Suchergebnisse

In an obituary, personal memories of Quincy Wright are recalled from 1947 on. Quincy Wright was in charge of the Instit sponsored by the Norman Wait Harris Memorial Foundation of the U of Chicago. Further contact with Wright occurred when he & the author became part of the staff of UNESCO in Paris. Wright's commitment to the cause of world peace is pointed out. His contribution, 'The Value for Conflict Resolution of a General Discipline of International Relations' started the Journal of Conflict Resolution on its way. 3 of the author's discoveries about Quincy's personality stand out: (1) Quincy was 'almost unbelievably modest.' (2) He kept his pioneering spirit to the end & showed great interest in what was going on at Michigan, eager to pick up leads that might take his own res in new directions. (3) He was young at heart, liked to meet young people, talk about their work & their plans, & give them the benefit of his counsel. He was generous of his time & knowledge. M. Maxfield.

In a study of personal influence networks instrumental in the decision to participate in assoc sponsored teaching conferences, the members of 5 professional societies were interviewed. Interpersonal contact was found to be more prominent than the MM as conference participation became increasingly salient. Contrary to earlier res, separate soc networks were not found to be instrumental at diff points in time, the reason being that early contacts were members of soc, professional, & org'al networks interlocked by common membership. This finding is consistent with the interpretation that early contacts are with friends while later discussions are with persons usually seen in a more formal context. Finally, personal influence was found to be more crucial in converting the neophyte (changing behavior) & reinforcing earlier modes of behavior than in recapturing the person who deviates from an earlier pattern. AA.

Abstract
In introducing this special issue on Japanese outside of Japan, this article sets the scene by providing an overview of the genesis and trajectories of the Japanese diaspora which examines the history of international population movements, demographic transitions, educational orientations and language situations in the resulting communities. It touches upon: (a) the disappearance of the oldest nihon machi (Japan towns) formed by fleeing samurai and traders as refugee and trade diasporas; (b) the emergence of Nikkei (Japanese ancestry) identities in Japanese labour diaspora communities; (c) the obsolescence of varieties of Japanese learnt/acquired during childhood in imperial diaspora contexts, along with the employment and integration of Japanese borrowings in the local languages; (d) the contrast in the social lives and language situations in global Japanese diaspora communities between affluent long-term residents living within Japanese norms, on the one hand, and, on the other, permanent residents seeking personal freedom from these norms; and (e) the contrasting social realities in contemporary Japan of returnee children of Japanese diplomats and expatriate Japanese business executives as a new privileged class, on the one hand, and returnee Nikkei Latin Americans working as foreign labourers in Japan, on the other. Given the wide range of historical and socio-economic contexts in which the Japanese diaspora found itself, we conclude that it continues to provide a rich seam of potential sociolinguistic enquiry, which may provide an illustrative framework serving as a possible model for the historicised analysis of diasporic sociolinguistic complexities in other world contexts.

The spread of mobile communication, most obtrusively as cell phones but increasingly in other wireless devices, is affecting people's lives and relationships to a previously unthought-of extent. Mobile phones, which are fast becoming ubiquitous, affect either directly or indirectly every aspect of our personal and professional lives. They have transformed social practices and changed the way we do business, yet surprisingly little serious academic work has been done on them. This 2002 book, with contributions from the foremost researchers in the field, studies the impact of the mobile phone on contemporary society from a social scientific perspective. Providing a comprehensive overview of mobile phones and social interaction, it comprises an introduction covering the key issues, a series of unique national studies and a final section examining specific issues

Despite the global zoonotic disease burden, the underlying exposures that drive zoonotic disease emergence are not understood. Here, we aimed to assess exposures to potential sources of zoonotic disease and investigate the demographics, attitudes, and behavior of individuals with sustained occupational animal contact in Vietnam. We recruited 581 animal workers (animal-raising farmers, slaughterers, animal health workers, and rat traders) and their families in southern and central Vietnam into a cohort. Cohort members were followed for 3 years and interviewed annually regarding (1) demography and attitudes regarding zoonotic disease, (2) medical history, (3) specific exposures to potential zoonotic infection sources, and (4) socioeconomic status. Interview information over the 3 years was combined and analyzed as cross-sectional data. Of the 297 cohort members interviewed, the majority (79.8%; 237/297) reported raising livestock; almost all (99.6%; 236/237) reported being routinely exposed to domestic animals, and more than a quarter (28.7%; 68/237) were exposed to exotic animals. Overall, 70% (208/297) reported slaughtering exotic animals; almost all (99.5%; 207/208) reported consuming such animals. The consumption of raw blood and meat was common (24.6%; 73/297 and 37%; 110/297, respectively). Over half (58.6%; 174/297) reported recent occupational animal-induced injuries that caused bleeding; the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was limited. Our work demonstrates that individuals working with animals in Vietnam are exposed to a wide range of species, and there are limited procedures for reducing potential zoonotic disease exposures. We advocate better education, improved animal security, and enforced legislation of PPE for those with occupational animal exposure in Vietnam.

