Suchergebnisse

El artículo pretende aportar algunos trazos teóricos, metodológicos y prácticos para la lectura de la cuestión del Estado y el poder, desde la perspectiva de la gubernamentalidad sugerida por Foucault y sus herencias latinoamericanas. Se parte del supuesto de que en la actualidad argentina y salteña, la multiplicidad de lógicas y prácticas de gobierno que codifican al Estado y sus avatares encuentran una clara expresión en el gobierno de la pobreza y en los diagramas vinculares entre gobernados y gobernantes, tejidos en los móviles del poder y la resistencia. En esta dirección, se delinean dos ejes expositivos. Por un lado, una analítica de los conceptos y cuestiones sugeridas desde la propuesta de la gubernamentalidad; por otro lado, una aproximación al gobierno de la pobreza y con ello a dos casos que dan cuenta del entramado relacional entre gobernados-gobernantes y prácticas de gobierno, resistencia y autogobierno entre las cuales se configura y re-configura el rol del Estado. Apostando a una "una ontología del presente", se analizan formas de poder y resistencia que aún hoy en día se constituyen, reconfigurándose. Asimismo se sugiere un cruce metodológico entre genealogía y etnografía, en la apuesta a un ejercicio crítico de pensamiento a fines de contribuir a desnaturalizar y des-sustancializar las prácticas de gobierno, sus lógicas y nuestras conductas presentes. ; This article aims to provide some theoretical, methodological and practical devices about the question of the state and power, from the governmentality perspective suggested by Foucault and their Latin American heritage. It is assumed that in Argentina's and Salta's present, multiple logics and practices of government that codify the state and its vicissitudes are clearly expressed in the government of poverty and in relational frames between rulers and ruled, woven into power and resistance. It is proposed to place this exercise around two expositive axes, beginning with an analysis of concepts and suggested issues by the governmentality perspective; on the other hand an approach to the government of poverty, illustrating this through two case studies around relational frameworks between rulers and ruled, practices of government, resistance and self-government, which configures and reconfigures the state's role. This work brings into play "an ontology of the present", analyzing forms of power and resistance that still constitutes and reconfigures. It implies a methodological crossroad between genealogy and ethnography, contributing to denature governance practices and logics as well as our present behavior. ; Fil: Paulizzi, Maria Cora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones En Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Humanidades. Instituto de Investigaciones En Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades; Argentina ; Fil: Milana, Maria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones En Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Humanidades. Instituto de Investigaciones En Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades; Argentina

International audience Saudi Arabia relies heavily on oil-based generation to meet its power needs within a geographically unbalanced pattern of natural demand and supply. Many initiatives are currently being assessed to reduce the high opportunity cost of burning oil for the country. This paper examines the cost and implication of a disruptive policy where Saudi Arabia imports liquefied natural gas (LNG). To determine the possible and optimal sources to procure LNG into Saudi Arabia we use and configure a partial equilibrium model, specified as a linear programming problem. Two import scenarios were tested: the first assumes an import terminal with a capacity of 5 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) and the other scenario assumes 22 MTPA. Results show that Saudi Arabia can import LNG for power generation at a discount to the opportunity cost of oil. Especially during the summer months, as Saudi Arabia's gas demand is counter-seasonal to major importing regions it leads to even more interesting market pricing conditions. It also shows a small difference in landed cost of LNG between the two scenarios which implies the global LNG market can accommodate relatively large demand from Saudi Arabia without distorting significantly the global market pricing mechanism.

This paper aims to measure the efficiency of different road pricing schemes (Pigouvian tax, flat tax and cordon toll) to address congestion externalities when the locations of jobs and dwellings within a city are endogenous. The model captures the fact that commuters face a trade-off between taking advantage of the wage premium in the Central Business District (CBD) and being stuck in traffic. I find that the Pigouvian tax strategy is not a social optimum due to the presence of two market failures in the urban economy: congestion and misallocation of jobs within the city. A Pigouvian tax on commuters cannot solve two different problems simultaneously, namely, reducing the congestion level given the locations of jobs and reaching the optimal spatial allocation of firms. Without regulation, the number of jobs in the CBD is too high (and the congestion cost is excessive), while the Pigouvian tax generates a CBD that is too small. In addition, a flat tax is not necessarily worse than a Pigouvian tax, in contrast to the cordon toll.

