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Includes bibliographical references. ; U.S. naval strategy in the twenty-first century : a brief introduction / Peter Dombrowski -- 1. The challenges of American imperial power / Michael Ignatieff -- 2. American primacy : its prospects and pitfalls / Stephen M. Walt -- 3. Has it worked? : the Goldwater-Nichols Reorganization Act / James R. Locher III -- 4. The erosion of civilian control of the military in the United States today / Richard H. Kohn -- 5. "9/11" and after : a British view / Michael Howard -- 6. Fighting at and from the sea : a second opinion / Frank Uhlig, Jr. -- 7. ". From the sea" and back again : naval power in the second American century / Edward Rhodes -- 8. The tyranny of forward presence / Daniel Gouré -- 9. Naval power for a new American century / Roger W. Barnett -- 10. Transforming the U.S. Armed Forces : rhetoric or reality? / Thomas G. Mahnken -- 11. Network-centric warfare : what's the point? / Edward A. Smith, Jr. -- 12. Transforming the Navy : punching a feather bed? / Peter J. Dombrowski, Andrew L. Ross -- 13. Building the future fleet : show us the analysis! / Eric J. Labs -- 14. Transformation and the Navy's tough choices ahead : what are the options for policy makers? / Ronald O'Rourke. ; Mode of access: Internet.

It analyzes the fishing dynamics of the Mexican tuna fleet of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) and its relation with environmental signs which are used for fishing. The information comes from a systematic sample with a random start of 176 fishing cruisers, registered by the observer's Mexican program (1992 to 2005). In each trip the information is generated in sequential way, allowing to suppose that this events are discreet random process and analyze as a Markov Chains. The events group in: (1) ship movement (2) sign observe and (3) fishing maneuver. The results recognize two main fishery tactics: one systematic and other random. The first one starts with a signal search (birds or marine mammals), and then a hunt and finally, a fishing throw over shoal associate with dolphins. Alternatively, the random tactics do not involve a search and have a minor probability of a throw over not associated tuna. Both fishery tactics are influenced by environmental, ecological, social, and economic factors. Different strategies were observed during an annual cycle or larger duration that is related with regional politics of fishery management derived in the ETP of the International Program of Dolphin Conservation Agreement. It was concluded that the Mexican tuna fleet dynamics of the ETP (tactics and strategies) affect the measurement of the fishery effort and the success of the trip, therefore it is necessary to evaluate its effect. ; Se analiza la dinámica de la flota atunera mexicana del Pacífico Oriental y su relación con señales medioambientales utilizadas en las estrategias de pesca. La información proviene de una muestra sistemática con arranque aleatorio de 176 cruceros de pesca registrados por el programa mexicano de observadores, entre 1992 y 2005. En cada viaje la información se genera secuencialmente en lapsos de tiempo fijos, permitiendo suponer que los registros son un proceso estocástico discreto y puede analizarse como una Cadena de Markov. Los registros se agrupan en: (1) desplazamientos espaciales del ...

Shipping list no.: 2000-0188-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"In the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, the U.S. found its merchants and traders locked out of their traditional markets in Europe and the Caribbean. Hoping for new and profitable American trade relationships, President Andrew Jackson dispatched an unemployed ship-owner and merchant with no diplomatic experience on a secret mission to negotiate with Eastern potentates in their courts. Edmund Roberts' mission was to formalize American trade with these exotic places--Oman, Siam, Cochin China, and Japan--on a most favored nation basis, allowing for American consuls to openly advance and protect American interests and citizens in their host country. After sailing almost 70,000 miles in five years in the ill-fated USS Peacock, Roberts was successful in negotiating treaties with Oman and Siam, but he failed in Cochin China, and he died before setting sail to Japan. The Peacock, first flagship of the Navy's new East Indies Squadron, forerunner of the U.S. Seventh Fleet, outlived him by only a few years"--Provided by publisher

Since the arrival of the First Fleet, thousands of prisoners have escaped from prison, police stations, courts, prison vans and hospitals--even dentists' chairs. They have driven, walked, pedalled, swum or sailed away from custody. Some have killed or been killed in the process; a few have gone overseas or escaped from foreign prisons, and a handful have remained at home, undetected. Gangland: The Great Escapes is filled with tall tales of crims--Ronald Ryan, Jockey Smith, Brenden Abbott, Julie Wright and Annie Davis, and many others--who have been recaptured in minutes and those who have stayed on the run

There were no paupers aboard the First Fleet, nor any poor laws. There were paid officials of the central state under the direction of the Home Office; there was a military force of Marines, some with their families; and there were convicts, state dependents who legally were no longer the responsibility of a parish but were under the control of the Home Office. The labor of the convicts, but not their persons, was assigned to Governor Phillip, who in turn would assign that labor as he thought fit in the colony, subject of course to instructions from his superiors. Who needed a poor law in a jail?

