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Systematicity is an important characteristic of the integrity of knowledge in the modern scientific knowledge and one of the important aspects of the organization of their transmission. The system interpretation of knowledge about complex objects is most adequate for their operation and development. In accordance with the fact that advertising is becoming principle on the field of mass communications, it becomes more interesting for scientists as a system that operates by its own rules and is used to achieve the goal of communicators who have well known techniques which calls to the conscious and subconscious levels of the human mind. Thus, in recent advertising it is based on approach to interpreting this as a sign system with its own means of reflection and interpretation of reality. In the parametric General Theory of System A. I. Uiemov developed a system-wide characteristics or properties that characterize any items which were presented in the form of system models - the system-wide parameters. Specific characteristics of the relationships and properties are the elements to all systems without exception. The system is definitive when it has define concept, structure and substrate. A. I. Uiemov also considered certain principles of classification systems. He proposed to classify the system parameters on the system research aspects of the object, or the categorical characteristics of the system parameter. Classification of system parameters is based on his identification system and corresponds some formal definitions. A. I. Uiemov considered two groups of such parameters: 1) attribute system parameters; 2) relational system-wide a powerful tool of socialization of the individual, prevention and behavioral deviations of value, even though today the majority of cases it is stipulated certain phenomenon or criticism without offering reasonable alternatives. It is experiencing a period of relatively active development and acquires its own specificity, due to social and political and social and cultural reasons. In this case social advertising, taking into account its potential and realized functions, is increasingly attached to the creation of general advertising myth that reflects and forms the life view of society world members by offering and maintaining valuable references and ideas. Social advertising is an integral part of all three sectors of social work (public services, social business (which in Ukraine is actually absent) and nongovernmental organizations),organizing large-scale advertising campaigns. Its amount, and types and thematic range gradually increase, but the social advertising is not always clear, does not adequately address the problem of the target audience, does not use in full of the entire arsenal of promotional products effects because of this the expected social impact is partial and mosaic. Social advertising has its positive impact and is essential for the development of society itself. With its improvements, determining the precise range of manufacturers, publishers, and bringing to its creation specialists in the social and psychological problems, it will help improve the Ukrainian society. Social advertising today is an effective tool to influence the mindset of people, close to the ideology, morality, religion, and modern mythmaking is able to perform axiological and humanistic function, to build a democratic society humanistic installation mass consciousness. Social advertising on the one hand can cause a positive response in the community, contribute to the harmonization of relations, enhance social activity of the population, on the other hand created on position of subjectivity, without assessing the real social needs of its audience, may contribute to social aggression. Therefore, the development and implementation of projects of social advertising requires a complex interdisciplinary research aimed at identifying factors contributing to the realization of its potential. Broadcasting in society human and national values, social advertising expands and forms a cultural basis of society, «social capital», which gradually begins to affect economic development. ; Социальная реклама рассмотрена как система с точки зрения общей параметрической теории систем А. И. Уемова. Системная интерпретация знаний о сложных объектах наиболее адекватна характеру их функционирования и развития. В соответствии с тем, что реклама приобретает все больший вес в сфере массовых коммуникаций, она начинает интересовать ученых как система, функционирующая по своим законам и пользуется для достижения поставленной цели издавна известными приемами обращения к человеческой психике на сознательном и подсознательном уровнях. В последнее время к рекламе применяют подходы, основанные на понимании ее как знаковой системы со своими средствами отражения и трактовки действительности. ; Соціальну рекламу розглянуто як систему з точки зору загальної параметричної теорії систем. А. І.Уйомова. Системна інтерпретація знань про складні об'єкти найбільш адекватна характеру їхнього функціонування та розвитку. Відповідно до того, що реклама набуває все більшої ваги у сфері масових комунікацій, вона починає цікавити науковців як система, що функціонує за власними законами й використовує задля досягнення поставленої комунікаторами мети здавна відомі прийоми апелювання до людської психіки на свідомому та підсвідомому рівнях. Так, останнім часом до реклами застосовують підходи, засновані на витлумаченні її як знакової системи зі своїми засобами віддзеркалення та трактування дійсності. Фаріда Тихомірова, Павло Тихоміров СИСТЕМНА МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ РЕКЛАМИСоціальну рекламу розглянуто як систему з точки зору загальної параметричної теорії систем. А. І.Уйомова. Системна інтерпретація знань про складні об'єкти найбільш адекватна характеру їхнього функціонування та розвитку. Відповідно до того, що реклама набуває все більшої ваги у сфері масових комунікацій, вона починає цікавити науковців як система, що функціонує за власними законами й використовує задля досягнення поставленої комунікаторами мети здавна відомі прийоми апелювання до людської психіки на свідомому та підсвідомому рівнях. Так, останнім часом до реклами застосовують підходи, засновані на витлумаченні її як знакової системи зі своїми засобами віддзеркалення та трактування дійсності. соціальна реклама; система цінностей; знакова система; атрибутивні системні параметри; комунікативна практика. Farida Tykhomirova Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University Pavlo Tykhomirov

During my recent visit to Sydney (Australia), I was fascinated by the range of choices people have when it comes to using public open space. Not only are large green spaces readily available such as parks and golf courses, as well as pedestrianised and landscaped urban streets, but an entire hierarchy of space continues down to the provision of individual benches in small vest-pocket parks across the city, even at all bus stops. The sheer variety of activities catered for is immense. For example, if we take a cross section through the main road which encompasses Centennial Park, we have designated areas for pets, a cycle and skateboarding track, a unidirectional traffic system, a wide pedestrian pathway used for walking and running, a horse-riding track and then wide expanses of open space. In these areas other activities are then catered for – football, rugby, tennis, seating for conversation, picnic areas beside indigenous plants and trees, and bodies of water where wildlife such as fish and a great variety of bird life can be studied. In addition, barbecue stands and seating areas are provided with appropriate collection of all waste, an activity that chimes with Australia's multicultural population. Everything is properly regulated, laws are enforced, fines are allocated for infringements, and provision made for recycling all waste. The public is informed of the rule system at all gates into the park, and provision is made for a limited but adequate number of food outlets, coffee stalls, and one first class restaurant. Clean toilets are provided close to all entrances and these are respected by everyone. Of note is that no trash can be seen anywhere, despite the park being used by thousands of people on a daily basis. All of this of course begins with five necessary features. First the consciousness of a public realm ensured by the state with access for all citizens. Second, a willingness by government to accommodate and maintain the scale and complexity of recreational activity, both active and passive, as a right, for the whole population – children, young and old people, individuals with disability and others. Third, a planning system whose primary function is to cater for these needs as a priority which overrides private sector encroachment into the public realm. Fourth, a public that insists on its rights to a public realm, and is prepared to enforce such rights by its own correct attitudes and behaviour. Finally there must be a guaranteed enforcement of public policy across the entire extent of spatial practices. While someone sleeping in a park beside a lake full of wild life in Sydney might seem meaningless, this is indeed not the case. It actually reflects an entire history of open space tradition-public parks. The big question of course is why such a public space awareness and provision rarely occur in developing nations. Instead it often occurs when existing open space is converted to development, rather than being preserved or even improved both in scale and quality. One argument here is that the concept of a public realm has been weakly developed in countries that do not have a fully-fledged democratic history, i.e. most Asian Countries. The history of most developed countries e.g. the United States, Canada, Australia and the whole of Europe has been in majority driven by people's will and engagement. Thus the existence of "public space, i.e the polis in Greek" where ideas are generated; revolutionary actions are proposed; and necessary forms of future accomplishment are evolved, becomes ubiquitous. In the case of Asian states however, existing public open space is often associated with past governance, i.e monarchy and dynasty. For example, Chinese garden associated with the emperor private use and then later to be granted public access as today. The remaining historical, social and cultural importance of such spatial forms often becomes a symbolic attribute easily disregarded by government in power in order to achieve economic goals either for personal gain, or in theory, for the good of the common people. The current edition of Journal Ruang - Space presents 7 articles. The first article is authored by I Wayan Yudiartana, whose research aims at determining corporate environmental (CER) responsibilities along Kuta Beach (Bali) in relation to future forms of development, specifically the disposal of waste. The second article is written by Desak Made Sukma Widiyani and based on a study of problems pertaining to infrastructure in three different slums areas in the West Denpasar Regency. Still discusses slums settlements of Denpasar City, the third article is by Ayu Wadhanti. It focuses on typhlology of sites/areas that have a tendency to develop into informal settlements. The fourth article is authored by Anak Agung Gede Raka Gunawarman. Taking a case study of a rock-cut Candi Gunung Kawi, it examines the proportion of a ''candi'' which is considered a sacred structure of Hindu-Budha's legacy in Indonesia. Next, the fifth article is authored by Nyoman Gema Endra Persada. It analyses a winning outcome of the revitalization of the Badung River in Denpasar. The development has indeed successfully created a public waterfront widely used for numerous recreational activities. The sixth article is by Kadek Wisnawa. It investigates the development of tanah pelaba pura, a form of communal land in Indonesia, for financial goals, a practice that is not in line with symbolic value such land holds. The last article of this edition is by I Gede Surya Darmawan. Taking a case study of Serangan, a reclaimed Island, the paper discusses the pattern of land use changes and underlining factors have caused it, before and after reclamation carried out by Bali Turtle Island Development (BTID).