the territorial food projects, known as PAT, were provided for in Article 39 of the Law of the Future for Agriculture, Food and Forestry (LOAAF) of 13 October 2014. This provision confirms that agriculture, and its policies, can no longer be considered independently of the food system in general. But it may also lead to food first being considered in the light of its effects on the agricultural sector. What is the case for four years and many initiatives later? Do the principle of the PAP, and its applications on the ground, lead to a break in territorial strategies and public policies relating to food and agriculture? Can it be expected in the future that stakeholders' views and practices will be broken? ; International audience ; the territorial food projects, known as PAT, were provided for in Article 39 of the Law of the Future for Agriculture, Food and Forestry (LOAAF) of 13 October 2014. This provision confirms that agriculture, and its policies, can no longer be considered independently of the food system in general. But it may also lead to food first being considered in the light of its effects on the agricultural sector. What is the case for four years and many initiatives later? Do the principle of the PAP, and its applications on the ground, lead to a break in territorial strategies and public policies relating to food and agriculture? Can it be expected in the future that stakeholders' views and practices will be broken? ; Les projets alimentaires territoriaux, connus sous l'acronyme PAT, ont été prévus dans l'article 39 de la Loi d'avenir pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et la forêt (LOAAF) du 13 octobre 2014. Cette disposition confirme que l'agriculture, et les politiques qui lui sont appliquées, ne peut désormais plus s'envisager de façon indépendante du système alimentaire en général. Mais elle peut aussi conduire à ce que l'alimentation soit d'abord considérée à l'aune de ses effets sur le secteur agricole. Quatre années et de multiples initiatives plus tard, qu'en est-il ? Le principe du PAT, ...

This empirical article deals with the location strategy and performance outcomes of franchised chains in Brazil. Brazilian franchising has experienced vertiginous process of expansion in recent years, being present in different regions of this country of continental size, including the most remote and less developed. Based on the background literature in economics and management regarding location choices and spatial competition in retailing, we use a new and unique dataset to distinguish several behavior categories in spatial strategies of franchising chains in Brazil, via a two-step cluster analysis. The performance outcomes are then studied with econometric estimations on panel data. Our results provide evidence that the choice for agglomeration, and the location in areas with a high population and a high human development index, lead to higher chain performances.

This manuscript is composed of 18 contributions studying interactions in complex systems. These contributions were presented at the international conference on Interactions in Complex Systems, organized at University of Orléans in June 2013. This multidisciplinary manuscript aims at presenting how different disciplines may see their research topic from the complex system perspective and how interactions are accounted for in these complex systems. In this manuscript, we find contributions in mathematics, physics, computer sciences, robotics, life sciences, economics, linguistic, humanities or science of educationThe book is split into 4 parts, each one approaching interactions in complex systems from a particular perspective. We have gathered contributions by approach rather than by studied topic, the latter way being, to our viewpoint, less relevant to this type of book. The first part of the book contains papers dealing with interactions at the system level. The included contributions address territory planning, the traveling of population in the Neolithic era or interactions in neuron populations.The second part collects articles studying \textbf{networks} and proposing different methods for their analysis. This part contains contributions on link prediction, on interaction analysis in communities learning, on the influence of the type of strategies updates (parallel or sequential) on the evolution of cooperation among humans, opinion dynamics or the social function of gossip. Articles included in the third part focus on the analysis of interactions in social communications. As such, this part gathers papers studying teacher-student relations, the modeling of the teacher's evaluative speech to study students' interactions and the effects on learning or the modeling of human communications. Finally, the last part of this book is devoted to the analysis of interactions between economic agents in different fields. Thereby, a contribution develops a methodology to forecast employability of students in Earth ...

International audience Securing public funding to conduct research and leading it by being a principal investigator (PI) is seen as significant career development step. Such a role brings professional prestige but also new responsibilities beyond research leadership to research management. If public funding brings financial and infrastructure support, little is understood about the inhibiting factors that publicly funded PIs face given the research autonomy offered by publicly funded research. Our study finds that there are three key PI inhibiting factors 1) political and environmental, 2) institutional and 3) project based. Traditional knowledge, skills and technical know-how of publicly funded PIs are insufficient to deal with the increasing managerial demands and expectations i.e. growing external bureaucracy of public funding agencies. Public funding is no longer the 'freest form of support' as suggested by Hackett (1990) and the inhibiting factors experienced by publicly funded PIs limits their research autonomy. We also argue that PIs have little influence in overcoming these inhibiting factors despite their central role in conducting publicly funded research.