"This book examines the origins of the U.S. Navy's 2007 Maritime Strategy, the formation of the U.S. government's "Pivot to Asia" strategy, and the most recent revisions to this strategy that focus more specifically on China. Besides examining the details of this strategy formulation, the book explores the internal and external repercussions on the U.S. Navy of the Pivot to Asia. It discusses the "Fat Leonard" scandal, which involved bribery and corruption in contracts for the maintenance of the U.S. fleets in the region, and considers the sharp decrease in training and readiness of the Pacific fleet to support the pivot, which in turn led to a serious maritime collision. It also assesses the impact of the pivot on other countries in the region, engaging in the debate as to whether the pivot was necessary in order to convince the countries of the region that the United States had not lost its staying power, or whether the pivot managed to make tensions in the Asia-Pacific worse even while allowing the strategic situation in the Middle East and Europe to worsen as a result of neglect"--

International audience ; Black carbon (BC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of concern due to their effects on climate and health. The main goal of this research is to provide the first estimate of emissions of BC and particle-phase PAHs (PPAHs) from motor vehicles in Mexico City. The emissions of other pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter of diameter 2.5 ?m and less (PM 2.5 ) are also estimated. As a part of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area field campaign in April 2003 (MCMA-2003), a mobile laboratory was driven throughout the city. The laboratory was equipped with a comprehensive suite of gas and particle analyzers, including an aethalometer that measured BC and a photoionization aerosol sensor that measured PPAHs. While driving through traffic, the mobile lab continuously sampled exhaust plumes from the vehicles around it. We have developed a method of automatically identifying exhaust plumes, which are then used as the basis for calculation of fleet-average emissions. In the approximately 75 h of on-road sampling during the field campaign, we have identified ~30 000 exhaust measurement points that represent a variety of vehicle types and driving conditions. The large sample provides a basis for estimating fleet-average emission factors and thus the emission inventory. Motor vehicles in the Mexico City area are estimated to emit 1700±200 metric tons BC, 57±6 tons PPAHs, 1 190 000±40 000 tons CO, 120 000±3000 tons NO x , 240 000±50 000 tons VOCs, and 4400±400 tons PM 2.5 per year, not including cold start emissions. The estimates for CO, NO x , and PPAHs may be low by up to 10% due to the slower response time of analyzers used to measure these species. Compared to the government's official motor vehicle emission inventory for the year 2002, the estimates for CO, NO x , VOCs, and PM 2.5 are 38% lower, 23% lower, 27% higher, and 25% higher, respectively. The distributions of emission factors of BC, PPAHs, ...

The article deals with the development of trade contacts between Russia and Oriental countries that were carried out through the western and southern coasts of the Caspian Sea in the first half of the 18th century. Since the early Middle Ages, the Russians had been contacting with the population of the Caspian Sea regions and Oriental countries via the Volga-Caspian Route. The western coast of the Caspian Sea, in contrast to the eastern one, had significant merchant harbors (Derbent, Nizabad, Baku), which accounted for a great part of international trade turnover. Since the beginning of the 18th century, the transit role of the Caucasian coast of the Caspian Sea had been increasing, Russia was interested in establishing trade and economic contacts with the East, as the main commodity of the Eastern trade - silk - was to be exported to European countries via the Caspian-Volga Route. Therefore, measures were taken to reconstruct the merchant harbors, particularly in Derbent and Baku, the required infrastructure along the western and southern coasts of the Caspian Sea was created, the Caspian flotilla was modernized, and more weight-lifting vessels were built and replaced the busses of the previous century. Transportation of cargo across the Caspian Sea was quite a profitable business, and it was carried out only by Russian sea-going vessels that had been built in the Astrakhan Admiralty established on the order of Peter I. The Caspian trade with the countries of the Caucasus and the Western Caspian Sea regions continued developing in the post-Petrine period. During the period of the Caucasian conquests, Nadir Shah planned to create a strong fleet in the Caspian Sea like that of Russia. For this purpose, the representatives of the English company, Hanway and Elton, were employed by Nadir Shah and were allowed to build ships and sail on merchant ships over the Caspian Sea. However, the Iranian Shah's plans to create his own fleet in the Caspian Sea, as well as his Dagestan campaign failed.

