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The creative economy is a key arena where austerity, localism and social policy debates are being played out. This paper explores how cultural intermediation has been captured by a broader state agenda on socio-economic exclusion, examining how these processes function at the local level in Birmingham, UK. Intersections of local cultural policy with grass-roots practice are explored in the neighbourhood of Balsall Heath, through two case studies: (1) Birmingham City Council's Community Cultural Pilot and (2) Balsall Heath Biennale. We argue that despite savage cuts the local state is still having a considerable – and not always enabling – influence on processes and outcomes of non-state cultural intermediation, directing ways in which creative initiatives function at the local level. The paper ends on a hopeful note that these unstable times offer a moment where a renegotiation of the relationship between cultural intermediation, disadvantaged communities and the creative economy beyond monetised market-value is possible.

This paper questions the continued dominance of the network governance approach in public policy and administration and proposes an alternative framework. We find little evidence to support claims for a paradigmatic shift towards network governance in the English case. Neither does the evidence support claims for a weakening of vertical linkages or a strengthening of horizontal linkages within, or across, service delivery chains in England. Instead, bureaucratic and hierarchical structures remain pervasive and power remains highly centralised. The two case studies, of economic development and affordable housing provision, demonstrate how reforms are driven by elected politicians' political objectives and their support of various target groups in society. Nevertheless, policy making is constrained by conditions of 'postdemocracy'—essentially, the exigencies of contemporary electoral politics and the pervasive influence of business. The study of public administration and management needs to refocus on the implications for the public services of postdemocracy and address critical questions of power, competing interests, mechanisms of exclusion and inclusion, and contested claims to knowledge and expertise within service delivery chains.

This paper reports on empirical research amongst clients of the Government Office for the East of England, exploring levels of satisfaction in order to generate, rather than validate, understanding. As the landscape of public enterprise support in Britain changes and new institutions come on stream, this case poses searching questions about the manner in which policy for economic growth can be delivered in the English regions. Efforts to eliminate confusion and incoherence in the support infrastructure appear not to have succeeded. Findings indicate that barriers between policy ambitions and effective take-up by client communities continue to exist. Clients perceive behavioural rigidities as a barrier to the development of the most effective public-private relationships. A sometimes centralist perspective (arguably, the predisposition of the support infrastructure) is in danger of allowing the benefits of support tailored to regional need to be overlooked. The objective is by "constructively discrediting the system" (as Bowen et al suggest) to stimulate useful debate about the way in which the enterprise culture might be supported.

Chapter: 1: Background and introduction: why debating equal pay for all? -- Part I: AGAINST EQUAL PAY FOR ALL.-Chapter: 2: Equal pay for all: an idea whose time has not, and will not, come -- Chapter: 3: Universal equal pay wrong-foots the distribution of incomes -- Chapter: 4: More onerous work deserves higher pay -- Chapter: 5: Equal pay for knowledge workers in academia: an unrealistic proposition -- Part II: AGAINST EQUAL PAY FOR ALL BUT FOR EQUAL MINIMUM INCOME FOR ALL -- Chapter: 6: Equal pay: a floor not a ceiling -- Chapter: 7: Limiting insecurity, not opportunity -- Part III: TOWARDS INCREASED PAY EQUALITY -- Chapter: 8: A "middle way" between the free market and full equality: a pay ratio -- Chapter: 9: Closing the gap: the benefits of lowering pay ratios -- Chapter:10: How fair is equal pay? The need for a more balanced perspective -- Chapter: 11: Are there moral limits to wage inequality? -- Chapter:12: Equal pay for a green future -- Part IV: FOR EQUAL PAY FOR ALL -- Chapter: 13: Can a Honduran have what a Norwegian has? Equal pay for all countries: an exploration -- Chapter: 14: Economic equality as a precondition for democracy and social justice -- Chapter:15: Defending equal pay for all against objections from the achievement principle -- Chapter:16: Equal pay as a precondition of justice? -- Chapter:17: Equal pay for all (per hour worked).