This paper contributes to an institutional theory of crime. More specifically, it focuses on the problem of the Mafia and the infiltration of legitimate businesses. In legal markets, the Mafia resorts to artificial scarcity as a functioning principle. Although scarcity and its consequences for market economies are key aspects of mainstream economics, they have been insufficiently analyzed because the emphasis is only on 'natural' scarcity. The Mafia phenomenon reveals that scarcity can also be institutionally created. This type of scarcity encourages the process of market collectivization and empowers those generating it. The Mafia's legal activities establish a system of waiting-lines and monitored access to goods. Instead of being merely coercive and openly violent, the Mafia builds a new lasting order, producing its own rules and even breeding social legitimacy.

El libro aborda el panorama de la filosofía colombiana a partir de la década de 1940, cuando surgió el cultivo universitario de la filosofía y de cierta producción filosófica que se enmarca dentro de corrientes contemporáneas como la fenomenología o la teoría pura del derecho. Contiene escritos de Ruben Sierra Mejía, Rafael Carrillo, Cayetano Betancur, Luis E. Nieto Arteta, Jaime Vélez Sáenz, Danilo Cruz Vélez, Rafael Gutiérrez Girardot, Daniel Herrera Restrepo, Francisco Posada, Estanislao Zuleta y Guillermo Hoyos Vásquez.

Taking as its starting point María Cristina Redondo's book Positivismo jurídico "in-t e r n o", this article proposes an alternative conception of normativist legal positivism. The arti-cle argues that legal theory can be neutral to the extent that it is intersubjective and transparent regarding its own metaphysical premises. On the one hand, thus, the article aims to shed light on the role of metaphysics and common sense in the construction of the concept of law. On the other hand, it seeks to make more transparent the ethical-political choices that constitute legal discourses, including theoretical ones. To pursue these goals the article first analyzes Redondo's theses on the ontolog y / epistemolog y distinction and the possibility of objective knowledge, and advances the idea that inter-subjectivity, and not objectivity, should be the appropriate cri-terion for normativist legal positivism. Second, the article examines the role of normativity in normativist legal positivism, focusing on the metaphysical nature of the thesis that law belongs to the fields of normativity and practical reason. The following sections then discuss reductio-nist and anti-reductionist conceptions of legal "entities" (norms, normative statements, propo-sitions, and beliefs) and the theory of legal sources. The final section addresses the question of the axiological neutrality of legal theory and discusses the possibility of describing participants' internal point of view without committing to existing legal practice(s). ; El presente trabajo toma como punto de partida el libro Positivismo jurídico "inter-n o", de María Cristina Redondo, y propone una concepción alternativa de positivismo jurídico normativista. En el artículo se sostiene que la teoría del derecho puede ser neutral en la medida en que sea intersubjetiva y transparente en cuanto a sus propias premisas metafísicas. Los ob-jetivos del trabajo, entonces, son, por un lado, el de echar luz acerca del papel que cumplen la metafísica y el sentido común en la construcción del concepto de derecho; por el otro lado, el de hacer más abiertamente transparentes las elecciones ético-políticas que constituyen a los discursos jurídicos, incluidos los teóricos. El trabajo analiza las tesis de Redondo acerca de la distinción entre ontología y epistemología y la posibilidad de conocimiento objetivo: la idea central defendida es que la inter-subjetividad, y no la objetividad, debería ser el criterio apropia-do para el positivismo jurídico normativista. Luego se examina el rol de la normatividad en el positivismo jurídico normativista, enfocándose en la naturaleza metafísica de la tesis de que el derecho pertenece a los campos de la normatividad y la razón práctica. Las secciones siguientes examinan las concepciones reduccionistas y anti-reduccionistas sobre las "entidades" jurídicas (normas, enunciados normativos, proposiciones y creencias) y la teoría de las fuentes del dere-cho. La sección final aborda la cuestión de la neutralidad valorativa de la teoría jurídica y analiza la posibilidad de describir el punto de vista interno de los participantes sin asumir compromiso alguno con la práctica jurídica existente.