An ecosystem approach to management requires a holistic view by integrating different system components, and is now beginning to be more strongly included into marine policy decisions. The EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) addresses such an ecosystem approach, together with an economic assessment of the ecosystem. In the Baltic Sea, the overfishing of cod (Gadus morhua) has, along with eutrophication, been a major environmental concern. Overfishing has not only decreased the productivity of this stock, and thereby affected both commercial and recreational use, but has also altered the entire food-web dynamics. The aim of this pilot study was to collect economic fisheries-related data, forming the basic input for a bio-economic model to simulate management scenarios for fisheries. To this end, economic fisheries-related data from seven countries around the Baltic Sea were collected. The collected data show that the Baltic Sea fishing fleets employ more than 9400 persons. In 2007, the industry generated around 160 million Euros of value added. An overview of the current fisheries management was also undertaken, showing that the EU Common Fisheries Policy is the basic regulatory framework for nearly all countries. The distribution of fishing rights is however a national responsibility. Many countries are moving in the direction of more flexible quota management, where fishermen receive a certain share of the overall quota with the possibility to trade this share.Bio-economic model tools have been used to simulate different management scenarios and their potential economic and ecological impacts. This model was constructed using the collected economic data and analyses how fishing effort changes would affect profits from fisheries and the state of the ecosystem. Based on this model approach, four management scenarios were calculated optimizing economic, social and ecological conditions. The modelling results indicate that fisheries in the Central Baltic Sea are only profitable if the fishing effort is low, given current stocks size and fishing fleets structure. However, this result needs to be interpreted cautiously due to data-related problems. For example, some of the cost indicators were lacking for some countries due to different book-keeping rules, and when aggregated, the total landing data for the fleets did not correspond to the official ICES landings data in the Central Baltic Sea. This first pilot study shows that the ecological-economic modelling tool functioned reasonably well but that the uncertainties in the economic input data caused unrealistic management scenarios. To improve such a fisheriesrelated ecosystem assessment, either the type of economic data needs to be improved to run more realistic scenarios or another economic approach needs to be applied.

Shipping list no.: 93-0040-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Microform. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The Purpose of the Research. The article refers to the economic policy enforced by I .V. Stalin during the first five-year plan (lasting from 1 October 1928 until 31 December 1932); a policy whose goal was – according to the CPSU documents – "the modernisation of the Soviet Union by employing two fundamental mechanisms: collectivisation and industrialisation". The Scientific Novelty. In the present article – based on the Romanian archival sources as well as specialised literature – it has been emphasised that, in order to put into practice the plan to centralise and control the entire national economy, the Soviet state forced villagers "by using the toughest means" to enter collective farms or mobilised them forcefully to ensure the industry development. The research methodology – the principles of scientificity, objectivity, historicism, the methods of an external and internal critique of sources. The Conclusions. The Romanian archive documents contemporary to the researched events mention the abuses committed by the Soviet authorities in enforcing the country's collectivisation and industrialisation. Thus, the Soviet authorities accomplished their goals by enforcing great difficulties upon the population as well as a military-type mobilisation of the country in a supreme effort. Even the lexical choices of the collectivisation and industrialisation period – such as 'the battlegrounds of iron and coal,' 'the shock brigades,' 'deportation of the kulaks,' 'permanent briefings' and the others – made the impression of the society at war. The aim of this collectivisation and industrialisation programme was in reality the development of a war economy, the 'destruction of the hostile classes and factions within the Soviet Union,' and preparation for war 'against the capitalist enemies abroad.' Thus, the industry was to contribute to the technical modernisation of the army by building a strong maritime and airborne fleet. The endpoint of the development programme was the transformation of the Soviet Union from an agricultural into industrial country 'with the aim of leading the rest of Europe to communism.' ; The Purpose of the Research. The article refers to the economic policy enforced by I .V. Stalin during the first five-year plan (lasting from 1 October 1928 until 31 December 1932); a policy whose goal was – according to the CPSU documents – "the modernisation of the Soviet Union by employing two fundamental mechanisms: collectivisation and industrialisation". The Scientific Novelty. In the present article – based on the Romanian archival sources as well as specialised literature – it has been emphasised that, in order to put into practice the plan to centralise and control the entire national economy, the Soviet state forced villagers "by using the toughest means" to enter collective farms or mobilised them forcefully to ensure the industry development. The research methodology – the principles of scientificity, objectivity, historicism, the methods of an external and internal critique of sources. The Conclusions. The Romanian archive documents contemporary to the researched events mention the abuses committed by the Soviet authorities in enforcing the country's collectivisation and industrialisation. Thus, the Soviet authorities accomplished their goals by enforcing great difficulties upon the population as well as a military-type mobilisation of the country in a supreme effort. Even the lexical choices of the collectivisation and industrialisation period – such as 'the battlegrounds of iron and coal,' 'the shock brigades,' 'deportation of the kulaks,' 'permanent briefings' and the others – made the impression of the society at war. The aim of this collectivisation and industrialisation programme was in reality the development of a war economy, the 'destruction of the hostile classes and factions within the Soviet Union,' and preparation for war 'against the capitalist enemies abroad.' Thus, the industry was to contribute to the technical modernisation of the army by building a strong maritime and airborne fleet. The endpoint of the development programme was the transformation of the Soviet Union from an agricultural into industrial country 'with the aim of leading the rest of Europe to communism.'

