Suchergebnisse

Based on a step-by-step detailed analysis of the historical experience of projects and proposals for the development of the government quarter in Kyiv, the author draws analogies and focuses risk factors on the corresponding modern concepts proposed by architects for implementation in the 21st century. Proposals and competitions for the construction of the government and administrative center, which took place over the past century, have left behind a significant theoretical material that can be used in modern design. At the same time, we consider especially valuable the experience of blunders and limitations that did not allow to implement projects in previous epochs. Based on the author's thesis on the similarity of these negative factors throughout the 20th and early 21st century, risk factors have been formulated and principles have been crystallized that are and will be relevant in the near future for the modern design of the government center. The analysis of historical experience from the point of view of studying of not only positive, but, first of all, negative experience with the subsequent extrapolation to an actual building situation is rather new for modern Ukrainian architectural practice. Meanwhile, we argue that the need for appropriate research is due to the significant similarity of risk factors, which, if ignored, can lead to similar consequences – partial implementation or complete non-implementation of projects. The article draws analogies between the competition for the construction of the Government Quarter of 1934-1935, the post-war restoration of Khreshchatyk, proposals for the placement of the administrative center of Kyiv on the Left Bank and modern development projects of the Rybalskyy Peninsula ("Kyiv City") and the Telychky district. ; На основі поетапного аналізу історичного досвіду проектів та пропозицій по забудові урядового кварталу в Києві, автор проводить аналогії та акцентує фактори ризику до відповідних сучасних концептів, що пропонуються до реалізації архітекторами у ХХІ столітті. Аналіз історичного спадку з точки зору дослідження не лише позитивного, але, передусім, негативного досвіду минулого століття з подальшою екстраполяцією на актуальну будівельну ситуацію є відносно новим для сучасної української архітектурної практики. Між тим, ми стверджуємо тезу про необхідність відповідного дослідження через значну подібність можливих перепон, що, за умови їх ігнорування, можуть призвести до аналогічних наслідків – часткової реалізації або повної не реалізації проектів.

The right to engage in work and choose an occupation to freely work at, is declared a fundamental human right in the EU. Behaviour that restrains somebody from doing so, due to sexual orientation discrimination for example, is prohibited. Inquiries on the dimension of this particular behaviour, as well as the magnitude of harm it causes in the population, is of vital importance for policy makers and the entire civil society. A growing number of research pertaining to labour market outcomes due to sexual orientation has been conducted rececently. Most of the studies have been carried out in western countries, where annual income, hourly wages, labour market participation and employment decisions have been in the focus of researchers. Ahmet, Andersson and Hammarstedt have been the pioneering scientists in this field in Sweden and contributed by extending their inquiries from the individual to the couple level (Ahmed, et al., 2011a) and to field experiments (Ahmed, et al., 2011b) in detecting discrimination against homosexuals. The present paper aims to contribute to the labour market discrimination literature by estimating the differences in the employment probabilities and in the duration of unemployment by sexual orientation in Sweden using survival analysis techniques. Time-to-event data is rare in social sciences, which is particularly valid for data sets where the sexual orientation of individuals is observable. Due to this scarcity, the present study represents the first paper investigating the effect of sexual preferences on the duration in unemploymnet using survival analysis techniques. In contrast to other estimation methods, survival techniques enable us to incorporate the particular nature of time-to-event data, such as its particular skewness, strict non- negative nature, as well as censoring and truncation. Separately Zero Inflated Negative Binomial regression has been conducted to the duration in unemployment and Probit estimation to the event of getting employed, where differing significant outcomes by sexual orientation have been detected for some specifications. The remainder of the article is organized as follows. A detailed literature review is provided in section 2. Section 3 comprises the theoretical framework of the investigation, while section 4 contains the methodical framework and research design. Data and descriptive statistics are presented in section 5, followed by the results of the estimation in section 6. Section 7 concludes with the final discussion.