For the passed half a century active development of biotechnologies changed the relation of the person to natural resources, in particular to flora and fauna. The modern methods of molecular biology made 'simulated evolutionary jump', having pushed aside traditional methods of selection and natural selection on a background. Nevertheless, so precipitant distribution of the alive changed organisms (ACO) within the planet as uniform ecosystem, forced the international community to develop the uniform mechanism of legal regulation in the new sphere of economic activity.Difficult legal and biological nature of genetically modified organism have been served as a ground for their regulation as an object not alone international public law, but civil law of Ukraine. Definition and status of genetically modified organisms were defined in a number of the international protocols. Ratification by Ukraine the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety will entitle the implementation of the civil liability for damage caused to biological diversity in the civil law. Analyzing realization of international protocols in a domestic law of the Ukraine, tacking in account existential risks, researches in area of genetically modified organisms, let in risks for human health, it is noted that that activity in a production, processing, treatment, transfer, use, storage, transboundary transfer of genetically modified organisms and their parts belong to the ultra-hazardous source. In the article are noticed the measures of reacting and civil liability of persons, who operate with them.As the Cartagena Protocol is applied to transboundary transfer, transit, processing and use of all ACO/GMO, capable to make an adverse effect on preservation and steady use of biological diversity, also taking into account the risk for health of the person (Art. 4), a subject of liability by the rules of Art. 1187 of Civil Code of Ukraine is the owner of object with which activity creates the ultra-hazardous. This statement concerns also the subjects utilizing GMO in Ukraine.For the solution of a question of involvement of this or that person to liability on the Art. 1187 of Civil Code of Ukraine it is necessary to define two main signs: legal and material (actual). The legal sign means that the owner only that person who owns object with which activity creates the ultra-hazardous, on the corresponding legal ground: an ownership right, other proprietary interest, the lease contract (including – a longtime consession of land), contract of agency, contract of work and labour, etc. The material sign of the owner of the ultra-hazardous source means that the person has to carry out actual possession (operation, use, storage, maintenance) of the dangerous objects.It is remarkable that activity with ACO/GMO is not especially a prerogative of the state; the natural or legal entity which is carrying out such activity is under its jurisdiction (the Art. 3.d. of the Cartagena Protocol). There is open a question in the Ukrainian legislation on insurance of civil liability of these persons. This mechanism of compensation is worked already out by the largest corporations which are carrying out activity in this sphere. However, in case of insufficiency of insurance payment (insurance compensation) for a full recovery of the harm done to them, the legal or natural person is obliged to pay to party injured a difference between the actual extent of harm and insurance payment (insurance compensation) (Art. 1194 of Civil Code of Ukraine), however, if do not prove that harm was done owing to force majeure (item 5 of Art. 1187 of Civil Code of Ukraine).In view of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, the Vienna Convention on the Right of International Treaties, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, Nagoya-Kyala- Lumpur Supplementary protocol on liability and redress to Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, the Constitution of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine 'About Сonsumer Protection', and also scientific information on existential risks and researches in the field of ACO/GMO and the fact that activities for production, processing, processing, transfer, use, storage, transboundary transfer of ACO/GMO and their parts / components belonging to activity, connected with the objects of the ultra-hazardous the author considers that this activity demands the special status and has to be regulated, including also the Law of Ukraine 'About the Ultra-hazardous Objects'. ; Статья посвящена проблеме гражданско-правовой ответственности за наненесение ущерба биологическому разнообразию.Анализируя имплементацию международных протоколов во внутригосударственное право Украины, принимая во внимание экзистенциальные риски, исследования в области генетически модифицированных организмов, в том числе риски для здоровья человека, отмечается, что деятельность по производству, переработке, обработке, передаче, использованию, хранению, трансграничному перемещению генетически модифицированных организмов и их частей/компонентов относится к источникам повышенной опасности. В статье обозначены меры реагирования и гражданско-правовая ответственность лиц, осуществляющих данную деятельность. ; Складна правова і біологічна природа генетично модифікованих організмів стала підставою для регулювання їх в якості об'єктів не лише міжнародного публічного права, а й цивільного права України. Визначення й статус генетично модифікованих організмів закріплені низкою міжнародних протоколів. Ратифікація Україною Картагенського протоколу з біобезпеки стане підставою того, що в цивільне право буде введена цивільно-правова відповідальність за завдання шкоди біологічному розмаїттю. Аналізуючи імплементацію міжнародних протоколів у внутрішньодержавне право України, беручи до уваги екзистенціальні ризики, дослідження в галузі генетично модифікованих організмів, в тому числі ризики для здоров'я людини, зазначається, що діяльність з виробництва, перероблення, оброблення, передачі, використання, зберігання генетично модифікованих організмів та їх часток/компонентів належить до джерел підвищеної небезпеки. У статті визначені заходи реагування та цивільно-правова відповідальність осіб, які здійснюють цю діяльність.

The subject of the research is the border fence that is being built between India and Bangladesh as a solution to crossborder migration that is declared to be a threat to India. The goal of the research is to characterize the situation on the border beyond the media headlines, such as "the wall of death", "India has crossed the line" or "demographic aggression" against or "export of terrorism" from Pakistan. In order to achieve this major goal of interdisciplinary assessment of the border regime from both social and legal perspectives, the research went through several stages to ful l the following tasks - analysis of the (a) political and legal aspects of the history of creation of the border; (b) history of demographic, economic and environmental development of the region of Bengal before and after it was split in 1947; (c) inventory of Indian domestic laws and law implementation process in the North-East region of India and (d) international laws, concerning immigration, refugees and human rights in South Asia and in the India-Bangladesh border region in particular. Comparative legal and historical analysis was applied as a main research method within the general interdisciplinary approach. The hypothesis of this study is that the border fence between India and Bangladesh, as well as similar international initiatives, is not protecting social and economic development of the region against the threat of illegal international migration. Current physical fence initiative between India and Bangladesh can not achieve the goal of peace and stability. Despite its "quick  x" allure in terms of establishing control and rule of law in the border region the fence is likely to further isolate regions with inhumane and corrupt regimes, magnify poverty, inequality and environmental degradation promoting the popularity of terrorist ideas due to mass ignorance and lack of alternatives. ; El objetivo del artículo es la valla fronteriza en construcción entre India y Bangladés como una solución a la migración transfronteriza que se ha declarado ser una amenaza para la India. El propósito de la investigación es caracterizar la situación en la frontera, más allá de los titulares mediáticos, tales como; « la pared de la muerte », « India ha cruzado el límite » o « agresión demográ ca » contra « exportación del Terrorismo » desde Paquistán. Con la intención de alcanzar este gran objetivo de evaluación interdisciplinaria del régimen fronterizo desde las perspectivas legales y sociales, la investigación siguió diversas etapas para cumplir las siguientes tareas de análisis : (a) aspectos políticos y legales de la historia de la creación del límite ; (b) historia del desarrollo demográ co, económico y ambiental de la región de Bengala, antes y después de su división en 1947; (c) revisión de la legislación interna de India y las leyes del proceso de puesta en práctica de la región Nor-Este de India y (d) leyes internacionales relacionadas con inmigración, refugiados y derechos humanos en el sur de Asia y en la región de India-Bangladés en particular. Se condujo un análisis legal e histórico comparado como método de investigación del enfoque interdisciplinario general. La hipótesis del estudio es que la valla entre India y Bangladés, así como iniciativas internacionales similares, no promueve el desarrollo económico y social de la región para enfrentar la amenaza de la migración ilegal internacional. La iniciativa de la actual valla física entre India y Bangladés no puede facilitar los objetivos de paz y estabilidad. A pesar de su atractiva rápida solución en términos de establecer control y Estado de Derecho en la región fronteriza, la valla, muy probablemente, aislará regiones con regímenes inhumanos y corruptos, aumentará la pobreza, desigualdad y degradación ambiental, estimulando la popularidad de ideas terroristas debido a la ignorancia masiva y a la falta de alternativas. ; L'objectif de l'article est la clôture frontalière en cours de construction entre l'Inde et le Bangladesh, présentée comme une solution à la migration transfrontalièredéclarée une menace pour l'Inde. La recherche vise à caractériser la situation à la frontière, au-delà des gros titres médiatiques, tels que « le mur de la mort », « L'Inde a dépassé la limite », ou « agression démographique » contre ou « exportation du Terrorisme » de Pakistan. Avec l'intention d'atteindre ce grand objectif de l'évaluation interdisciplinaire du régime frontalier à partir des perspectives juridiques et sociales, la recherche a suivi diverses étapes pour accomplir ces taches d'analyse: (a) les aspects politiques et juridiques de l'histoire de la création de la limite; (b) l'histoire du développement démographique, économique et environnemental de la région du Bengale, avant et après sa division en 1947; (c) la révision de la législation nationale de l'Inde et les lois du processus de mise en oeuvre de la région Nord-Est de l'Inde, et (d) les lois internationales relatives à l'immigration, les réfugiés et les droits de l'homme en Asie du Sud et à la région Inde-Bangladesh en particulier. On a appliqué une analyse juridique et historique comparée comme la méthode principale de recherche de l'approche interdisciplinaire générale. L'hypothèse de l'étude est que la clôture entre l'Inde et le Bangladesh, de même que des initiatives internationales similaires, ne protège pas le développement économique et social de la région contre la menace de la migration illégale internationale. L'initiative de la actuelle clôture entre l'Inde et le Bangladesh ne peut pas faciliter les objectifs de paix et de stabilité. Malgré l'attractif d'une solution rapide pour établir le contrôle et l'état de droit à la région frontalière, la clôture probablement isolera davantage des régions avec des régimes inhumains et corrompus, augmentera la pauvreté, l'inégalité, la dégradation environnementale, et cela favorisera la popularité des idées terroristes à cause de l'ignorance massive et la manque d'alternatives. ; 19-34 ; lenadabovasbpgu@gmail.com ; semestral

