Terror and Tolerance: The Use of Ballots, Bombs and Bullets by Ethnoregional Movements in Advanced Industrial Democracies

In: Nationalism and ethnic politics, Band 2, Heft 3, S. 381-414

Abstract

Presents a structural account of the variation in the forms & extent of violence employed by ethnoregional movements in Western democracies via case examples of violent tactics employed by movements in Scotland, Catalonia & Euskadi (Spain), Quebec, & Northern Ireland. Variation is explained by state reinforcement of ethnic political identities usually through repression, a party system that resists rather than absorbs political change, & blocked opportunities for political mobility among ethnic movement radicals. These in turn depend on the historical conditions that define state strategies for expanding their own authority. Adapted from the source document.