Digital economy has significantly changed business reality. The radical transformations are ubiquitous. New patterns feature economic behaviour of market participants, their interactions, their business models and their market activities. What about competition? What forms of competitive conduct have lost importance in contemporary digital economy? And what are the newest strategies that enhance competitiveness of the firms? Which digital business practices could limit competition? And which of them could stimulate business rivalry? Digitalization has changed many, in not all, of our traditional conceptual visions in the area of competition, market, market power, relevant market actors. The nature of competition itself is under scrupulous investigation. What conclusions could we draw from current theoretical and empirical analyses of competition mechanism? First of all, we deal with new forms of competition. The old Schumpeterian question – whether competition is a creative innovative destruction or it leads only to unfair elimination of competitors from the market – has arisen again nowadays. Online competition has two radically different outcomes. On the one hand, lower transaction costs, more possibilities to compare prices and assortment, expanding markets beyond geographical limits, low entry barriers reinforce rivalry. On the other hand, online activity of the firms can mitigate competitive pressure though new forms of product differentiation and usage of phantom strategies, phantom products, phantom plans. In order to increase their overall competitiveness, firms have elaborated an O2O (online-to-offline) business model that is allowed to utilize virtual and actual activity at the same time. Restaurant business, cosmetic industry, taxi deals are examples of its successful implementation. Is more competition better for consumers? This concept has been considered doubtful. Digital competitive pressure has led to a novel format of product differentiation, that is, targeted product design. Unlike traditional view in line with Salop circular model, contemporary firms choose product strategies that target as little individuals as possible. The less the circle of potential clients is, the less their price elasticity would be, and the weaker price rivalry might become. Traditional concept views competition as a Markov stochastic process. Contemporary analyses demonstrate more complicated nature of competitive mechanism. Online and offline innovations transform competition into non-linear process with "humps and jumps", the outcomes of which are not always in the interests of consumers' welfare.

Considering the challenges posed by populism and religiously motivated political engagement to liberal democracies, the present study sets out to examine, specifically, the role played by Pentecostal actors in the conflictive rearrangement of the democratic game in Brazil and worldwide. The engagement of Pentecostals in Brazil's 2018 general election represented a milestone in that regard and constitutes, thus, the main focus of the present investigation. Given the novelty and nature of both phenomena in question, viz. Pentecostal political engagement and the crisis of democracy, the analysis is carried out, methodologically, from a descriptive, theoretical vantage point, rather than a normative one. To that purpose, the study builds on Manow's recent work on the current crisis of democracy so as to shed new light on this issue and engages with scholarly studies of Pentecostal political engagement in Brazil and Nigeria alike, where similar developments may be observed, thereby placing this predicament in a global perspective. The role played by Pentecostals can best be described as ambivalent, as, on the one hand, they contributed largely to democratizing contemporary democracies and, on the other, they played a significant part in undermining the very foundations of liberal democracies. ; Tendo em vista os desafios que o populismo e o engajamento político de motivação religiosa representam às democracias liberais, o presente estudo propõe-se examinar, especificamente, o papel desempenhado por atores pentecostais no conflituoso reordenamento do jogo democrático no Brasil e a nível global. O engajamento pentecostal nas eleições brasileiras de 2018 representou um marco importante nesse respeito, constituindo, assim, o objeto da presente investigação. Dadas a novidade e a natureza de ambos os fenômenos em questão, a saber, o engajamento político pentecostal e a crise da democracia, a análise é conduzida, metodologicamente, a partir de uma perspectiva descritiva, teórica, e não normativa. Para tal, o estudo serve-se da recente obra de Manow acerca da atual crise da democracia com vistas a iluminar o debate a respeito e dialoga com análises acadêmicas do engajamento político pentecostal tanto no Brasil como na Nigéria, onde fenômenos similares podem ser constatados, de modo a por a questão em perspectiva global. O papel desempenhado por atores pentecostais pode ser descrito como ambivalente, na medida em que eles, por um lado, contribuíram enormemente para uma democratização das democracias contemporâneas e, por outro, desempenharam uma função decisiva no abalamento dos fundamentos das democracias liberais.