No one should underestimate the importance of offering a personal touch when working with students who may face multiple barriers to enrollment and completion, said the Vice President of Enrollment Management and Student Success at Monroe County Community College in Michigan. Scott Behrens, Ph.D., still finds the phone calls he places to students to be among his favorite aspects of the job.

Contact tracing, quarantine and isolation are core communicable disease control measures used by public health departments as part of a comprehensive case ascertainment and management strategy. These are practices with historic roots enabled by state laws and policies, and have been used by other countries to slow and stop the spread of COVID-19. To date, their implementation as part of U.S. response efforts at the national, state, and local levels has been confounded by the scale of the COVID-19 outbreak; lack of a systemic infectious disease response; insufficient and fragmented funding streams; low levels of public accountability; and concerns about the impact of such efforts on individual privacy, liberty, and travel rights, as well as the financial and personal costs that may arise out of a positive diagnosis. Recommendations have been offered by expert groups on both the scaling up of contact tracing and ensuring ethical implementation of such measures. One state has passed legislation establishing an oversight framework for state contact tracing and associated data collection and use. Legal challenges to interstate quarantine rules have, thus far, been unsuccessful. Recommendations include: appropriating federal funding adequate to mount and sustain rapid, comprehensive, culturally-appropriate state and local testing, treatment, contact tracing, and supported quarantine and isolation service efforts; building contact tracing systems that cover social as well as health care supports for those affected; and, to bolster trust and participation in public health efforts, implement contact tracing-related health communication efforts targeted to reach the diverse array of communities affected by the epidemic.

The recent unprecedented threat from COVID-19 and past epidemics, such as SARS, AIDS, and Ebola, has affected millions of people in multiple countries. Countries have shut their borders, and their nationals have been advised to self-quarantine. The variety of responses to the pandemic has given rise to data privacy concerns. Infection prevention and control strategies as well as disease control measures, especially real-time contact tracing for COVID-19, require the identification of people exposed to COVID-19. Such tracing frameworks use mobile apps and geolocations to trace individuals. However, while the motive may be well intended, the limitations and security issues associated with using such a technology are a serious cause of concern. There are growing concerns regarding the privacy of an individual's location and personal identifiable information (PII) being shared with governments and/or health agencies. This study presents a real-time, trust-based contact-tracing framework that operates without the use of an individual's PII, location sensing, or gathering GPS logs. The focus of the proposed contact tracing framework is to ensure real-time privacy using the Bluetooth range of individuals to determine others within the range. The research validates the trust-based framework using Bluetooth as practical and privacy-aware. Using our proposed methodology, personal information, health logs, and location data will be secure and not abused. This research analyzes 100,000 tracing dataset records from 150 mobile devices to identify infected users and active users.

Abstract: Despite the global zoonotic disease burden, the underlying exposures that drive zoonotic disease emergence are not understood. Here, we aimed to assess exposures to potential sources of zoonotic disease and investigate the demographics, attitudes, and behavior of individuals with sustained occupational animal contact in Vietnam. We recruited 581 animal workers (animal-raising farmers, slaughterers, animal health workers, and rat traders) and their families in southern and central Vietnam into a cohort. Cohort members were followed for 3 years and interviewed annually regarding (1) demography and attitudes regarding zoonotic disease, (2) medical history, (3) specific exposures to potential zoonotic infection sources, and (4) socioeconomic status. Interview information over the 3 years was combined and analyzed as cross-sectional data. Of the 297 cohort members interviewed, the majority (79.8%; 237/297) reported raising livestock; almost all (99.6%; 236/237) reported being routinely exposed to domestic animals, and more than a quarter (28.7%; 68/237) were exposed to exotic animals. Overall, 70% (208/297) reported slaughtering exotic animals; almost all (99.5%; 207/208) reported consuming such animals. The consumption of raw blood and meat was common (24.6%; 73/297 and 37%; 110/297, respectively). Over half (58.6%; 174/297) reported recent occupational animal-induced injuries that caused bleeding; the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was limited. Our work demonstrates that individuals working with animals in Vietnam are exposed to a wide range of species, and there are limited procedures for reducing potential zoonotic disease exposures. We advocate better education, improved animal security, and enforced legislation of PPE for those with occupational animal exposure in Vietnam.