The Purpose of the Research. The article refers to the economic policy enforced by I .V. Stalin during the first five-year plan (lasting from 1 October 1928 until 31 December 1932); a policy whose goal was – according to the CPSU documents – "the modernisation of the Soviet Union by employing two fundamental mechanisms: collectivisation and industrialisation". The Scientific Novelty. In the present article – based on the Romanian archival sources as well as specialised literature – it has been emphasised that, in order to put into practice the plan to centralise and control the entire national economy, the Soviet state forced villagers "by using the toughest means" to enter collective farms or mobilised them forcefully to ensure the industry development. The research methodology – the principles of scientificity, objectivity, historicism, the methods of an external and internal critique of sources. The Conclusions. The Romanian archive documents contemporary to the researched events mention the abuses committed by the Soviet authorities in enforcing the country's collectivisation and industrialisation. Thus, the Soviet authorities accomplished their goals by enforcing great difficulties upon the population as well as a military-type mobilisation of the country in a supreme effort. Even the lexical choices of the collectivisation and industrialisation period – such as 'the battlegrounds of iron and coal,' 'the shock brigades,' 'deportation of the kulaks,' 'permanent briefings' and the others – made the impression of the society at war. The aim of this collectivisation and industrialisation programme was in reality the development of a war economy, the 'destruction of the hostile classes and factions within the Soviet Union,' and preparation for war 'against the capitalist enemies abroad.' Thus, the industry was to contribute to the technical modernisation of the army by building a strong maritime and airborne fleet. The endpoint of the development programme was the transformation of the Soviet Union from an agricultural into industrial country 'with the aim of leading the rest of Europe to communism.' ; The Purpose of the Research. The article refers to the economic policy enforced by I .V. Stalin during the first five-year plan (lasting from 1 October 1928 until 31 December 1932); a policy whose goal was – according to the CPSU documents – "the modernisation of the Soviet Union by employing two fundamental mechanisms: collectivisation and industrialisation". The Scientific Novelty. In the present article – based on the Romanian archival sources as well as specialised literature – it has been emphasised that, in order to put into practice the plan to centralise and control the entire national economy, the Soviet state forced villagers "by using the toughest means" to enter collective farms or mobilised them forcefully to ensure the industry development. The research methodology – the principles of scientificity, objectivity, historicism, the methods of an external and internal critique of sources. The Conclusions. The Romanian archive documents contemporary to the researched events mention the abuses committed by the Soviet authorities in enforcing the country's collectivisation and industrialisation. Thus, the Soviet authorities accomplished their goals by enforcing great difficulties upon the population as well as a military-type mobilisation of the country in a supreme effort. Even the lexical choices of the collectivisation and industrialisation period – such as 'the battlegrounds of iron and coal,' 'the shock brigades,' 'deportation of the kulaks,' 'permanent briefings' and the others – made the impression of the society at war. The aim of this collectivisation and industrialisation programme was in reality the development of a war economy, the 'destruction of the hostile classes and factions within the Soviet Union,' and preparation for war 'against the capitalist enemies abroad.' Thus, the industry was to contribute to the technical modernisation of the army by building a strong maritime and airborne fleet. The endpoint of the development programme was the transformation of the Soviet Union from an agricultural into industrial country 'with the aim of leading the rest of Europe to communism.'