The actual article aims to analyze the validity of judicial activism within the scope of the Democratic State of Law under the bias of the Systems Theory. For that purpose, the following aspects will be investigated: the distinction between society, system, communication, programming and coding; the luhmannian theory and its systems; the evolution of systems and the and the communicative forms of propagation; the time according to Luhmann, the conception of a systemic unity and the existence of autonomous branches of the law, and the distinction between judicial activism, motivated free conviction of the judge and judicial pro-activity and the risk to the Democratic State of Law in the face of an eventual dictatorship of the judiciary. In order to obtain the results intended by this research, the method of approach to be followed will be the empirico-dialectic, making use of a bibliographic and legislative research, having as a background a reference system based on the linguistic turnaround, represented by the Logical Semantic Constructivism taken from Paulo de Barros Carvalho. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that judicial activism does not have validity within the Democratic State of Law, if it is based on the theoretical framework adopted here. ; O presente artigo visa a analisar a validade do ativismo judicial no âmbito do Estado Democrático de Direito diante da Teoria dos Sistemas. Com esse intuito, são investigadas a distinção entre Sociedade, sistema, comunicação, programação e codificação; a teoria luhmaniana e seus sistemas; a evolução do sistema e as formas de propagação comunicativas; o tempo segundo luhmann, a concepção de uma unidade sistêmica e a existência de ramos autônomos do direito, e a distinção entre ativismo judicial, livre convencimento motivado do juiz e pró-atividade judicial e o risco ao Estado Democrático de Direito diante de uma eventual ditadura do Poder Judiciário. Para a obtenção dos resultados almejados pela pesquisa, o método de abordagem a ser seguido será o empírico-dialético, utilizando-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e legislativa, tendo como pano de fundo um sistema de referência pautado no giro linguístico, representado por meio do Constructivismo Lógico-Semântico de Paulo de Barros Carvalho. Em conclusão, aponta-se que o ativismo judicial não tem validade no âmbito do Estado Democrático de Direito, tendo-se por base o referencial teórico adotado.

El presente artículo es resultado de un método de investigación teórica con un enfoque cualitativo-inductivo, en este se pretende describir el sistema colombiano y español en relación con la protección de datos, esto a fin de dilucidar sobre los aspectos de mayor relevancia en la normativa. Se iniciara analizando los aspectos conceptuales del tratamiento de datos al igual que se precisa sobre algunos principios que resultan importantes a la hora de tratar los datos personales, acto seguido se analiza sobre el desarrollo tecnológico y las implicaciones que esta ha tenido en el tratamiento de los datos, haciendo notar los retos que debe afrontar el legislador en el marco de las nuevas tecnologías, continuando con una análisis del sistema normativo colombiano donde se revelan aspectos generales de la protección de datos en este país, así mismo se realizan algunas apreciaciones sobre su control y tratamiento, y por último se analiza el sistema normativo español haciendo a grandes rasgos un recorrido histórico de la normativa de este país y dejando en evidencia los avances frente al tratamiento de datos y garantías digitales que se crean al tenor de la Ley orgánica 03/201 ; This article is the result of a theoretical research method with a qualitative-inductive approach, in which it is intended to describe the Colombian and Spanish systems in relation to data protection, in order to elucidate the aspects of greater relevance in the regulations. It will begin by analyzing the conceptual aspects of data processing, as well as specifying some principles that are important when processing personal data, followed by an analysis of technological development and the implications that this has had in the treatment of data. data, noting the challenges that the legislator must face in the framework of new technologies, continuing with an analysis of the Colombian regulatory system where general aspects of data protection in this country are revealed, as well as some observations on its control and treatment, and finally the Spanish regulatory system is analyzed, making a broad overview of the history of the regulations of this country and highlighting the advances in the treatment of data and digital guarantees that are created in accordance with Organic Law 03 / 201