Systematicity is an important characteristic of the integrity of knowledge in the modern scientific knowledge and one of the important aspects of the organization of their transmission. The system interpretation of knowledge about complex objects is most adequate for their operation and development. In accordance with the fact that advertising is becoming principle on the field of mass communications, it becomes more interesting for scientists as a system that operates by its own rules and is used to achieve the goal of communicators who have well known techniques which calls to the conscious and subconscious levels of the human mind. Thus, in recent advertising it is based on approach to interpreting this as a sign system with its own means of reflection and interpretation of reality. In the parametric General Theory of System A. I. Uiemov developed a system-wide characteristics or properties that characterize any items which were presented in the form of system models - the system-wide parameters. Specific characteristics of the relationships and properties are the elements to all systems without exception. The system is definitive when it has define concept, structure and substrate. A. I. Uiemov also considered certain principles of classification systems. He proposed to classify the system parameters on the system research aspects of the object, or the categorical characteristics of the system parameter. Classification of system parameters is based on his identification system and corresponds some formal definitions. A. I. Uiemov considered two groups of such parameters: 1) attribute system parameters; 2) relational system-wide a powerful tool of socialization of the individual, prevention and behavioral deviations of value, even though today the majority of cases it is stipulated certain phenomenon or criticism without offering reasonable alternatives. It is experiencing a period of relatively active development and acquires its own specificity, due to social and political and social and cultural reasons. In this case social advertising, taking into account its potential and realized functions, is increasingly attached to the creation of general advertising myth that reflects and forms the life view of society world members by offering and maintaining valuable references and ideas. Social advertising is an integral part of all three sectors of social work (public services, social business (which in Ukraine is actually absent) and nongovernmental organizations),organizing large-scale advertising campaigns. Its amount, and types and thematic range gradually increase, but the social advertising is not always clear, does not adequately address the problem of the target audience, does not use in full of the entire arsenal of promotional products effects because of this the expected social impact is partial and mosaic. Social advertising has its positive impact and is essential for the development of society itself. With its improvements, determining the precise range of manufacturers, publishers, and bringing to its creation specialists in the social and psychological problems, it will help improve the Ukrainian society. Social advertising today is an effective tool to influence the mindset of people, close to the ideology, morality, religion, and modern mythmaking is able to perform axiological and humanistic function, to build a democratic society humanistic installation mass consciousness. Social advertising on the one hand can cause a positive response in the community, contribute to the harmonization of relations, enhance social activity of the population, on the other hand created on position of subjectivity, without assessing the real social needs of its audience, may contribute to social aggression. Therefore, the development and implementation of projects of social advertising requires a complex interdisciplinary research aimed at identifying factors contributing to the realization of its potential. Broadcasting in society human and national values, social advertising expands and forms a cultural basis of society, «social capital», which gradually begins to affect economic development. ; Социальная реклама рассмотрена как система с точки зрения общей параметрической теории систем А. И. Уемова. Системная интерпретация знаний о сложных объектах наиболее адекватна характеру их функционирования и развития. В соответствии с тем, что реклама приобретает все больший вес в сфере массовых коммуникаций, она начинает интересовать ученых как система, функционирующая по своим законам и пользуется для достижения поставленной цели издавна известными приемами обращения к человеческой психике на сознательном и подсознательном уровнях. В последнее время к рекламе применяют подходы, основанные на понимании ее как знаковой системы со своими средствами отражения и трактовки действительности. ; Соціальну рекламу розглянуто як систему з точки зору загальної параметричної теорії систем. А. І.Уйомова. Системна інтерпретація знань про складні об'єкти найбільш адекватна характеру їхнього функціонування та розвитку. Відповідно до того, що реклама набуває все більшої ваги у сфері масових комунікацій, вона починає цікавити науковців як система, що функціонує за власними законами й використовує задля досягнення поставленої комунікаторами мети здавна відомі прийоми апелювання до людської психіки на свідомому та підсвідомому рівнях. Так, останнім часом до реклами застосовують підходи, засновані на витлумаченні її як знакової системи зі своїми засобами віддзеркалення та трактування дійсності. Фаріда Тихомірова, Павло Тихоміров СИСТЕМНА МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ РЕКЛАМИСоціальну рекламу розглянуто як систему з точки зору загальної параметричної теорії систем. А. І.Уйомова. Системна інтерпретація знань про складні об'єкти найбільш адекватна характеру їхнього функціонування та розвитку. Відповідно до того, що реклама набуває все більшої ваги у сфері масових комунікацій, вона починає цікавити науковців як система, що функціонує за власними законами й використовує задля досягнення поставленої комунікаторами мети здавна відомі прийоми апелювання до людської психіки на свідомому та підсвідомому рівнях. Так, останнім часом до реклами застосовують підходи, засновані на витлумаченні її як знакової системи зі своїми засобами віддзеркалення та трактування дійсності. соціальна реклама; система цінностей; знакова система; атрибутивні системні параметри; комунікативна практика. Farida Tykhomirova Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University Pavlo Tykhomirov

Enter any additional information or requests for the Library here. ; Background: The promulgation of the Traditional Health Practitioners Act No 22 (2007) was seen as the long awaited start-up of the traditional healing profession in South Africa. Act No 22 (2007) was strongly politically driven from the late 1960s onward. Many of these political motivators were based upon outdated cultural ideas, customs and traditions, rooted outside the modern day healthcare needs and demands of the particular population that traditional healing intends to serve. An in-depth needs and skills analysis, to test the viability and sustainability of the South African traditional healers as well as their positions and roles as health practitioners inside the formal healthcare sector, as guided and stipulated by the Traditional Health Practitioners Act No 22 (2007), was lacking in this early development and start-up process. This resulted in the traditional healers' present and future roles as specific healthcare practitioners being both undefined and insufficiently formulated. In addition their existing education, training, skills and abilities to compete in the formal healthcare sector were ignored. Therefore, since the promulgation of the Act in 2007, there was limited professional-development for traditional healers, to improve their immediate professionalism and thus to promote effective role-playing and management in the formal healthcare sector. The South African traditional healing professional model is still in the foundational stage of its professional development; a stage which the other registered/regulated healthcare practitioners of the country surpassed long ago, making them well-equipped for role-playing and management as health professionals in the formal healthcare sector. The whole venture of the statutory recognition of the traditional health practitioners in 2007 as new healthcare professionals with the promulgation of the Traditional Health Practitioners Act No 22 (2007) seems to increasingly be a failure. There is thus a definite need to establish how the South African traditional healers are equipped to compete independently in the healthcare sector. If this is not possible, what alternatives are available to steer some of them into the country's healthcare sector and still make them useful as health practitioners. Coupled to this need is the future status and role of the Traditional Health Practitioners Act No 22 (2007), to uphold the roles of traditional healers. Aims: The study aims to determine the present and future roles of the traditional health practitioner in the South African formal healthcare sector, as guided by the Traditional Health Practitioners Act No 22 (2007). Methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive study that makes use of a historical approach by means of investigation and a literature review. The emphasis is upon using current documentation such as articles, books and newspapers as primary sources to reflect upon the present and future roles of traditional health practitioners within the regulated healthcare sector of South Africa, as guided by the Traditional Health Practitioners Act No 22 (2007). The findings are offered in narrative form. Results: It seems as though the professional position and foundation of the Traditional Health Practitioners Act No 22 (2007) is on a level that is meant for the governing of a healthcare group with a well-established learning and management infrastructure. This is an unfortunate situation wherein the incoming traditional healer unfortunately cannot meet the requirements at the moment. Various negative factors have affected the South African traditional healers' development and position. These include early political out-casting and discrimination from training facilities and work opportunities in the healthcare sector under White Rule, while poor organization, strategy and future planning and a lack of self-promotion by traditional healers themselves regarding their positions and roles over the years, seem also to have contributed negatively to the situation. The immediate impact is that this predisposition unfortunately places the traditional health practitioners in situations wherein they cannot always take specific roles at present or in the future as healers in the South African healthcare sector, as intended and guided by the Traditional Health Practitioners Act No 22 of 2007. Conclusion: To expect the South African traditional health practitioners to function at present and in future fully within the intentions of the Traditional Health Practitioners Act No 22 (2007), executing certain roles as independent health practitioners in the formal healthcare sector, seems to a great extent impossible. Wherever they are successfully placed in the healthcare sector, their positions and roles seem to be limited. Furthermore, the traditional healers' places in the formal healthcare sector were already taken by the allied health professions, by such practitioners as homeopaths, naturopaths and ethno-therapists, etc. Thus they are obliged to compete with the already established nursing practitioners, psychiatrists and psychologists, as well as medical doctors, all established in clearly defined and functioning roles. These work inclinations and reservations further minimize their roles dramatically in the formal healthcare sector. To consider the future of the Traditional Health Practitioners Act No 22 (2007) and its two outcomes, namely the Traditional Health Practitioners Council as well as the traditional health practitioner, there are at present three urgent issues. The prominent question is: can the Traditional Health Practitioners Act No 22 (2007) continue in its present form or must it be recalled? In its present manifestation the Act and the traditional healers seem to be ineffective and aimless. It is time to consider alternatives to assure the continuation of the traditional healers as practitioners in the South African healthcare sector. The most obvious and practical one is to accommodate some of the traditional healers, where applicable and possible, in some of the various already established professional Health Councils as healthcare professionals.