The global south is entering an 'Urban Age' where, for the first time in history, more people will be living in cities than in the countryside. The logics of this prediction have a dominant framing - rapid urbanization, uncontrolled migration, resource depletion, severe fuel shortages, and the breakdown of law and order. We are told that we must be prepared. The solution is simple they say. Mega-urbanization is an opportunity for economic growth and prosperity. Therefore we must build big, build new and build fast. 0With contributions from an international range of established and emerging scholars drawing upon real world examples, 'Mega-Urbanization in the Global South' is the first to use the lens of speed to examine the postcolonial "urban revolution". From the mega-urbanization of Lusaka, to the production of satellite cities in Jakarta, to new cities built from scratch in Masdar, Songdo and Rajarhat, this book argues that speed is now the persistent feature of a range of utopian visions that seek to expedite the production of new cities. These 'fast cities' are the enduring images of postcolonial urbanism, which bypass actually existing urbanisms through new power-knowledge coalitions of producing, knowing and governing the city. This timely and original book presents urban scholars with the theoretical, empirical and methodological challenges of mega-urbanization in the global south, as well as highlighting new theoretical agendas and empirical analyses that these new forms of city-making bring to the fore

Improving America's Diet and Health -- Copyright -- Preface -- FORMATION OF COMMITTEE AND COMMITTEE PROCEDURES -- SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF REPORT -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCE -- Contents -- 1 Summary -- PLACING DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS IN PERSPECTIVE -- ISSUES IN IMPLEMENTING DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS -- THE TASKS AND THE PARTICIPANTS IN IMPLEMENTATION -- Public Sector -- Private Sector -- Health-Care Professionals -- Education of the Public -- PRINCIPAL IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES -- DIRECTIONS FOR RESEARCH -- LESSONS LEARNED AND PROCESS FOR FUTURE -- REFERENCES -- 2 Introduction -- PLACING DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS IN PERSPECTIVE -- FROM GUIDANCE TO IMPLEMENTATION -- IMPLEMENTATION AND THE POOR -- BARRIERS AND INCENTIVES TO DIETARY CHANGE -- THE TASK OF IMPLEMENTATION: GOALS, TACTICS, AND POLICIES -- THE TASK AND THE IMPLEMENTORS -- BENEFITS AND COSTS OF DIETARY CHANGE -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 3 Determinants of Food Choice and Prospects for Modifying Food Attitudes and Behavior -- DETERMINANTS OF FOOD CHOICE -- CHANGES IN FOOD SELECTION -- Changes from 1909 to 1987 -- Economic and Demographic Influences on Change -- CHANGES IN CONSUMER ATTITUDES AND KNOWLEDGE -- THEORIES OF ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR CHANGE -- Communication/Persuasion Model -- Attitude Change Theories -- Links Between Attitudes and Behaviors -- Social Learning Model -- Implications of Theoretical Perspectives for Changing Diet for Health -- COMMUNICATION THROUGH THE MEDIA -- REVIEW OF EVIDENCE ON CHANGING DIET TO BENEFIT HEALTH -- Small-Group Classroom Studies -- Programs That Activate Social Support Systems -- School-Based Programs for Adolescents -- Health Communication at Points of Purchase -- Studies Conducted at Work Sites -- Regional and National Mass Media Campaigns -- Comprehensive, Integrated Community-Based Multifactor Risk-Reduction Programs -- Effective Educational Methods.

This paper examines the concept of maritime multi-use as a territorial/SPATIAL governance instrument for the enhancement of sustainable development in five EU sea basins. Multi-use (MU) is expected to enhance the productivity of blue economy sectors, as well as deliver additional socio-economic benefits related to the environmental and social dimensions of sustainable development. The paper provides a definition of maritime multi-use and identifies the multi-uses with the highest potential in EU sea basins. In each sea basin, multi-use plays a different role as concerns sustainable development. For the Eastern Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, the MU focus should remain on the environmental pillar of sustainable development. In the North Sea, North Atlantic and Western Baltic Sea, addressing social sustainability seems a key precondition for success of MU in enhancement of sustainable spatial development at sea. Moreover, it has been suggested to introduce MU key global strategies such as SDGs or Macroregional strategies and action plans and to supplement maritime spatial planning with sectoral incentives and educational efforts as key vehicles supporting MU. The paper concludes by identifying aspects which, in order to inform maritime spatial planning and maritime governance regarding a more conscious application of the aforementioned concept, require further investigation. Key tasks are related to: more profound evaluation of performance of policies supporting MUs, researching the impact of MU on societal goals and on the MU costs and benefits, including external ones, and finally identifying the impact of MU on the development of various sectors and regions on land.