El presente artículo de investigación quiere identificar las ventajas nacionales que presenta India, un país pionero en el sector de servicios, para hacer de su negocio de BPO exitoso frente al caso colombiano. Colombia en los últimos años ha buscado crecer en este sector de servicios y ha realizado diferentes apuestas para lograr ser competitiva, sin embargo, aún no logra ser fuerte en el plano internacional. La principal base teórica será Pankaj Ghemawat, quien escribió en el año 2001 el modelo de distancias CAGE, donde su principal objetivo es abordar las diferencias entre distintos países en un proceso de internacionalización e identificar las diferencias claves en determinados entornos. El resultado de esta investigación considera las siguientes variables que se pueden convertir en ventajas nacionales en el sector de servicios, tecnología, educación, idioma, geografía, salario y políticas gubernamentales. Teniendo en cuenta las anteriores variables, se analizaron los modelos de negocios BPO en Colombia e India, resaltando las similitudes y diferencias específicas en cada una de ellas. Según el análisis desarrollado en el artículo, las variables mencionadas, India las volvió ventajas nacionales para el sector de servicios, lo cual a Colombia todavía le falta desarrollar, entre ellas, el idioma, la tecnología, y el salario. ; This research article wants to identify the national advantages that India, a pioneer country in the service sector, has to make its BPO business successful compared to the Colombian case. Colombia in recent years has sought to grow in this service sector and has made different bets to become competitive, however, it has not yet managed to be strong internationally. The main theoretical base will be Pankaj Ghemawat, who wrote the CAGE distance model in 2001, where his main objective is to address the differences between different countries in an internationalization process and identify the key differences in certain environments. The result of this research considers the following variables that can be converted into national advantages in the service sector, technology, education, language, geography, salary and government policies. Taking into account the above variables, the BPO business models in Colombia and India were analyzed, highlighting the specific similarities and differences in each of them. According to the analysis developed in the article, the aforementioned variables, India turned them into national advantages for the service sector, which Colombia has yet to develop, including language, technology, and salary.

COVID-19 is an acute respiratory illness in humans caused by a coronavirus, capable of producing severe symptoms and, in some cases, death, especially in older people and those with underlying health conditions. It was originally identified in China in 2019 and became a pandemic in 2020. On 6 March 2020, Cameroon recorded its first cases of infection with COVID-19. The Government of Cameroon (GOC) took 13 barrier measures on 18 March 2020. On 1 May 2020, 19 new measures were adopted, easing restrictions and encouraging economic activity. On 1 June, schools and universities were reopened, after which massive screening began to take place throughout the country. In this study, we have modelled the COVID-19 epidemic in Cameroon in order to assess the governmental measures of response and predict the behaviour of epidemic As a result of these measures, the pandemic evolved in three phases. The first phase began on 18 March and ended on 15 May 2020. During this phase, the actual curve of cumulative positive cases based on field data closely fit the theoretical curve resulting from mathematical modelling. In the beginning of May, we predicted that nearly 3000 positive cases would be declared by mid-May 2020. The actual data confirmed these predictions: there were 2954 cases as of 15 May 2020. The second phase, beyond mid-May 2020, encompasses the period when the GOC's relaxation of measures takes effect. This phase was marked by an acceleration of the cumulative number of positive cases starting in the third week of May, postponing the expected peak by two weeks. Under Phase 2 conditions, the onset of the peak will occur in early June and extend through the first two weeks of June. However, a third phase occurs in the first week of June, with the reopening of schools and universities combined with massive screening ; the peak is therefore expected in the second week of June (around 15 June). The GOC should, at this stage, strengthen its response plan by tripling the current coverage capacity to regain the first phase convergence conditions associated with the first 13 measures. The pandemic will begin its descent in the month of august, but COVID-19 will remain endemic for at least one year.

To solve the contradiction between achieving long-term economic growth and reducing the consumption of certain types of resources, the concept of sustainable resource saving economic development must be put into practice. The purpose of this research is to establish criteria, develop indicators, and identify factors of the sustainable energy-saving economic development, as well as to test the developed theoretical provisions using the example of natural gas consumption by different countries. To achieve this goal, various methods were used, including economic and mathematical modeling, time series analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis, and so on. The criteria were formalized, according to which a certain type of economic development can be attributed to energy saving both at the level of the state economy as a whole and at the level of individual industries and enterprises. It was established that the formalized criteria of the sustainable energy-saving economic development have the form of chains of inequalities, and their application makes it possible to identify the general conditions for ensuring this type of development. The main properties of energy-saving economic development were identified. They include the pace of this development, its potential, balance, permanence, and other characteristics. Indicators that can be used to quantify these characteristics were developed. The factors influencing the scale and time characteristics of sustainable energy-saving economic development at the level of the state economy and that of industries and individual enterprises, were systematized. The dynamics of natural gas consumption in different countries was analyzed. The reasons for the lack of energy-saving natural gas economic development in some countries were identified. A quantitative assessment of the properties of this type of economic development by country was conducted. The influence of some factors on the parameters of the sustainable energy-saving natural gas economic development of countries was analyzed. The existence of a negative effect of the rebound in the consumption of natural gas was established at certain intervals in some countries. The obtained results provide an opportunity to increase the degree of understanding of the complex patterns that underlie the sustainable energy-saving economic development of states, industries, and enterprises. These results can also be used in the development of government programs to stimulate energy conservation.