La actual situación de escisión jurisdiccional que conoce la materia de Seguridad Social es altamente insatisfactoria (acción protectora: orden jurisdiccional social; actos de encuadramiento, gestión liquidatoria y recaudatoria: orden jurisdiccional Contencioso-administrativo). Desde hace varios años se constata una tendencia a la readministravización de la Seguridad Social que, entre otros efectos, ha supuesto un vaciamiento parcial de competencias típicas del orden social. No son claras las razones de la persistencia de la situación examinada –que, en todo caso, se intuyen vinculadas a la defensa de intereses de la Administración–, aunque sí hay coincidencia en resaltar sus inconvenientes, no solo de carácter teórico sino de índole práctica y de funcionamiento: riesgo de peregrinaje jurisdiccional y de producción de criterios contradictorios sobre diversos aspectos de un mismo problema en uno y otro orden jurisdiccional; saturación de un orden jurisdiccional –el Contencioso-administrativo–, ya de por sí sobrecargado de trabajo y carente de la necesaria especialización; insatisfacción para el justiciable, que se ve expulsado de su jurisdicción natural –la social– y remitido a una jurisdicción –la Contencioso-administrativa–, más lenta y costosa. Como alguien ha señalado, «no son más que decisiones de (caprichosa o interesada) política legislativa, y como tales hay que acatarlas, aunque no nos casemos de criticarlas». Ante este estado de cosas, la mejor solución pasa por unificar en el orden jurisdiccional social todas las cuestiones que afecten a materias de Seguridad Social, en sentido amplio (actos de encuadramiento, cotización, recaudación, acción protectora), incluido el control de la potestad sancionadora, aunque esta medida requiera ajustes procesales y modificaciones de la planta judicial. A este respecto, una propuesta podría consistir en reservar la actual modalidad procesal de Seguridad Social (arts. 140-147 LJS), para conocer de las reclamaciones sobre prestaciones, y regular una o varias modalidades o especialidades procesales, inspiradas en el proceso Contencioso-administrativo, aunque sin perder de vista las señas de identidad de la jurisdicción social (celeridad, inmediación, gratuidad…) para el resto de los asuntos (gestión recaudatoria, sanciones…) en los que predomina el ingrediente de intervención administrativa. En definitiva, se trataría de retomar la solución prevista en el proyecto de LJCA antes de su paso por el Senado y utilizar un único criterio de atribución competencial de carácter objetivo, conforme a lo establecido en el número 5 del artículo 9 LOPJ, asignando este tipo de asuntos al orden judicial social sin otras excepciones que el control de la potestad reglamentaria de la Administración en materia de Seguridad Social, el uso de la delegación legislativa otorgada al Gobierno por las Cortes Generales para dictar Decretos legislativos y las reclamaciones sobre responsabilidad patrimonial contra los organismos de la Seguridad Social. El estudio viene acompañado de abundante doctrina científica y jurisprudencial sobre la actual dualidad jurisdiccional en la materia, delimitando y distribuyendo competencias entre los órdenes Contencioso-administrativo y social en base al ordenamiento jurídico vigente. ABSTRACT The jurisdictional spin-off regarding Seguridad Social (Social Security Administration) occurring presently is highly disappointing (protective action: social jurisdictional order, framing action, liquidating and tax-collecting management: Contencioso-administrativo (Administrative Litigation) jurisdictional order). Within the recent past, it can be observed a tendency to readministrate Seguridad Social that has meant a partial emptying of the competences of the social order. It is unclear the reasons why this situation under analysis persists, and these are thought may be related to the interest of the Administration. Although many do agree on the disadvantages, both theoretical and practical, as well as functional: risk of jurisdictional pilgrimage, risk of generating contradictory criteria on several aspects of a same problem in different jurisdictional orders, overload of the jurisdictional order¬- Contencioso-administrativo- already overloaded and lacking specialization; dissatisfaction for the actionable, expelled from his natural jurisdiction -social- and who is referred to a more expensive and time-consuming jurisdiction- the Contencioso-administrativo. As it has been pointed out before, "these are not more than decisions of a (whimsical or interested) legislative policy, and as such we must comply with them, although we never get tired of criticize them". Given the state of things, the best solution is to unify under the social jurisdictional order all issues concerning Seguridad Social on a broad spectrum (framing acts, contributions, tax collection, protective action) also including control over the legal authority to impose penalties, although this measure required procedural adjustments and modification of the judicial staff. On this subject, a possible proposal would consist of preserving the present procedural modality of Seguridad Social (arts. 140-147 LJS), to identify from complaints about social benefits and regulate one or several modalities or procedural specialties, inspired on Contencioso-administrativo procedures, although not overlooking the hallmarks of social jurisdiction (celerity, immediacy, free service…) for the rest of concerns (tax-collecting management, sanctioning…) in which administrative mediation predominates. Ultimately, it would be about resuming the anticipated solution in LJCA project before being voted in Senado (Senate – Upper House) and using a single criterion of attribution of powers of an objective nature, in accordance to number 5, article 9 LOPJ, allocating these concerns within the social judicial order with no other exception than the control of the obligatory legal authority on the part of the Administration concerning Seguridad Social issues, the use of legislative delegating awarded to the Government by the Cortes Generales (General Courts: Upper & Lower Houses) to rule legislative Decretos (Decree) and complaints about patrimonial responsibility against institutions within Seguridad Social. The present research is founded on vast scientific and jurisprudential doctrine about the jurisdictional duality in this issue, delimiting and distributing competencies between Contencioso-administrativo and social orders in accordance to the current judicial order.

Das Forschungsprojekt "Verringerung von Lebensmittelabfällen - Identifikation von Ursachen und Handlungsoptionen in Nordrhein-Westfalen" (Zeitrahmen: 9/2011 - 2/2012) im Auftrag des Ministeriums für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Landwirtschaft, Natur- und Verbraucherschutz in Nordrhein-Westfalen (MKULNV) steht im Kontext der Diskussion um eine neue Wertschätzung für Lebensmittel und einen nachhaltigen Lebensstil. Das Institut für nachhaltige Ernährung und Ernährungswirtschaft (iSuN) der Fachhochschule Münster wurde gemeinsam mit der Verbraucherzentrale Nordrhein-Westfalen beauftragt, die Studie mit dem Schwerpunkt der Identifikation von Ursachen und Handlungsoptionen zur Verringerung von Lebensmittelabfällen in Nordrhein-Westfalen durchzuführen. Der Lebensmittelmarkt ist stark arbeitsteilig organisiert und global vernetzt. Die Situation in Nordrhein-Westfalen unterscheidet sich dabei nicht wesentlich von der in ganz Deutschland oder in Europa. Die Orientierung auf Nordrhein-Westfalen erfolgte über die Auswahl von Interwiepartnern und Unternehmensexperten sowie über die Auswahl der für Nordrhein-Westfalen besonders relevanten Produktgruppen Gemüse, Brot und Backwaren, Milch und Milchprodukte sowie Fleisch und Wurstwaren. Handlungsoptionen zur Verringerung von Lebensmittelabfällen in Nordrhein-Westfalen sind prinzipiell auf andere Bundesländer in Deutschland übertragbar. Die Studie setzt sich aus insgesamt vier Forschungsbausteinen zusammen. Im Forschungsbaustein A werden die Ursachen von Lebensmittelabfällen für die vier relevanten Produktgruppen analysiert und Handlungsempfehlungen zur Reduzierung von Lebensmittelabfällen abgeleitet. Betrachtet werden die jeweiligen Wertschöpfungsketten von der Landwirtschaft bis zum Handel. Die analysierten Ursachenfelder zeigen stufenübergreifende Wirkungen innerhalb der Wertschöpfungskette, die zu Lebensmittelabfall führen. Aus diesem Grunde ist besonders die Betrachtung der Schnittstellen für die Entwicklung von Maßnahmen entscheidend. Forschungsbaustein B untersucht auf der Grundlage persönlicher Interviews und anonymer Onlineinterviews Ursachen, die Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher veranlassen, Lebensmittel wegzuwerfen und leitet daraus Empfehlungen zur Verringerung von Lebensmittelabfällen ab. Die Befragungen zeigen, dass insbesondere komplexe, oft schlecht planbare Lebens- und Arbeitssituationen dazu führen, dass Lebensmittel weggeworfen werden müssen. Forschungsbaustein C analysiert statistisch verfügbare Daten, aus denen sich Lebensmittelabfallmengen für Nordrhein-Westfalen hochrechnen lassen. Forschungsbaustein D zeigt auf, dass die Entstehung von Lebensmittelabfällen nennenswerte soziale, ökonomische und ökologische Wirkungen nach sich zieht, die zu beachten sind. Mit der modellhaften Betrachtung der Ressourcenverbräuche und Umweltbelastungen ausgewählter Lebensmittel werden die Dimensionen der ökologischen Wirkung von Lebensmittelabfällen deutlich gemacht. Die Ressourcenverbräuche in den Vorketten der Lebensmittel betragen ein Vielfaches des Abfallaufkommens. Die ökologischen Fußabdrücke von Lebensmitteln der vier Produktgruppen verteilen sich anders als das Abfallaufkommen, da den verschiedenen Lebensmitteln unterschiedliche Ressourcenverbräuche zugeordnet sind. Bei den Lebensmittelabfällen hat die Produktgruppe Obst und Gemüse mengenmäßig den größten Anteil, dafür aber einen deutlich geringeren Anteil an den Ressourcenverbräuchen als Fleischprodukte. Aus dem Kontext der vier Forschungsbausteine leitet die Studie