The aim of the project is to assess the overall design and consequences of including maritime transports in the EU ETS. An inclusion of shipping in the EU ETS would likely be built upon the data and scope of the current monitoring, reporting and verification system, which is covering the legs of a ship's route before and after a port call to one of EEA's states. The CO2 emissions captured by MRV was 141 Mtonnes in 2018, estimated to grow to approximately 178 Mtonnes by 2026 if no abatement measures are taken. Alternatively, only including emissions from intra-EEA shipping would limit the emission scope, estimated to reach approximately 75 Mtonnes in 2026. The costs for the shipping sector will be determined mainly by 1) the price of allowances and 2) if allowances are given for free or if they are auctioned. Based on our assumptions of 5 to 100 % of allowance auctioned, and a price of 25-70 EUR/tonne CO2 gives an estimated additional cost to the included shipping of 0.2 – 12.5 billion EUR. To set these cost increases into a context, it generates a price increase of between 0.6% and 33% per tonne marine gas oil. ; The aim of this project is to assess the overall design and consequences of including maritime transports in the EU emission trading system. The included aspects are geographical scope, allocation of allowances, time frame of implementation, as well as impacts on greenhouse gas emissions, economic impacts for the maritime sector as well as on early movers and modal split.

Cervical cancer is a disease that is emphasised as one of the gravest threats to women's life. In low and middle-income countries, it is the cancer type that kills most women and girls. The World Health Organisation situates cervical cancer as a public health problem and highlights that countries need to put focus on strategies towards eliminating cervical cancer as a global burden of disease. In alignment with this, the Ugandan MoH emphasise comprehensive screening services to control and prevent the disease throughout the country. However, a report shows that 80 % of women in Uganda only seek professional help when cervical cancer is in an advanced stage. This qualitative study is an exploration of women's and health workers' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards cervical cancer and screening in Fort Portal, Uganda. Through in-depth interviews and observations this study explores if these factors influence choices and motivations to present for cervical cancer screening. It suggests that health behaviours cannot be separated from national and global policies; hence this study facilitates a holistic perspective. Based on findings this study reveals that local understandings, beliefs and attitudes as well as societal, historical, economic and political dynamics are critical factors in order to succeed when implementing health services. By providing insights into women's and health workers' knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards cervical cancer screening, and shedding light on access- and awareness in Uganda generally and Fort Portal particularly, this study can contribute to more knowledge on how to implement cervical cancer services that are sensitive to local needs and hence may encourage more women to come forward for screening. ; publishedVersion

This paper offers a critical study of the concept and issues of human security. Itsusage, definition and applicability may differ since different authors explain issues related to security differently. Although there is still no common definition on whathuman security is, most authors agree that human security is related to individualsin terms of theirwellbeing. For too long, human security has been focused on theprotection of state territory, regarded as the traditional perception of security. Thiskind of interpretation refers to a narrow security concept, not well constructed andincapable of addressing most of the important issues related to the security of theindividual. The issue of security for a nation is quite different to the issue of security for individuals, because the first tends to protect the boundaries of the state where people live while the second aims to protect all human being from insecurities. Humansecurity is a new challenge in today's world; it presents new threats which arefar away from the threats generated by the traditional concept of human security.The new concept of human security should be analysed in people's daily lives, notin a country's guns and weapons. To protect people's lives means respecting allhuman rights prescribed in domestic law and international conventions; violatingthem means causing human insecurities and the failure of the state to fulfil its ownresponsibilities towards the law. Therefore, the protection and the welfare of thepeople should become first goal of the government. In cooperation with internationalorganizations and NGOs, governments should find and promote appropriatepolicies to establish a political, economic and social security environment for all thepeople as citizens of that country. ; -