The standard governance theories predict the failure of cooperatives. User-owned, user-controlled and user-benefited organizations, cooperatives possess a unique ownership structure which makes them susceptible to face various governance problems according to the property-rights and agency theories. Paradoxically, cooperatives are not a marginal phenomenon worldwide. They are long-lasting, resilient to crises organizations, in particular in the agricultural sector. This observation suggests some weaknesses in the classical conceptualization of cooperatives' governance and performance. Based on a meta-analysis, a systematic literature review and a stochastic production frontier approaches, our results show that several dimensions of this organizational form deserve more academic attention. The understudied macro-institutional environment, including the existence of a federative network, shapes the effects of cooperatives on their members. Understanding how members collectively build sustainable institutional arrangements calls for an equal consideration of the economic and democratic dimensions of the cooperative through alternative theoretical frameworks. Theses approaches allow for better understanding of the members' ability to overcome and take advantage of institutional and group constrains such as member heterogeneity. ; Les théories classiques de la gouvernance prédisent l'échec des coopératives. Singulières par leur structure de propriété qui repose sur l'exercice collectif et démocratique des droits de propriété et de contrôle, les coopératives sont susceptibles de faire face à de multiples problèmes de gouvernance conduisant à un désavantage institutionnel. Paradoxalement, elles constituent une réalité statistique majeure dans le monde, dont la longévité et la résilience aux crises sont remarquables, en particulier dans le secteur agricole. Ce constat conduit à s'interroger sur l'existence de faiblesses dans la conceptualisation de la gouvernance et de la performance de la coopérative. A travers une méta-analyse, une revue de littérature systématique et une analyse de frontière de production, nos résultats suggèrent que certaines dimensions de la coopérative méritent d'être explorées plus profondément. L'articulation de la coopérative avec son environnement macro-institutionnel, y compris fédératif, façonne ses impacts sur ses membres. Appréhender l'équilibre délicat conduisant à des arrangements institutionnels durables dans l'organisation demande de reconsidérer la dimension démocratique de la coopérative en mobilisant des cadres théoriques alternatifs comme la gestion des Communs. Cet effort est nécessaire pour mieux comprendre la capacité des membres à s'organiser collectivement pour tirer parti de certaines contraintes institutionnelles et de groupe comme l'hétérogénéité du sociétariat.

Resumen: En este trabajo recapitularemos el debate entre C. L. Griswold e I. S. Ross en torno a las razones por las cuales Adam Smith no logró completar, en el marco de la articulación de un sistema filosófico, el capítulo dedicado a la Jurisprudencia Natural. Este intercambio nos resulta oportuno para dar los primeros pasos en una aproximación al corpus filosófico smithiano, entendido como el proyecto intelectual de Adam Smith en el marco de la denominada Ilustración del siglo XVIII. El hecho de que Smith haya proyectado la articulación de un sistema filosófico que pudiera abarcar todos los campos de la experiencia humana, y que este haya quedado inconcluso, se presentan como puntos de relativo consenso entre Griswold y Ross. Sin embargo, estos autores difieren en torno a las razones de tal inconclusión. Griswold la atribuye a una aporía teórica. Ross, en cambio, sostiene que tal aporía es inexistente, y que Adam Smith no completó su proyecto por la sola razón de su muerte. Tal recapitulación se constituirá en un punto de partida para una futura investigación sobre el sistema smithiano, en el marco de una reaproximación al debate sobre los orígenes históricos y filosóficos de la Economía Política en el seno del proyecto filosófico del siglo XVIII. ; Abstract: On the present essay we present a recapitulation of the debate between C. L. Griswold and I. S. Ross regarding the reasons why Adam Smith was not able to conclude his studies on Natural Jurisprudence. This exchange is appropriate in order to re-examinate Smith's intellectual project within the so-called Age of Enlightenment. Even though these two authors reach a common place when it comes to the general aims and ends of Smith's philosophical corpus –and to the fact that it remains incomplete–, they dissent on the reasons of such inconclusion: whereas Griswold alleges a theoretical aporia, Ross arguments that it was Smith's death what didn't allow him to conclude his previously announced task. This exercise of recapitulation stands as a point of departure from which we inaugurate future investigations concerning the historical and philosophical roots of Political Economy's birth, among the Enlightenment philosophical aspirations.

