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On 1 July 2012 two significant new tax regimes commenced in Australia: a resource or mining tax and a carbon tax/emissions trading scheme ("ETS"). Both of these regimes have been highly controversial and, indeed experimental. Policy makers around the globe have watched with interest both the political economy leading to their introduction and their design features. It can be expected that the success or otherwise of their operation will be monitored. This paper seeks to outline the political economy surround their introduction. The evidence is that the Government may have induced or even deceived into introducing a mining tax that will be quite ineffective. Similar concerns might be levied in relation to the carbon tax/ETS. In any event, the future of both taxes is not assured.

Utilizing a political history approach, this thesis presents an account of two distinct, but interrelated narratives of change. Firstly, it presents Castlereagh?s political thought as a process, and seeks to present Castlereagh?s policies as uniquely flexible due to his ends driven political tendencies. The evidence of Castlereagh?s development, on a broad swathe of prominent legislative and ideological debates is then analyzed within the larger context of the second ?great and sudden change? brought about by the impact of economic reforms, both supported and opposed by the Liverpool government, in the years that followed the end of the Napoleonic Wars. ; TARA (Trinity?s Access to Research Archive) has a robust takedown policy. Please contact us if you have any concerns: rssadmin@tcd.ie

Every person in this society is a consumer. The social and economic welfare of consumers is also the duty of the Government in a welfare state model. How it can be achieved is a challenging question. One answer is the application of effective competition in a free market economy. Perfect competition entails that there are many buyers and many sellers and the market forces determine the prices and quality of goods. Presence of effective competition leads to the efficient utilization of material resources and hence benefits the society as a whole. This paper discusses the importance of competition in a free market economy. The competition policy that is in force in India is also discussed. The paper finally argues that efficient competition in a market leads to social and economic welfare of the people.

This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the relationship between austerity measures and economic growth. We propose a general equilibrium model where (i) agents have recursive preferences; (ii) economic growth is endogenously driven by investments in R&D; (iii) the government is committed to a zero-deficit policy and finances public expenditures by means of a combination of labor taxes and R&D taxes. We find that austerity measures that rely on reducing resources available to the R&D sector depress economic growth both in the short- and long-run. High debt EU members are currently implementing austerity measures based on higher taxes and/or lower investments in the R&D sector. This casts some doubts on the real ability of these countries to grow over the next years.

To systematically address critical needs in the state, the South Carolina Energy Office has focused its 2006-2007 Strategic Plan on efforts to assist the public sector, including state agencies, school districts, colleges and universities, and local governments. Public sector assistance provides maximum benefit to our citizens, as improvements in operating efficiency allow more resources to be spent on programs to better our state. The Strategic Plan concentrates on six areas: Energy Efficiency and Conservation in Facilities, Transportation Conservation and Diversification, Energy Information and Awareness, Renewable Energy and Utilities, Radioactive Waste Disposal Program and an Innovative and Supportive Work Environment. Each of these program areas increases the productivity of the public sector while providing energy information and policy guidance for the public at large.

In the context of inadequate public spending on health care in India (0.9% of the GDP); government liberalized its policies in the form of subsidized lands and tax incentives, resulting in the mushrooming of private hospitals and clinics in India. Paradoxically, a robust framework was not developed for the regulation of these health care providers, resulting in disorganized health sector, inadequate financing models, and lack of prioritization of services, as well as a sub-optimal achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). We systematically reviewed the evidence base regarding regulation of private hospitals, applicability of private-public mix, state of health insurance and effective policy development for India, while seeking lessons on regulation of private health systems, from South African (a developing country) and Australian (a developed country) health care systems.

The concept of resilience has gained currency as a motif under which governments have sought to improve their responses to crises. At the heart of this agenda is an understanding that crisis management must be adaptable. Yet crises continue to expose the intransigent nature of central bureaucracies. This article addresses this issue by exploring how bureaucratic values can affect the ability of agents to adapt to the challenges of crises. Data are generated from a series of interviews with crisis managers who operate in a policy chain that connects the European Union to the United Kingdom. The data indicate that two well‐entrenched bureaucratic value‐sets, relating to efficiency and procedural rationality, have profound consequences for the resilience agenda.