Handlungsvorschläge zur Verringerung und Vermeidung der Lebensmittelabfälle in Nordrhein-Westfalen in den vier grundlegenden Kategorien "Prozessoptimierung/Schnittstellenmanagement", "Strukturen und Regeln", "Verwerten statt Entwerten" sowie "Wertschätzen und Aufwerten" ab. Anhand dieser Handlungsfelder können konkrete Ansätze für die Teilnehmer des Runden Tisches "Neue Wertschätzung für Lebensmittel" aber auch für die Politik in Nordrhein-Westfalen abgeleitet werden, um Lebensmittelabfälle zu vermeiden und "neue Märkte" zur Reduzierung von Warenverlusten bzw. Weiterverwendung von Lebensmittelabfällen zu identifizieren. ; The research project "Reducing Food Waste - Identification of causes and courses of action in the German State of North Rhine-Westphalia" ("Verringerung von Lebensmittelabfällen - Identifikation von Ursachen und Handlungsoptionen in Nordrhein-Westfalen") (timeframe: 9/2011 - 2/2012) is connected to the discussion on a new appreciation of foodstuffs and a sustainable lifestyle. The Institute of Sustainable Nutrition and Food Production (iSuN) of the University of Applied Sciences Münster and the Consumer Center of North Rhine-Westphalia were given by the Ministry for Climate Protection, Environment, Agriculture, Nature Conservation and Consumer Protection (MKUNLV) the task of conducting a study, focused on the identification of causes of food waste and possible courses of action in North Rhine-Westphalia. The food market operates highly globalized and works based on a division of labor and the north rhine-westphalian situation does not differ much from the German or European situation. Orientation towards North Rhine-Westphalia within the study was achieved by the choice of interview-partners and business experts. This orientation was further supported through the choice of the locally relevant product groups vegetables, bread and bakery, milk and milk products as well as meat and sausage products. Courses of action for a reduction of food waste in North Rhine-Westphalia can possibly be transferred to other German federal states. The study consists of four research-components. Research-component A analyses the causes of food waste within the four relevant product groups and deduces the implicit possibilities for procedure recommendations. The analysis of causes is based on the value chain of the specified product group, from agriculture to retail. The potential arrays of causes show that practices which lead to food waste often take effect across various levels of the value chain. Therefore it is important to take the interfaces between levels into account, in order to develop practical measures that decrease creation of food waste. The analysis of face-to-face interviews and anonymous online-interviews in private households was performed in Research-component B. Therein, reasons for the wasting of foodstuffs through consumers were detected and based on the findings, recommendations to reduce food waste are made. The interviews show that, especially, the complex and unpredictable lifestyles and job-situations lead to the tossing of food. Research-component C analyses the available statistics, in order to gain data on the amount of food waste produced in North Rhine-Westphalia. Research-component D shows that the creation of food waste leads to considerable social, economic and ecologic effects. The dimensions of ecological effects of food waste are shown through an exemplary consideration of the consumption of resources and environmental effects of selected foods. The foodstuffs consume resources within the upstream chain, that amount to multiples of the waste that is later created through the tossing of these foods. Within foods from the four examined food groups, ecologic footprints divide differently from the way, the amount of waste created through them divides. This is due to the different amounts of resources that are used up per kilogram of each food. While vegetables and fruits are accountable for the highest amount of food waste, their share of the consumption of resources is lower than that of meats. Out of the four research-modules, the study devises commendations on reducing food waste in North Rhine-Westphalia within the four categories "process enhancement/interface management", "structures and rules", "Re-use/recover instead of devaluate" and "appreciate and enhance". Based on these categories, practical approaches can be developed for the participants of the round table "new appreciation for food" ("Neue Wertschätzung für Lebensmittel") as well as for north rhine-westphalian politics, in order to avoid the creation of food waste and to find new markets that can help to reduce the loss of goods or to find subsequent uses for discarded foods.

International audience ; Work in contemporary society is hidden. Work's products accumulate and fill the spaces of leisure with traces and memories of past labor. Yet, work, and workers, are both necessary and impossible in this accumulation; the memory of their efforts haunts consumer products like a premonition or a limit. This invisibility of work, like the modern subject itself, seems to exist outside of time, inhabiting another kind of time than the linear progression of objects that constitute its past. Symbolically positioned as the antechamber of subjectivity itself, the body and spirit of the worker are produced and repaired over the weekend.The weekend is a liminal, paradoxical space, an ending and a beginning of production, a place where subjects are free to be themselves, yet are faced with the anxiety of empty time to fill by subjects alienated by the weakening of personal ties. Bereft of thick social relations, consumer goods fill the gaps as atomized tokens of individualized work processes. These objects act as talismans against the social void they obscure, sparing us the trauma of facing directly our lack of solidarity. When the demand to help those near us confronts us in the form of a plea, an accusation, or merely the questioning gaze of a work colleague, we realize we are unprepared to meet this demand.A growing discussion is emerging around the relationality of individuals in work contexts, the relational subject, the people of organization. But what about the time of organization? If the workweek is the space of mundane ethics, the ethics of codes, rules and norms, of responsibilities, then the weekend has its own ethics, the messianic, liminal ethics of the sabbatical, where individuals ritualistically invoke the love behind the law. In the mythical space of work/leisure, if the workweek serves for the production of goods, the weekend serves for the reproduction of society. If the workweek works on standardized, linear time, the weekend comes to symbolize unstructured spontaneity. These two spheres co-constitute each other, the weekend giving meaning to the workweek, which frames and nourishes the weekend. Opposed, the two times exist in a tenuous balance.I reflect on the timing of work and leisure in response to a certain uneasiness I felt when watching the film 2 Days, 1 Night (2 Jours 1 Nuit) by Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne, one Saturday afternoon, with the goal of relating the film to contemporary understandings of work and organizations. The prima facie relation was obvious – a film about a firing, a burnout, the roller coaster of contingent work, the theater of workplace democracy faced with the brutal reality of self-interest. I combed through the many work-related themes, from the personal to the societal, from anxiety to alienation, searching for the hermeneutic key that would reveal to me the complexities of modern work as portrayed in the film. Yet a lingering question remained with me – where was the work in this film?I was struck, then, by the ironic fact that the film, a tour de force about working life, took place almost entirely on the weekend. It was right there in the title – 2 days, 1 night. The movie began just as the boss was leaving work, drew us inexorably through a Saturday and Sunday that seemed both endless and exhausting and yet all-too-quick, and ended at the beginning of the work week. I was left with the lingering question of why a movie whose focal point is labor relations would so obviously situate the action outside of the temporality of work, even taking the title of those few moments outside of the working week.Despite the volumes that have been written about the intensification of work and the erosion of leisure, a quick search revealed that the weekend was a largely untheorized domain, perhaps an off-limits area where work considered taboo, at best a protected space whose social status had been won through historical struggle and whose subsequent erosion was a source of nostalgic lamentation. Perhaps scholars of work, I mused, had better things to do on a Saturday than write about the weekend. Watching a film, however, seemed to be a legitimate weekend activity, and I felt thus justified in using this film to enter into an exploration of the uses of leisure. Whether the film presented a welcome catharsis from the workweek, or a Trojan Horse bringing workplace issues into the leisure sphere, 2 Days 1 Night seemed to offer an experiment in cinematic representation that was worth exploring.In the present case, it must be said that watching this film is far from leisure; a hard film to sit through, it enacts through its pace the slow but urgent ticking away toward a moment of confrontation – with one's own demons, with one's boss, and most of all with one's colleagues. Each shuffle-step of Marion Cotillard's hesitant moments of encounter presents us the dread of a women who must face the judgment of her peers, as she demands the reinstatement of a social bond that has long been forgotten. Should she be expected to disrupt her colleagues' hobbies, their shopping and drinking, their moments with their families, to stir up the injustice that they all face? Are her demands unfair, or just? As her colleagues ask her over the telephone or as she rings their doorbell – can't this wait until Monday?

ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the analysis of socio-juridical on violation permit the transport of fuel oil by the motor bandong (a case study in Sintang). The method used in this study is a socio-juridical approach. From the results of this thesis can be concluded that the licensing procedure the transport of fuel oil according to the Regulation of the Minister of Energy and cracked Mineral Resources No. 0007 of 2005 regarding Requirements and Guidelines on Technical Implementation Business License In the Downstream Oil and Gas in relation to getting a business license which is the body businesses must apply to the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources) through the Director-General (whose duties and responsibilities include the business activities of oil and natural gas) are equipped with administrative and technical requirements. That in practice the field associated with the implementation of the application of the rules on consent for the transport of fuel oil by the motor bandong Sintang is still plenty of motors bandong that only licensed carriage of goods and passengers, from 67 motors bandong operating in Sintang, only 3 motors bandong who has the permission of transportation fuel by the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources cracked No. 0007 of 2005 regarding Implementation Technical Requirements and Guidelines on Business licenses In the Downstream Oil and Gas. For it is worth serious attention from the government, the central government and local governments, as well as the involvement of law enforcement agencies to prevent criminal acts in connection with the permission of transportation fuel oil. The efforts made by law enforcement that the police in this case the local government transportation agencies in tackling violations Sintang permit the transport of fuel oil by the motor bandong In Sintang is through preventive and repressive actions. Preventive measures are intended to prevent the illegal distribution by the motor fuel bandong through the river in Sintang, which among others is done by following up SKB Pertamina and the National Police Headquarters No. Pol. KEP / 34 / VII / 2004 and No. KPTS-035 / C00000 / 2004-S0, in cooperation with the Department of Transportation Sintang in monitoring the implementation of the distribution of fuel is carried out by agents of the fuel and entrepreneurs transport water designated to distribute the fuel in Sintang , follow up orders police chief to monitor the distribution of kerosene, and set up outposts monitoring of fuel distribution in each village through which the motor bandong. Repressive actions carried out by way of prosecution of illegal distribution of kerosene and interrogate suspected offenders were illegally petroleum distribution Undang¬ as stipulated in Law No. 22 of 2001 and Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources cracked No. 0007 of 2005 regarding Requirements and Guidelines technical Implementation Business License In the Downstream Oil and Gas.Keywords: Juridical-Sociological Analysis, Against Violation Permit, Transportation of fuel oil.ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas analisis yuridis-sosiologis terhadap pelanggaran izin pengangkutan bahan bakar minyak oleh motor bandong (studi kasus di Kabupaten Sintang). Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan yuridis-sosiologis. Dari hasil penelitian tesis ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa prosedur perizinan pengangkutan bahan bakar minyak menurut Peraturan Menteri Energi Dan Sember Daya Mineral Nomor 0007 Tahun 2005 Tentang Persyaratan Dan Pedoman Teknis Pelaksanaan Izin Usaha Dalam Kegiatan Usaha Hilir Minyak Dan Gas Bumi dalam kaitannya untuk mendapatkan izin usaha yaitu badan usaha harus mengajukan permohonan kepada Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral) melalui Direktur Jenderal (yang tugas dan tanggung jawabnya meliputi kegiatan usaha minyak dan gas bumi) dilengkapi dengan persyaratan administratif dan teknis. Bahwa di dalam prakteknya dilapangan terkait dengan pelaksanaan penerapan peraturan tentang perizinan pengangkutan bahan bakar minyak oleh motor bandong di Kabupaten Sintang adalah masih banyak motor-motor2bandong yang hanya memiliki izin pengangkutan barang dan penumpang saja, dari 67 motor bandong yang beroperasi di Kabupaten Sintang, hanya 3 motor bandong saja yang memiliki izin pengangkutan BBM berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Energi Dan Sember Daya Mineral Nomor 0007 Tahun 2005 Tentang Persyaratan Dan Pedoman Teknis Pelaksanaan Izin Usaha Dalam Kegiatan Usaha Hilir Minyak Dan Gas Bumi. Untuk itu Perlu perhatian yang serius dari pemerintah, baik itu pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah, serta keterlibatan aparat penegak hukum untuk mencegah terjadinya tindak pidana dalam kaitannya dengan izin pengangkutan Bahan Bakar Minyak. Upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh penegak hukum yaitu kepolisian pemerintah daerah dalam hal ini dinas perhubungan Kabupaten Sintang dalam menanggulangi pelanggaran izin pengangkutan bahan bakar minyak oleh motor bandong Di Kabupaten Sintang adalah melalui tindakan preventif dan represif. Tindakan preventif dimaksudkan untuk mencegah terjadinya distribusi BBM secara illegal oleh motor bandong melalui sungai di Kabupaten Sintang, yang antara lain dilakukan dengan cara menindaklanjuti SKB Pertamina dan Mabes Polri No. Pol. KEP/34/VII/2004 dan Nomor KPTS-035/C00000/2004-S0, melakukan kerjasama dengan Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Sintang dalam memantau pelaksanaan pendistribusian BBM yang dilakukan oleh agen-agen BBM dan pengusaha tranportasi air yang ditunjuk untuk menyalurkan BBM di Kabupaten Sintang, menindaklanjuti perintah Kapolda untuk ikut memantau pendistribusian minyak tanah bersubsidi, dan mendirikan pos-pos pemantau distribusi BBM di setiap desa yang dilalui oleh motor bandong. Tindakan represif dilakukan dengan cara menindak pelaku distribusi minyak tanah secara illegal dan melakukan penyidikan terhadap tersangka pelaku distribusi minyak tanah secara illegal sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001 dan Peraturan Menteri Energi Dan Sember Daya Mineral Nomor 0007 Tahun 2005 Tentang Persyaratan Dan Pedoman Teknis Pelaksanaan Izin Usaha Dalam Kegiatan Usaha Hilir Minyak Dan Gas Bumi .Kata Kunci: Analisis Yuridis-Sosiologis, Terhadap Pelanggaran Izin, Pengangkutan Bahan Bakar Minyak.

Màster Oficial en Disseny Urbà: Art, Ciutat, Societat. Facultat de Belles Arts de la UB, curs: 2015-2016, Tutor: Tomeu Vidal i Moranta ; [spa] La participación ciudadana que hoy vemos en Barcelona es considerada como parte de un crecimiento democrático. La participación es incluyente y refuerza las democracias actuales. Barcelona es una ciudad que ha permitido esto, tanto es así que ha legislado sobre el tema, ha creado canales que permite a su población poder ser partícipe en las decisiones. En el ámbito urbano son notorios estos procedimientos, aunque muchas veces criticados por su forma de emplearse, debido a que en ocasiones no se alcanza un nivel de participación adecuado, obteniendo consultas ciudadanas, consenso o una divulgación de la información. Pero estos procesos generan un vínculo entre la administración y los ciudadanos, que llegan a propiciar un ambiente de debate y dialogo, para obtener mejores resultados. Sin embargo existen muchos procedimientos que demuestran un nivel alto de participación ciudadana. Donde se encuentran los ciudadanos desde el comienzo de un proyecto, muchas veces surgiendo el proyecto desde la demanda social. Y donde se vinculan los procedimientos con apoyo de técnicos externos a la administración que fungen como especialistas en el tema que se quiere resolver. Estos proceso de participación ciudadana no son productos de casualidad, es una lucha que como se documenta viene desde la época de la dictadura en España. La lucha de los movimientos sociales que exigían mejores derechos a los trabajadores, más tarde la lucha de movimientos vecinales en demanda de llevar los servicios públicos a todos los barrios, las reivindicaciones vecinales que luchan para que todos los barrios pudieran contar con equipamientos dignos. Todo ello ha provocado que el ciudadano actual sea un ciudadano con conciencia sobre su derecho a exigir y ahora a ser participe. Todo esto es posible por la llegada de la democracia y el fin a un gobierno autoritario. Es en esta etapa de transición cuando surgen las reivindicaciones vecinales en búsqueda de una igualdad de condiciones para todos los barrios. Restaurando, protegiendo y haciendo nuevos espacios públicos. Grandes edificios y espacios públicos se construyeron por esta movilización social, y `podemos ver ese fruto, esas incidencias tuvieron impacto en la construcción democrática de las políticas que rigen el desarrollo de la ciudad. Esta investigación intenta mostrar cómo la ciudad de Barcelona abraza los proyectos participativos (algunos criticados, otros no). En este intento se muestra un proceso histórico reciente, que va más allá, y que intenta mostrarnos, que estos procesos que vemos actuales, son producto de una cultura colectiva, aunque se documentó solo la historia de la mitad del siglo pasado a la actualidad, los movimientos sociales han estado siempre vigentes. Esto no es algo exclusivo de Barcelona o de España, es un fenómeno que se encuentra en todas las ciudades. Lo que varía es la resistencia al cambio que provocan estos movimientos sociales. ; [eng] Citizen participation that we see today in Barcelona is considered as part of a democratic growth. Participation is inclusive and reinforces existing democracies. Barcelona is a city that has allowed this, so much so that it has legislated on the subject, has created channels which allows its population to be involved in the decisions In the urban area is notorious these procedures, although often criticized by its use, since in many cases is not reached an adequate level of participation, obtaining consultations citizens, consensus or a disclosure of information. But these processes generate a link between the Administration and citizens, who come to promote an atmosphere of debate and dialogue, for best results. However, there are many procedures that demonstrate a high level of citizen participation. Where the citizens since the beginning of a project, often emerging project from the social demand. And where links procedures with the support of external administration technicians who serve as specialists in the topic that you want to resolve. These process of citizen participation are products of chance, it is a fight that as documented comes from the time of the dictatorship in Spain. The struggle of social movements demanding better rights to the workers, later the struggle of neighbourhood movements with a demand to bring public services to all neighborhoods, neighborhood claims fighting so that all neighborhoods could have decent equipment. All this has caused that current citizen is a citizen with a conscience about its right to demand and now to be involved. All this is made possible by the arrival of democracy and an end to authoritarian rule. Allowing that this season were born neighborhood claims seeking a level playing field for all districts. Restoring, protecting and making new public spaces. Large public buildings and public spaces were built by this social mobilization, and ' we can see that fruit, these incidents had impact in the democratic construction of the policies governing the development of the city. This research tries to show how the city embraces the participatory projects (some criticized, others are not). This attempt shows a recent historical process, which goes more beyond, and it tries to show us, that these processes that we see today are the product of a collective culture, although only the history of the half of the last century to the present day have been documented, the social movement have been always in force. This is not something exclusive of Barcelona or Spain, this is a phenomenon occurring in all cities. What will change is the resistance to change that cause these social movements.