Resumen: El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo retratar las dimensiones sociales de las mujeres en la historia de la humanidad, su representación como subgénero en terminos de diferencias de acceso a espacios de poder y la dirección del camino del empoderamiento femenino en la esfera pública actual. En esta contribución de revisión teórica, la contextualización de lo femenino se desarrolla en categorías que encajan a la mujer en diferentes ángulos y teje también breves aspectos teóricos del discurso de género. Se hicieron algunas consideraciones sobre lo femenino en el contexto de los espacios políticos respecto al sexo femenino y su ubicación en las esferas públicas del poder. Se prefirió como metodología la revisión bibliográfica y el análisis crítico de los estudios científicos, atrayendo a autores clave que abordaron el tema, además de otros escritores de renombre que, por alguna razón, hablaron sobre la ubicación de lo femenino en la historia de la humanidad, favorable o desfavorablemente. Finalmente, se detallan propuestas específicas y breves observaciones sobre política, con el objetivo de comprender el papel de la representación social femenina y los desafíos de su inserción en la esfera pública a través de la coherencia de sus ideas, razones y palabras. ; Abstract: The objective of this work is to portray the social dimensions of women in the history of humanity, their representation as sub-gender and the direction of the path of female empowerment in the current public sphere. In this contribution, the contextualization of the feminine is developed in categories that fit women at different angles and also weaves brief theoretical aspects of gender discourse. Some considerations were made about the feminine in the context of political law, where, in our century, distorted interpretations regarding the feminine sex and its location in the public spheres of power were verified. Bibliographic review and critical analysis of scientific studies were preferred as a methodology, attracting key authors who addressed the subject, as well as other renowned writers who, for some reason, spoke about the location of the feminine in the history of humanity. , favorably or unfavorably. Finally, specific proposals and brief observations on politics are detailed, with the aim of understanding the role of female social representation and the challenges of its insertion in the public sphere through the coherence of its ideas, reasons and words.

As Singapore transitioned from economy that was primarily dependent on foreign direct investments (FDI) to a knowledge-based economy driven by indigenously developed science, technology and innovations, it became critical for the local firms to grow and internationalize. The government has thus invested heavily (of $19 billion from 2016 to 2020, and $25 billion from 2021 to 2015) in science and technology research and development. The Committee of Future Economy (CFE) concluded that in an era of rapid technological change where innovation cycles have shortened, one of economic strategy is to support our "high growth" enterprises to "scale up". However, the inherent constraints and geographical limitations of Singapore means that domestic market will not be able to support "large enterprises" compared to larger economies. To do so, firms need to innovate. The Singapore government has encouraged technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to enter overseas market through innovative products and services. However, little is known about the factors that these SMEs should inculcate in order to be innovative; what is needed for innovation orientation that has been found to be essential for innovations in SMEs. Innovation Orientation is a theoretical concept that describes the various factors of an innovative organizations that resulted in pro-active growth. Current literature and research in Innovation Orientation is largely based on established organization and from the perspective of USA and Europe. There is a research gap for countries with small domestic market and based in Asia. This research aims to fill this gap for Singapore technology-based SMEs. Using the case-study approach, 7 selected companies with high growth and global mindset were selected through semi-structured interviews. Such purposive criteria allow the identification of critical factors that contributed to the successful entry of Singapore Technology SMEs into overseas markets. Through this research, we contribute to existing literature where the internal factors leading to a firms' Innovation Orientation are clearly delineated and applied through the Innovation Culture and Innovation Constructs. We also discovered that, in addition to the internal factors that make for innovation orientation, there are external factors driven by government policy that featured in the cases. These findings provide pointers for policy makers on the various programmes, initiatives and instruments that are desired to successfully facilitate the Innovation Orientation of SMEs.