La tematización que Martin Heidegger realizó sobre la noción de "lo político" fue siempre subsidiaria respecto de la primacía que el autor de Sein und Zeit le asignó a la de πόλις, entendida como el sitio esencial en el que la historia se despliega. Contra Heidegger, sin embargo, la referencia a "lo político" se multiplica en la filosofía política contemporánea. En años recientes, de hecho, un "giro ontológico" en esta disciplina ha proclamado una distinción analítica entre "la política" —ámbito referido a las prácticas y expresiones empíricas de las relaciones de poder y toma de decisiones— y "lo político" —es decir, el modo en el que la sociedad es instituida. Paradójicamente, Heidegger fue entendido como el precursor teórico de esta maniobra, también denominada "diferencia política". Esta problemática re-apropriación de la "diferencia ontológica" heideggeriana indica que "la política" refiere al nivel de los entes, mientras que "lo político" tiene estricta relación con el ámbito del ser. Poniendo atención en la reflexión heideggeriana sobre das Politische, sin embargo, el presente texto problematiza esta re-apropiación contemporánea, considerando el problema teórico que está a la base de la transpolación de la ontología fundamental al ámbito de la política. En particular, se buscará mostrar la manera en la que Heidegger lidió con lo que puede ser entendido como una "fascinación por lo extra-ordinario", impugnando la omnipresencia de "lo político". Una interrogación guiará nuestra examinación, a saber: ¿Heidegger sucumbió ante esta fascinación? O más apropiadamente, ¿su obra resulta aprisionada entre la crítica a la imposición del esencialismo metafísico en la modernidad y una "fascinación por lo extraordinario" tal como la que es asumida inexaminadamente en el elogio contemporáneo de "lo político"? ; Martin Heidegger's thematization of the notion of das Politische was always secondary to the primacy he assigned to πόλις, understood as the essential site of history's unfolding. In contrast to Heidegger, reference to das Politische is becoming more prevalent in contemporary political philosophy. In recent years, in fact, an "ontological turn" in political philosophy has claimed an analytical distinction between "politics"—which refers to the manifold practices and empirical expressions of power relations and decision-making—and "the political"—understood as the way in which society is instituted. Paradoxically, however, several authors have traced Heidegger's notion of "ontological difference" as precursory to this theoretical maneuver called "political difference." This questionable re-appropriation of "ontological difference" assumes that "politics" refers to the level of beings, while "the political" strictly relates to the realm of being. Focusing on Heidegger's considerations on das Politische, my paper will problematize this contemporary re-appropriation by emphasizing the theoretical problem inherent to the extrapolation of politics from ontology. In particular, I will attempt to show how Heidegger dealt with what can be understood as a "fascination with the extraordinary" by rejecting the omnipresence of das Politische. The main question that guides my entire examination is whether Heidegger succumbed to this fascination. Or, more specifically, is Heidegger's work confined by his critique of the imposition of metaphysical essentialism in modernity and a "fascination with the extraordinary" that contemporary re-appropriations simply overlook in their adoption of "the political"?

El objetivo de esta investigación es el de entender la construcción del derecho internacional como un proceso de estructuración a través del estudio de la redefinición de las redes normativas relativas al comportamiento de las formas privadas de violencia. Para dar alcance a este objetivo, se ha escogido al constructivismo como marco teórico. Esta elección se sustenta en contar con una teoría que facilite un análisis multinivel de regímenes jurídicos y cuya ontología sea fuertemente ideacionalista para ofrecer una lectura alternativa del proceso histórico en el que las normas y el comportamiento de los agentes se coconstituyen (estructuran). Como unidades de análisis preponderantes se han escogido a los actores legitimadores, individuos cuyos actos de lenguaje preforman el comportamiento de unidades jurídico/políticas e interactúan con las normas para reafirmarlas, redefinirlas o contravenirlas. El proceso de estructuración que de allí resulta da origen a la conformación de redes normativas interdependientes. En el caso concreto, se estudiarán las redes normativas de dos formas de violencia cuyo proceso de legitimación ha sido intensamente reivindicado como resistido: los mercenarios y las Compañías Militares de Seguridad Privada. Al reconstruir las redes normativas de cada una de ambas formas y contrastarlas, se busca aportar al debate sobre el papel del Estado y la violencia en la sociedad. La metodología por utilizar para este cometido parte de un análisis cualitativo-interpretativo que combina la genealogía y el análisis de contenido como técnicas. ; The objective of this research is to understand the construction of international law as a structuring process through the study of the redefinition of web of norms related to the behavior of private forms of violence. To achieve this goal, constructivism has been chosen as a theoretical framework. This choice is based on having a theory that facilitates a multilevel analysis of legal regimes and whose ontology is strongly ideational to offer an alternative reading of the historical process in which the rules and behavior of the agents are co-constituted (structured). As preponderant units of analysis, legitimacy actors have been chosen, individuals whose acts of language preform the behavior of legal / political units and interact with the norms to reaffirm, redefine or contravene them. The structuring process that results there gives rise to the formation of interdependent regulatory networks. In the specific case, the normative networks of two forms of violence whose legitimization process has been intensely claimed as resisted will be studied: the mercenaries and the Private Security Military Companies. By reconstructing the normative networks of each of these two forms and contrasting them, we seek to contribute to the debate on the role of the State and violence in society. The methodology to be used for this purpose is based on a qualitative-interpretative analysis that combines genealogy and content analysis as techniques. ; 2021-04-09 01:01:01: Script de automatizacion de embargos. info:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2021-04-09