LEGAL ASPECTS OF CREATION AND FUNCTIONING FAMILY FARMSV. Y. URKEVYCH, Doctor of Law Sciences, ProfessorYaroslav Mudryi National Law UniversityIntroduction. Among the subjects of the agrarian law - agricultural commodity prevailing in the number occupied by farmers, as of April 1, 2016 According to State Statistics Service of Ukraine registered in the number of 43,897 households. Despite the fact that the Law of Ukraine "On the farm" dated 19 June 2003 r., Number 973-IV is in force more than 10-years old, the legal basis of operation of such facilities are not perfect. In particular, it concerns such a variety of these farms as family farms, rules on the functioning of which were a part of the agrarian law only pursuant to the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On the farm" and to stimulate the creation of family farms" dated March 31, 2016 r., number 1067-VIII (hereinafter - the Law).Analysis of recent researches and publications. Previously conducted research related to various legal aspects of the farms in Ukraine, but all of them were made before the adoption of the aforementioned Law of Ukraine, and hence did not affect the functioning of family farms in Ukraine.Purpose. The purpose of this article - scientific analysis of stories agrarian law on the establishment and operation of family farms in Ukraine and to identify gaps in the legal regulation of corresponding social relations.Metods. In the study of the issues raised will be used formal-legal method of scientific knowledge by which content is set regulatory requirements of the law and provided their interpretation.Results. The law, which came into force on May 1, 2016 (the day following its publication in the newspaper "Voice of Ukraine" dated 30 April 2016 r. Number 80) was introduced a number of amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On the farm" relating not only family and other farms.The law changed the very concept of "farm" is enshrined in Part. 1, Art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine "On the farm". Now the farm is defined as a form of entrepreneurial activity of citizens who wish to produce marketable agricultural products, to its processing and sale for profit on land granted them ownership and (or) use, including rent, for doing farm farming, commercial farming, personal farm, according to law.Of fundamental importance is the new edition of the first sentence ch. 4. 1 of the Law of Ukraine "On the farm", introduced the proposed law. According to her, "farm subject to state registration as a legal entity or an individual - entrepreneur. Farming registered as a legal entity, acting on the basis of the Charter. " In fact, given the new regulatory requirements introduced an agrarian law - farms without legal status, which did not exist before that time.In addition, Art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine "On the farm" added the new Law ch. 5, which actually fixed the signs of family farms. Thus, it is determined that a farm registered as a legal entity, has the status of family farms, provided that his business use of members of the management, which are exclusively members of one family under Art. 3 Family Code of Ukraine; Farming without legal personality is organized on the basis of an individual - entrepreneur and has the status of family farms, if the use of members of the management, which is entirely individual - entrepreneur and his family members under Art. 3 Family Code of Ukraine. It can be concluded that the defining feature of family farms is the use in their activities of members of the management, which are exclusively members of one family.Features of creation and family farms without acquiring legal personality assigned new century. 8-1 of the Law of Ukraine "On the farm" which was included in it by law.Examining the kind of farming is organized by an individual - entrepreneur alone or together with members of his family under the treaty establishing the family farm. This contract is one of the family members in writing and be notarized. Terms of the contract on creation of family farms determine: a) the name, location (address) sector, purpose and types of activity; b) the decision-making and collaboration members of management; c) the legal regime of the common property of the members of management; d) order of distribution costs and results (profits or losses) of the economy among its members; e) the procedure for entry into the economy and out of it; e) labor relations management members, other provisions that do not contradict existing legislation. Also in this contract should be determined head family farms without legal person (family member, registered as an individual - entrepreneur).Discussion. The above allows conclude that from May 1, 2016 among the subjects of a new agrarian law - family farms. These farms to other farms distinguish the following features: (a) use in their activities of members of the management, which are only members of the same family; (B) their head can only be relevant member of the family, and family farms without legal status - only family member is registered as an individual - entrepreneur and definite agreement on the establishment of the economy. Despite the efforts of legislators to improve the regulation of farms, the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On the farm" to stimulate the creation and activities of family farms" from March 31 2016 allowed a significant number of inaccuracies listed above and need its correction, because they negatively affect the practice of the establishment and operation of family farms.The prospect of further scientific studies in the area affected problems can be use of the results of future studies, and other characteristics of the legal aspects of the farms in Ukraine.

ABSTRACTThis thesis discuss the duties and authority of prosecutors in the field of civil and state administration (a case study in the High Court of West Kalimantan). The method used in this research using normative juridical approach. From the results of research using legal research methods normative juridical conclusion, that the duties and authority of the Prosecutor in the field of Civil and State Administrative High Court of West Kalimantan, the Attorney General of the Republic of Indonesia, which is a state agency that has the function to assure the rule of law, save the riches of the country , maintain the authority of the government, and protect the interests of the community to carry out these functions, the prosecutor of the Republic of Indonesia the field of civil and state administration is given the authority by law and discretionary of a power of attorney, the authority of the state prosecutor in the field of civil include legal assistance, law enforcement legal considerations, legal services, and other measures already run optimally in accordance with existing legislation. The prosecutor as the state attorney can run right an arbitrary there must be a special power, either the prosecutor's proceedings in the district courts, commercial courts, religious courts and the Supreme Court although the way to beracaranya different but born out of the memorandum of understanding made by the parties beforehand. Obstacles encountered in functionalizing the Prosecutorial Authority in the field of Civil and State Administration is the constraint of the prosecutor's own internal institutions that not all elements of the internal Attorney understand the existence, tasks and finagsi and Datun JAM organization, so that the function has not been implemented optimally Datun. JAM existence Datun turned out rnernerlukan human resources consisting of mental attitude as a prosecutor with the state attorney and have the educational background and knowledge of civil law and state administration. Constraints of external agencies ie prosecutor constraints in the legislation, the need for legislation that affirms the institution prosecutor as the state attorney's office, the need for legislation requiring SOEs to use JPN services. The assertion of the Attorney Organization as an institution that can represent the public interest. Elimination of the provision which states obligation to provide specific authorization from the Government or state / local enterprises for JPN who will perform duties and authority in the field of Civil and State Administration. Cultural constraints not all institutions / government agencies recognize the role of the prosecutor as the state attorney. To overcome the problem that not all agencies / government agencies recognize the role of the prosecutor's. The state attorney, the prosecutor has done correctional function datum of the concerns of institutions / agencies to submit a special power to kejaksaan.Lembaga / Government Agencies worried about the AGO will open weakness Institutions / Agencies concerned, the clan will be used to ensnare them in the criminal field, so they are not willing to give Power of Attorney to the Attorney.Keywords: Authority Attorney, Civil and Administrative.ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas masalah tugas dan wewenang kejaksaan di bidang perdata dan tata usaha negara (studi kasus di Kejaksaan Tinggi Kalimantan Barat). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-normatif. Dari hasil penelitianmenggunakan metode penelitian hukum yuridis normative diperoleh kesimpulan, Bahwa pelaksanaan tugas dan wewenang Kejaksaan di bidang Perdata dan Tata Usaha Negara di Kejaksaan Tinggi Kalimantan Barat, Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia, yang merupakan lembaga negara yang mempunyai fungsi untuk menjamin tegaknya hukum, menyelamatkan kekayan negara, menjaga kewibawaan pemerintah, dan melindungi kepentingan masyarakat untuk melaksanakan fungsi tersebut, kejaksaan Republik indonesia bidang perdata dan tata usaha negara di berikan wewenang oleh undang-undang dan secara delegatif dari surat kuasa, kewenangan jaksa pengacara negara di bidang perdata meliputi bantuan hukum, penegakan hukum, pertimbangan hukum, pelayanan hukum, dan tindakan lainya sudah berjalan secara maksimal sesuai dengan peraturan perundangan yang ada. Jaksa sebagai pengacara negara bisa menjalan kan kewenanganya harus ada surat kuasa khusus, baik jaksa itu beracara di dalam pengadilan negeri, pengadilan niaga, pengadilan agama maupun Mahkamah agung walaupun cara untuk beracaranya berbeda tetapi dengan dilandasi oleh memorandum of understanding yang dibuat oleh para pihak terlebih dahulu. Kendala-Kendala yang dihadapi dalam Fungsionalisasi Kewenangan Kejaksaan dalam bidang Perdata dan Tata Usaha Negara adalah kendala dari intern lembaga kejaksaan sendiri yaitu belum semua unsur intern Kejaksaan memahami keberadaan, tugas dan finagsi serta organisasi JAM DATUN, sehingga fungsi DATUN belum dilaksanakan secara optimal. Eksistensi JAM DATUN temyata rnernerlukan sumber daya manusia yang terdiri dari Jaksa dengan sikap mental sebagai pengacara negara dan mempunyai latar belakang pendidikan serta wawasan hukum perdata dan tata usaha negara. Kendala dari ekstern lembaga kejaksaan yaitu Kendala dalam perangkat peraturan perundang-undangan, perlunya peraturan perundangan yang menegaskan lembaga kejaksaan sebagai kantor pengacara negara, perlunya peraturan perundangan yang mewajibkan BUMN untuk mempergunakan jasa JPN. Perlunya penegasan Lembaga Kejaksaan sebagai lembaga yang dapat mewakili kepentingan umum. Penghapusan ketentuan yang menyatakan kewajiban pemberian kuasa khusus dari Instansi Pemerintah atau BUMN/BUMD bagi JPN yang akan melakukan tugas & kewenangannya dalam bidang Perdata dan Tata Usaha Negara. Kendala Budaya belum semua lembaga/instansi pemerintah mengenal peranan kejaksaan sebagai pengacara negara. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan belum semua lembaga/instansi pemerintah mengenal peranan kejaksaan sebagai. Pengacara negara, kejaksaan telah melakukan pemasyarakatan fungsi datum adanya kekhawatiran lembaga/instansi pemerintah untuk menyerahkan surat kuasa khusus kepada kejaksaan.Lembaga/Instansi Pemerintah merasa khawatir pihak Kejaksaan akan membuka kelemahan Lembaga/Instansi bersangkutan, clan akan dipergunakan untuk menjerat mereka di bidang pidana, sehingga mereka tidak bersedia menyerahkan Surat Kuasa Khusus kepada Kejaksaan.Kata Kunci: Wewenang Kejaksaan, Perdata Dan Tata Usaha Negara