¿Puede el diseño condicionar nuestra conducta? ¿Puede condicionar cómo nos sentimos? ¿Puede modificar nuestra mente? Al paso del tiempo la práctica del diseño ha sido sinónimo de estética, modernidad y estatus, ha sido modificada por los medios y las herramientas tecnológicas, lo cual ha llegado a permitir la creación de un hábitat construido fusionado entre la información digital y el mundo real que habitamos utilizando técnicas novedosas con las cuales interactuamos hoy. Este artículo describe un acercamiento a la base conceptual de un nuevo paradigma dentro del diseño en general llamado Neurohábitat un paradigma repleto de oportunidades para la investigación, que parte del hecho de que el objeto final de este hábitat diseñado y construido son los sujetos que lo habitan y experimentan. Esto simboliza una práctica transhumanista que antepone el desarrollo de la experiencia y vida humana, al beneficio económico, político o de otra naturaleza de los sujetos. La incorporación de la ciencia al diseño podría representar el surgimiento de un nuevo avance para los planteamientos metodológicos y teóricos de la disciplina dentro de un mundo cada vez más cambiante y digitalizado. Palabras clave: Diseño, neurociencias, cognición, hábitat. AbstractCan design condition our behavior? Can it condition the way we feel? Can it modify our mindset? Over time, the practice of design has been synonymous with aesthetics, modernity and status, it has been modified by the media and technological tools, which has come to allow the creation of a built habitat fused between digital information and the real world we inhabit using novel techniques with which we interact today. This article describes an approach to the conceptual basis of a new paradigm within design in general called Neurohabitat, a paradigm full of opportunities for research, which starts from the fact that the final object of this designed and built habitat is the subjects that inhabit it. and they experiment. This symbolizes a transhumanist practice that puts the development of human experience and life before the economic, political or other benefits of the subjects. The incorporation of science into design could represent the emergence of a new advance for the methodological and theoretical approaches of the discipline within an increasingly changing and digitized world. Keywords Design: neurosciences, cognition, habitat.

Il presente lavoro di ricerca analizza il fenomeno delle buone prassi processuali, ossia regole pratiche sorte dal confronto ragionato e dalla negoziazione collettiva, formalizzate all'interno di accordi, denominati protocolli d'intesa, e ne individua la natura giuridica e la collocazione sistematica. In particolare, attraverso un'analisi empirica si giunge ad una serie di conclusioni teoriche, finora raramente affrontate dalla dottrina processualcivilistica, volte a dimostrare l'attuale complessità del sistema di disciplina del processo civile italiano. Il processo civile, infatti, non risulta regolato solamente dalla legge processuale (ossia dal codice di procedura civile, dalle sue leggi modificative e dalle norme extra-codicistiche), ma anche da fonti atipiche, ad efficacia non vincolante e meramente persuasiva che, nondimeno, presentano una certa rilevanza giuridica, influenzando di fatto l'esercizio dell'attività giurisdizionale ed occupando una posizione intermedia tra la legge e la sua applicazione pratica. Affrontate le problematiche inerenti alla compatibilità di un sistema così ricostruito con le garanzie costituzionali e, in particolare, con il principio di legalità, si giunge a ritenere che il sistema processuale sia attualmente in una fase evolutiva, sulla scia di un modello derivante dal mondo del common law e ripreso nel campo del diritto europeo. ; This research analyzes the role and the effect of the so called best practices (i.e. practical rules formalized in procedural agreements) in the Italian procedural system and identifies their legal nature. Through an empirical analysis, it comes to a series of theoretical conclusions, so far rarely discussed in literature, aimed at demonstrating the current complexity of the Italian civil procedural system. Civil litigation, in fact, is not only regulated by hard procedural law (i.e. code of civil procedure, it's amendments, and extra-codicem rules), but also by atypical sources, not binding and merely persuasive, which, however, have a certain legal relevance, influencing the exercise of judicial decisions and occupying an intermediary position between the law and its practical application. The research then addresses the issues related to the compatibility of a system thus reconstructed with the constitutional guarantees and, in particular, with the principle of legality, coming to believe that the procedural system is currently in an evolutionary phase, resulting from a model derived from common law systems as well as from European Union law.