Despite the global zoonotic disease burden, the underlying exposures that drive zoonotic disease emergence are not understood. Here, we aimed to assess exposures to potential sources of zoonotic disease and investigate the demographics, attitudes, and behavior of individuals with sustained occupational animal contact in Vietnam. We recruited 581 animal workers (animal-raising farmers, slaughterers, animal health workers, and rat traders) and their families in southern and central Vietnam into a cohort. Cohort members were followed for 3 years and interviewed annually regarding (1) demography and attitudes regarding zoonotic disease, (2) medical history, (3) specific exposures to potential zoonotic infection sources, and (4) socioeconomic status. Interview information over the 3 years was combined and analyzed as cross-sectional data. Of the 297 cohort members interviewed, the majority (79.8%; 237/297) reported raising livestock; almost all (99.6%; 236/237) reported being routinely exposed to domestic animals, and more than a quarter (28.7%; 68/237) were exposed to exotic animals. Overall, 70% (208/297) reported slaughtering exotic animals; almost all (99.5%; 207/208) reported consuming such animals. The consumption of raw blood and meat was common (24.6%; 73/297 and 37%; 110/297, respectively). Over half (58.6%; 174/297) reported recent occupational animal-induced injuries that caused bleeding; the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was limited. Our work demonstrates that individuals working with animals in Vietnam are exposed to a wide range of species, and there are limited procedures for reducing potential zoonotic disease exposures. We advocate better education, improved animal security, and enforced legislation of PPE for those with occupational animal exposure in Vietnam. ; Peer reviewed

Researchers have been investigating the effect of personalizing the researcher's contacts with potential R's in a mail survey. 6 hypotheses on the relationship between personalization strategies were formulated which include the notion that 1 or more personal contacts in the introductory strategy will produce: (1) lower item response to personal questions, (2) higher returns than impersonal contacts, (3) a higher incidence of distorted replies, (4) no significant response differential will exist between a personal & impersonal follow-up, (5) a personal follow-up will produce lower item response to personal questions than an impersonal follow-up, & (6) a personal follow-up will produce a higher incidence of distorted replies than an impersonal follow-up. Results from the tested hypotheses include: (A) the user of mail surveys need only personalize the advance notice to improve total response to personal questions, (B) researchers should be aware that distortion in the reporting of family income is associated with a personal cover letter; & (C) the nature of the follow-up has no differential impact on response rate, item response, & incidence of response distortion. Personal contacts are more expensive than impersonal contacts, but the benefits are greater from the standpoint of returned questionnaires & the quantity of information obtained. 2 Tables. B. Miller.

For more than 50 years chlorhexidine has been widely used as a medical disinfectant, as an additive for wound dressings or as a preservative in many cosmetic products, personal care products and drugs. In the last two decades, reports of immediate-type reactions to chlorhexidine reaching from localized urticaria to anaphylactic shock began to appear more frequently. However, the prevalence of contact urticaria and anaphylaxis due to chlorhexidine remains unknown. In this article, we reviewed the literature using PubMed, entering queries for 'chlorhexidine anaphylaxis', 'chlorhexidine contact urticaria' and 'chlorhexidine allergy'. In total we reviewed 66 case reports. Twenty reactions occurred when chlorhexidine was applied to damaged skin surfaces, 27 patients showed an immediate-type reaction when chlorhexidine was applied to mucous membranes. Sixteen reports, all but one of them from Japan, concerned anaphylactic reactions after introduction of a chlorhexidine-coated central venous catheter. Slight damage to the epidermal barrier or application to mucous membranes seems to enhance the immediate reaction to chlorhexidine. Life-threatening shocks may be provoked even by application of chlorhexidine at its lowest bactericidal concentration. The diagnosis was confirmed by prick testing, intradermal testing or scratch testing. In 16 case reports, more than one severe immediate-type reaction occurred, because chlorhexidine had not been identified as the cause of one or more earlier episodes, suggesting that severe anaphylactic reactions to chlorhexidine are still not well recognized.

After the Schengen Agreement entered into force in 1995, most of the old internal checkpoints, in particular the peripheral ones, remained abandoned and out of service. Still their presence allows viewers and occasional passers-by to find significant traces of a recent history of political, economic, and social fragmentation. Ignacio Evangelista's series of photographs "After Schengen" moves from a very personal experience to show this reality. Borders separate homogeneous landscapes, introduce unnatural fractures to mark domains, create antagonisms and hostilities that sharpen right along the territorial margins. Checkpoints are guarded thresholds, points of contact, transit, exchange. Through an analysis of Evangelista's photos, the contribution offers a reflection on the power of agency bording crossings holds and their impact in the construction of a European cohesion.