Retailing is a form of exchange, which mediates the movement of goods between the manufacturer, their transfer and sales to the phase of the field of final consumption. For the past 25 years significant transformation processes have been identified in the retailing of post-communist countries that have both an economic and also spatial character. The aim of this paper is to analyze re tailing in Slovakia and its development in the period of 25 years with specific attention paid to the transformation process. In the paper these processes are classi fied and defined in the time and space context. The conclusions of the study show that in Slovakia some trends in globalization processes can be identified, which are typical in other developed countries. These changes become evident particularly after 1989. The process of atomization of the retail is the first analysed process and it is typical for the transition period from the centrally-planned economy to the market economy. The further processes are related to manifestations of globalization in the Slovakian retail. Those are the processes of internationalization, cooperation, and concentration in the retail. By analyzing all of the changes in the Slovak retail it is then possible to identify several stages of transformation. The characteristics of the globalization processes in the retail sector are more intense in urban areas than in rural. For Slovakia, there is a delayed ransition in the processes in comparison with neighbouring countries. The size of the market determines the intensity of the manifestations of the globalization processes. The ultimate consolidation of retailers in Slovakia can be categorized as transformation process in the initial stage of development.

The purpose of this project is to argue that in order for social and emotional learning (SEL) goals to achieve their intended outcomes for students and society, religious pluralism must be reflected in student instruction. SEL involves the use of evidence-based practices to provide opportunities to develop competencies related to self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision making which are intended to enable students to demonstrate morally appropriate actions and ethical decisions, which I am calling "right behavior." It is my argument that one's understanding of right behavior embodies both implicit and explicit moral beliefs based on one's worldview which reflects a certain conception of the good life and the good society. In many cultures this concept is shaped by the dominant, organized religion of the group. However, the religious diversity in the United States since its inception led to an American tendency to privatize religion and avoid meaningful public deliberation of competing views of the good life and the good society. However, I contend that this paradigm is no longer adequate for equipping twenty-first century students with the background knowledge, critical thinking, problem-solving, and ethical judgment skills required for full participation in the social, political, and economic spheres of society. Instead, I am proposing a SEL-religious studies model that values religious freedom, equality, and neighborly affection, and recognizes the presence of moral and religious pluralism in American society.

THE STRUGGLE OF THE ANTI-IMPERIALIST NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENTS IN AFRICA AND ASIA HAVE REACHED A NEW AND HIGHER STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT-THE CONSOLIDATION OF NATIONAL AND ECONOMIC SOVEREIGNTY BY THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATES AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THEIR INTERNAL CIRCUMSTANCES ALONG SOCIAL AND DEMOCRATIC LINES.

Investigates ways in which the new information society might contribute to economic development at the regional level & help to lessen the gap between central & peripheral regions. Reports & policy statements by the Commission of the European Communities are optimistic that combining information-based goods & services with diffuse electronic networks can help offset the "tyranny of geography" that has relegated certain areas to the nether regions of social & economic participation. Here, the development of a telecommunications infrastructure in various European regions is outlined, exploring how the adoption of new information & communications technologies gives peripheral regions enhanced work mobility by (1) industrializing the service sector, (2) creating a spatial separation of production & consumption, & (3) allowing firms to manage at a distance. Barriers to such development are identified, & the concept of "learning region" is introduced to describe the prerequisites necessary to successful adoption of information & communication technologies at both the individual & organizational levels. 2 Tables, 1 Figure. K. Hyatt Stewart

An incisive overview of the macroeconomics of financial crises—essential reading for students and policy experts alikeWith alarming frequency, modern economies go through macro-financial crashes that arise from the financial sector and spread to the broader economy, inflicting deep and prolonged recessions. A Crash Course on Crises brings together the latest cutting-edge economic research to identify the seeds of these crashes, reveal their triggers and consequences, and explain what policymakers can do about them.Each of the book's ten self-contained chapters introduces readers to a key economic force and provides case studies that illustrate how that force was dominant. Markus Brunnermeier and Ricardo Reis show how the run-up phase of a crisis often occurs in ways that are preventable but that may go unnoticed and discuss how debt contracts, banks, and a search for safety can act as triggers and amplifiers that drive the economy to crash. Brunnermeier and Reis then explain how monetary, fiscal, and exchange-rate policies can respond to crises and prevent them from becoming persistent.With case studies ranging from Chile in the 1970s to the COVID-19 pandemic, A Crash Course on Crises synthesizes a vast literature into ten simple, accessible ideas and illuminates these concepts using novel diagrams and a clear analytical framework