En la Imaginación de los piaroas, habitantes selváticos de la región amazónica venezolana, el "blanco" es un gigantesco monstruo conquistador, su "señor de la selva". Este trabajo presenta a esta figura gigantesca en el contexto del discurso de los piaroas sobre el forastero en general y demuestra que el énfasis dado radica ante todo en la fuerza y no en la inferioridad del forastero. La preocupación de los indígenas es por la persona misma, por la absurdidad y peligrosidad del poder humano, así como también por sus fuerzas positivas. Al demostrar que los piaroas consideran al "blanco" como un ser exótico, este trabajo opone el etnocentrismo de los nativos americanos con la visión europea sobre el forastero, especialmente en lo que respecta al continente americano, a la forma cómo se ha desarrollado éste en los tiempos de la conquista. Se argumenta que la visión europea sobre el forastero se presenta en relación con la jerarquía política y desigualdad social, mientras que la visión amazónica está vinculada con igualdad política y social. Los piaroas no considerarían como inferiores a "los otros", a los que no pertenecen a su sociedad, aunque sean monstruos caníbales, para, por tal razón y con todo derecho, someterlos a su dominio. En la ontología de los piaroas — que es de suma igualdad —, los seres rapaces se convierten en la presa de su propia caza. Los límites entre ellos y los otros no están trazados tan nítidamente como en la visión europea, donde los unos excluyen a los otros en alto grado. ; The most powerful image of white people in the imagery of the Piaroa, jungle dwellers of the Venezuelan Amazon Territory, is a giant conquistador ogre who is their Master of the Jungle. The paper places the figure of this monstrous spirit being within the context of the Piaroa discourse upon alterity in general, and notes that the stress is most saliently upon the potency, rather than the inferiority, of the stranger. The indigenous concern is with the human predicament itself, and upon the absurdities and danger as well as the positive strength of human power. Also, in unfolding the Piaroa view of white people as exotic beings, the paper contrasts the Native American ethnocentrisms with that of European discourse upon alterity, especially of the Americas as it developed during the period of the Conquest. The argument is that the European images of otherness must be set within the context of political hierarchy and social asymmetry, while the Amazonian case is one of political egalitarianism and social symmetry. The Piaroa would not judge external others, even if cannibal monsters, as inferior beings who were therefore rightfully subject to Piaroa domination. In the Piaroa highly egalitarian ontology of existence, predators are the prey of their own prey, and thus the boundary between self and other is not so clear cut as the Eurocentric discourse which is highly exclusive in its view of humanity.

While there is a fairly extensive literature on the relationship between weather and productivity, little research has focused on the impact of weather on judicial activity. The findings from the few investigations conducted arrive at different conclusions depending on the country. We contribute to this area of research by conducting the first analysis using French data. We propose an empirical analysis of the impact of outdoor temperature and rainfall levels on court decisions made in French courts of appeal during divorce proceedings, based on a sample of approximately 4,000 court decisions correlated with daily and geo-localized meteorological data. The analysis focuses on decisions regarding the amount of child support to be paid. We show that, all other things being equal, when it is very hot at night preceding the judgment, the panels of judges tend to set lower amounts of child support.

International audience This paper analyses the economic impact of agricultural research on productivity in France over the period 1959-2012. Adopting a dynamic time series model, we provide evidence that the impact of French agricultural research is in the range of values estimated for other countries, with the estimated long-run elasticity being 0.16, which corresponds to an internal rate of return of 22%. The estimated elasticity decreases at the beginning of the 1970s. Complementary analyses are developed to take into account the evolution of the priorities of public agricultural research (reorientation towards more fundamental objectives and focus on broader objective than productivity enhancement).