The article deals with the formation of cultural identity in modern Ukrainian family, analyzes the role of family socialization features. Considerable attention is given to cultural and educational potential of the family and its influence on the cultural identity formation. Process of identity formation is always largely determined by the specific socio-cultural factors which were shaped by centuries of historical development. Family as a social institution deserves priority attention among those fundamental factors. Family – first principle of society. It is a certain social group in which most individual characteristics of the parents , their children and other family members showed through their behavior and personality development which are formed with self-knowledge, self-actualization and socialization of its members. Family by its characteristics is a social structure that goes through various stages of growth and development and through improved performance of its functions. It enriches the treasury of material and spiritual values of the people. The material and moral responsibility of family members to each other and to society is the main feature on the basis of these theoretical studies , modern family has to become a key element in the individual`s education and socialization. Proceeding with historical and modern conceptions of identity, a person in the epicenter of culture, is the highest spiritual value which becomes it`s spiritual essence and a part of humanity. The person develops it through culture. The cultural essence of personality is the backbone component of its integrity. Cultural values in the socio-cultural sphere are achieved by the beliefs of humanity that were formed and still continue to grow in the transformation of the socio-historical situation. The succession of generations is a process of mutual transfer, assimilation, storage and use of material and spiritual values, social information and experience of previous generations where the family plays an important role. The family in Ukraine fells under the influence of transformation of socio-cultural and political processes and transformations. They reflect on it and led to significant changes in their functioning. Socio-economic conditions of life appear in the relationship: increasing conflict, collapsing the established ethical principles of operation of the complete family. Dysfunctions increased in economic, legal and moral vulnerability of families, reducing their role in the socialization and education of children. This affects today's youth significantly. This effect is motivated by emotion, culture, internal rules and possibilities of family resources. However, the modern Ukrainian family does not realize it`s great educational potential. It depends on many social factors , especially economic life marked both positive and negative trends. This feature needs detailed analysis of trends, opportunities and constraints for the implementation of the educational potential of Ukrainian families. It ensures the development of the individual in the modern world. Therefore, the study of socio-cultural and psycho-educational situation in the family upbringing of the young generation has to become a basis for further development of public policy in education. The content of individual's education in modern Ukrainian family should be integrated into national and humanist culture of the people in Intercontinental area. Content of education should reflect and establish the highest national and universal value orientation in the minds of modern and young people: spiritual, cultural, humanistic, ethical, aesthetic, physical, social and labor. It should also reflect the practice of modern Ukrainian family in the independent state. Based on these theoretical studies, the modern family is a major element in the education of contemporary identity and in shaping its culture. In Ukrainian family, it`s ideas were always clearly distinguished and rooted in the depths of people's life, minds, work and creativity. At all times ideals of the family were the highest and most sacred for our people. Family was considered to be a fundamental principle of human life, a kind of fortress, which provided development and protection of personality's best qualities, including: labor as the most complete form of expression and creativity of human capabilities, sources of wealth and pleasure; spirituality as a synthetic form of understanding the world and ourselves in the same high moral dimension of creative and humane attitude to the environment and people. Ukrainian family has to cultivate such qualities of character and personality characteristics as: respect for parents and family devotion, commitment to mutual support , formation of national consciousness and identity, love for the land and people, formation of high language culture, respect the culture, customs and traditions of the peoples who inhabit the Ukraine, and the peoples of the world. Family has to look after their national dignity, honor, inner freedom, pride for their land and the people. The principles of all mankind and public morality – truth, justice, patriotism, kindness, diligence, humane treatment of the environment, a comprehensive and harmonious development of the individuals. Based on the above, we can say that social and cultural values are instilled and transmitted from generation to generation, and modern Ukrainian family plays the most substantial role in shaping of cultural identity and socialization. ; В статье рассмотрено формирование культуры личности в современной украинской семьи, проанализировано роль семьи в социализации личности. Значительное внимание уделяется культурно-образовательному и воспитательному потенциалу семьи и ее влиянию на формирование культуры личности. Исследуются научные подходы к изучению семьи как социально-культурного явления украинского общества. Обосновывается, что современная семья – главная ячейка воспитания современной личности и формировании ее культуры. ; У статті розглянуто формування культури особистості в сучасній українській сім'ї, про- аналізовано роль сім'ї у соціалізації особистості. Значна увага приділена культурно-освітньому і виховному потенціалу сім'ї та її впливу на формування культури особистості. Досліджуються наукові підходи до вивчення сім'ї як соціально-культурного явища в українському суспільстві. Доводиться, що сучасна українська сім'я є головною ланкою у вихованні особистості та формуванні її культури.

The article is devoted to researching of the book, which wittily called "Nomenclature Kamasutra: office romancein Brezhnev period". This is the memories, written by S.D.Bezclubenko – the former minister of culture in Soviet Ukraine.S.B.Rudenko analyzed views of Bezclubenko on such qualities of politicians in Soviet Union as the professionalism, their intellectual level, moral values. Under review were also struggle for power between partocrats, patterns of development career of bosses of nomenclatura, features of these processes in Ukraine. Rudenko compares the research results S.D.Bezklubenko and other researchers nomenclatura: M.S.Voslenski and M.Đilas. For all, who interesting in soviet political culture.Scientific study of political culture of the Soviet era is of practical importance because modern Ukrainian politicscarries a lot of genetic traits that time. Research interest primarily is political culture of USSR rulers – nomenclatura.There are insufficient number of lack of papers devoted to this topic. The system of government in the Soviet Union was a very closed. That is why an important role among sources of research plays memoirs of representatives ofnomenclatura. One of these sources of research is "Nomenclature Kamasutra." written by Bezclubenko.The central concept of the study is the "nomenclature". The author of "Nomenclature Kamasutra." gives the following definition of this term: selection of personnel for executive positions among party bosses, what based oncompiling a list of the names of certain positions and names of people who were considered as candidates for their filling.Each party organ had a level of "nomenclature", which in turn also divided into "main nomenclature" (the nomenclature of the party organ, which took the decision to appoint) and "accounting and control nomenclature" (the nomenclature of the higher party organ, who has consented to the appointment).Based on the concept of M.Đilas, developed in the works M.S.Voslenski [3], the nomenclature is the ruling classin the countries of "real socialism", which in essence was industrial and corporative feudalism (non state capitalism).Nomenclature is not the same bureaucracy. This is a social class such as medieval nobility. It penetrated all spheres of public life and delegates powers exclusively own representatives. The nomenclature as social class can not be equated with almost 18 million members of the Communist Party in the early 80's of the twentieth century.Dramaturgy memoir built around the opposition between Bezclubenko, the head of the ministry of Culture of Soviet Ukraine, and his curator from Central committee of Communist party of Ukraine Kapto. This conflict displaysarsenal of methods of political struggle, characterizing nomenclature environment. Kapto was a zealous defender ofpolitical culture of the nomenclature. Bezklubenko many decisions was taken at its sole discretion (within the powers of minister), without coordination with his immediate boss party Kapto, in violation of unshakable hierarchy of soviet power.Note the following realities of the political culture of the Soviet rulers. Because personnel decisions are the prerogative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, in the apparatus of the Ministry of Culture were introduced people who worked against the minister and performed the orders of Kapto. Important role in the struggle between the Minister and partocrat played the Soviet secret police – the KGB. Herewith relations with the KGB used as one, and the other party to the conflict.Bezklubenko with undisguised contempt belonged to his boss Kapto. In his opinion Kapto was uncultured, ignorant and not clever person. At the same time, among soviet "nobility" considered the norm to zealous attitude to theguidance, despite its moral, intellectual and professional qualities, always shew him respect. Bezklubenko thought that business skills are fundamental to the effective management. But for political culture of the nomenclature most important quality was loyalty to their social class. The permanent struggle for power was the essence of its existence.Minister Bezklubenko had very strong position at the highest level of the Communist Party of Ukraine. This isevidenced by the inclusion of the Minister to the honorary electoral nomenclature – Central Committee and Parliament of Ukraine. Political friends of Bezklubenko were, in particular, Prodan and Vrublevski assistants of the first Secretary Shcherbytsky , second Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine Sokolov. Loyal to the minister was, credibly, Shcherbytsky. Perhaps, the first Secretary was impressed professionalism and fought of rebellious Bezclubenko. But, conflict between veiws on the political culture of Bezklubenko, and version of political culture of the nomenclature as social class , was obvious. Therefore, when Vrublevsky had lost confidence in the Minister of Culture, discrepancy political culture of nomenclature was the reason for dismissal from the post of Bezklubenko.Тhе book of Bezclubenko "Nomenclature Kamasutra. Office Romance in Brezhnev period " is a valuable sourcefor the study of political culture in Soviet Ukraine in 60-80 years of XX century. Despite the fact that the author notconsidering the nomenclature as class, however, clearly reveals specificity of political management of soviet chiefs.Using specific examples, he shows the parasitic nature of nomenclature, disdain of professionalism in their environment of professionalism, trampling of rule of Law, mimicry of democracy, obsession own career interests, communication like in the mafia among the nomenclature bosses. ; Исследование номенклатуры как советского правящего класса имеет практическое значение, так как современная власть в бывших советских республиках имеет выраженный номенклатурный субстрат. Освещена теневая сторона политической культуры советских партийных боссов сквозь призму мемуаров С.Д. Безклубенко. В соответствии с результатами исследования раскрыта паразитическая сущность номенклатуры, выявлены её скрытые корпоративные черты, в частности приоритет карьеризма и подхалимства над профессионализмом, пренебрежение законами, профанация демократии, мафиозный характер коммуникаций в среде партийных бонз. ; Стаття присвячена мемуарам колишнього міністра культури УРСР С.Д. Безклубенка, в яких, зокрема, йдеться про політичну культуру радянської номенклатури. Здійснено аналіз поглядів автора на професійні, інтелектуальні, моральні якості радянських політиків, особливості перебігу боротьби між ними за владу, закономірності розвитку номенклатурної кар'єри. Для всіх, хто цікавиться історією політичної культури в Україні.