breakthroughs are increasingly realised through collaborative networks amongst state and non-state actors. This article investigates the utilisation of such networks in the field of applied health services research, where policy narratives repeatedly emphasise the importance of collaboration between university researchers, clinical and health service leaders, patient representatives and industry. The translation of policy into practice suggests that these networks are not always designed and managed in line with policy aspirations. Taking a decentred approach, the study reported in this article examines how local policy actors translate national policies for collaborative health research networks in the context of their own histories of applied research, including local narratives and priorities for health research. The study shows that local actors face key dilemmas and opportunities for situated agency, as they experience three competing policy narratives, first, for carrying out world-class research; second, for ensuring research meets local needs and third, for developing new understanding about the implementation of research into practice. Although these expectations might appear coherent to policy-makers, at the regional level, they provide the basis for disagreement and negotiation amongst local policy actors through which the local narrative of collaborative research is framed to regional stakeholders. The study shows how the tensions between elite and local narratives can be reconciled through re-framing activities, especially the articulation of 'parallel frames' within a 'cascade framing' process.

Peña-Guzmán's target article on animal suicide will help inform end-of-life care for animals by emphasizing the need for a broad research focus on animal thanatology. Greater scientific understanding of the continuum of death-related awareness, experiences, and behaviors will help us improve veterinary care for animals at the end of life.

International audience ; In this paper, we study the changing explanations of success and failure over the course of a firm's history. We build on a discursive approach that highlights the role of narrative attributions in making sense of corporate performance. Specifically, we analyze how the Nokia Corporation was framed first as a success and later as a failure and how these dimensions of performance were explained in various actors' narrative accounts. In both the success and failure accounts, our analysis revealed a striking black-and-white picture that resulted in the institutionalization of Nokia's metanarratives of success and failure. Our findings also reveal a number of discursive attributional tendencies; and thus warn of the cognitive and politically motivated biases that are likely to characterize management literature.

International audience ; In this paper, we study the changing explanations of success and failure over the course of a firm's history. We build on a discursive approach that highlights the role of narrative attributions in making sense of corporate performance. Specifically, we analyze how the Nokia Corporation was framed first as a success and later as a failure and how these dimensions of performance were explained in various actors' narrative accounts. In both the success and failure accounts, our analysis revealed a striking black-and-white picture that resulted in the institutionalization of Nokia's metanarratives of success and failure. Our findings also reveal a number of discursive attributional tendencies; and thus warn of the cognitive and politically motivated biases that are likely to characterize management literature.

We intend to highlight the sociopolitical process of building an European film and audiovisual industry by addressing through the issue of European funds that areMEDIA and Eurimages. We use two complementary working methods : an analysis of the European pressreleases on funding programs and objectives, and also a questionnaire survey of European producers of the sector.Several main lines emerge from this reflection. It appears that European funding for the sector have been an opportunity for the creation and implementation of a cinematographic cultural policy. At the same time, it promoted an entire industrialized business area of cultural production. The latter is measured with quantitative economic indicators, but can also be measured with qualitative tools concerning the cultural influence, effectiveness in European cohesion or effectiveness in building a European cinematographical identity perspective that we suggest as evolution. Politicians entered the game and valued the industry in order to better finance culture, since the cultural field is difficult to defend. It also emerges a division of producers into three categories. The pan-European who are satisfied. Even if they find the procedure rather complicated, they would not change anything in substance. Eurosceptic, nationalist producers who voluntarilyisolate themselves and denigrate funds they do not know. Volunteers producers, that would like to obtain the funds and make European co-productions, but do not have the critical mass required for access. Finally, this research reveals an European cinema which can be defined as aconglomerate of European nationalities, whose strengths are precisely the cultural,linguistical and aesthetical diversity, recognized even outside of Europe.Through the cinematographical and audiovisual sector, the European Union adopts an imaginary and an identity conveyed on screen. A strong cultural dominance canbe distinguished : that of the arthouse films. They register a good transnational movement, and their socio-cultural ...

This paper is a discussion of "behavioral theory of the firm". It focuses on understanding aspects of the pre-history, the context, the reception and the evolution of some of the main ideas found in "behavioral theory of the firm" and in the key works associated with it (in particular the books "Organizations" and "A Behavioral Theory of the Firm"). I discuss the reception of these works, using both reviews and bibliometric illustrations. Unlike many modern contributors to organizational literature, Cyert and March (and Simon) made a point of doing interdisciplinary work engaging directly with "the disciplines" (engaging the audiences and disciplines of economics, sociology, political science and psychology), not just focusing on making contributions between them. That legacy – communicating and contributing to the disciplines not just between them – is often overlooked in other celebrations of behavioral theory ideas that often discuss specific developments within the field of organization studies itself.