This study was undertaken for the Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System of Southern Africa (ReSAKSS‐SA) with the purpose of identifying country‐specific needs for strategic agricultural policy analysis, investment planning and implementation, monitoring and evaluation (M&E), and knowledge management. It also aimed to identify the capacities needed in the short, medium, and long term to strengthen SAKSS in Mozambique. Mozambique's agricultural sector is the major source of income and the base for food security for the majority of the population. However, food insecurity and chronic malnutrition are still Mozambique's major challenges. The government of Mozambique, in collaboration with partners, has been engaged in designing and implementing policies, strategies, programs, and projects aimed at improving the agriculture sector's performance. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; ReSAKSS ; DSGD; WCAO; ESAO

According to the Swedish government, entrepreneurship is supposed to "run like a read thread" through the education system. Teachers are in their teaching required to stimulate skills that are vital for entrepreneurship. This study problematizes the relation between school subjects and enterprise learning from a discourse analytical approach. The point of departure is policy documents and research on entrepreneurship in schools. By using interviews with teachers and a principal, interpretations and understanding of enterprise learning is analyzed. The results show that teachers emphasize the concepts connection with real life and creating meaningfulness in their rhetoric, but by omitting the didactic questions why and for whom, tend both the concepts creating meaningfulness and connection with real lift to deal with teachers' experiences and understanding and not on pupils' learning.

Methodological issues of historical research on architecture and town planning of the Soviet period are represented in the article within a new paradigm, which is called by the author 'a political history of Soviet architecture and town planning'. Its subject is how architects that became 'government officials' were made dependent on the power, how housing and town-planning policy was predetermined by external circumstances and how designing was considered as production but not as creation. ; В статье формулируются методологические вопросы исторических исследований архитектуры и градостроительства советского периода в рамках новой парадигмы, называемой автором политической историей советской архитектуры и градостроительства. Ее предметом является характер зависимости деятельности архитекторов, превращенных в «государственных служащих» от власти, а также степень предопределенности жилищной и градостроительной политики внешними обстоятельствами, рассмотрение проектирования не как творчества, а как производства.

This article provides an overview of corruption and state capture in Albanian public administration and describes the solutions adopted to fight corruption by the government since 1998. Conflict of interest is a new aspect of concern in the policy agendas. OECD countries have recently adopted guidelines for managing the phenomenon, which will be then transferred to eastern European countries. Corruption is rarely treated as a management problem, in part because for obvious reasons as data are scarce and in part because the literature is thin and tentative, with few theoretical frameworks. Also rare is analysis of how corruption has been or might be reduced. The state of research on corruption is such that there is little inductive theory or statistical evidence about the kinds of policies that work under particular conditions.

Significance This study sheds light on how 9/11 catalyzed long-term changes in the political behaviors of victims’ families and neighbors. Political changes among associates of victims are important because system shocks like 9/11 can lead to rapid policy shifts, and relatives of victims often become leaders advocating for such shifts. I build upon prior research on the behavioral effects of tragic events by using a unique method of analysis. Rather than utilizing surveys, I link together individual-level government databases from before and after 9/11, and I measure the changes in the affected populations relative to similar populations that did not lose a relative or neighbor. The method I outline may prove useful in future studies of human behavior.

The ongoing crisis of the US economy is the result of the US government's neoliberal policies since the 1980s. The market liberalization and global economic integration advocated by neoliberalism hollows out industry, generates asset bubbles instead, and results in structural unemployment and the transfer of labor to sectors of the virtual economy. The severe financial crisis triggered by the collapse of the latest and greatest of the asset bubbles, the housing bubble, has led the unemployment rate of the United States to rise sharply. In contrast, Chinese economic policies have resulted in tremendous economic achievements. As such they pose a big challenge to the neoliberal policy paradigm of the United States. The US government's numerous false accusations against the Chinese government are little more than futile attempts to deny this.