Internal War and the Search for Normative Order

In: Springer eBook Collection

Abstract

I. Historical Development of Belligerent Recognition -- 1. The American Revolution -- 2. Spanish Colonial Wars for Independence, 1810–1823 -- II. Pre-1861 Civil Conflicts which Indicated a Need for the Status of Insurgency -- 1. The Greek Insurrection Against the Sublime Porte, 1821 -- 2. The Polish Uprising, 1830–31 -- 3. The Canadian Insurrection, 1838–39 -- 4. The Revolution of Texas, 1836 -- 5. The Vivanco Insurrection in Peru, 1856–1858 -- III. Methods of According Belligerent Recognition -- 1. The American Civil War and Development of the Concept of Belligerence -- 2. Nature and Form of Recognition: By Third States -- 3. Recognition by Foreign States -- 4. Nature and Form of Recognition: by the Parent Government -- 5. The Source of Recognition -- IV. Criteria for Timing a Grant of Belligerence -- 1. The American Argument for the Appropriate Timing of Belligerent Rights -- 2. The British Position -- 3. The View of Scholars and Publicists on the Matter of Recognition -- 4. The Geneva Arbitrations and the Question of Premature Recognition -- 5. Criteria for Timing a Grant of Belligerent Recognition -- 6. The Question of a Right of Recognition -- 7. May the Established Government Demand Belligerent Recognition as of Right ? -- V. Belligerent Recognition as de Facto Recognition of the Insurgent Government -- 1. Essential Informal Relations With an Insurgent Government -- 2. Judicial Decisions Respecting De Facto Nature of Insurgent Governments -- 3. Norms of De Facto Recognition of the Insurgent Government -- 4. The Uses of De Facto Recognition -- VI. Succession to Treaty Responsibilities in Civil Wars -- 1. The Traditional Law of Treaty Succession -- 2. Success or Failure as a Criterion for Treaty Succession -- 3. Effects of Recognition of Belligerency on Treaty Succession -- 4. Succession to Multipartite Treaties When Belligerency has been Recognized -- 5. Treaty Succession in Internal Wars Since The American Civil War -- VII. The Decline of Belligerent Recognition: Desuetude in International Law -- 1. Belligerent Recognition After the American Civil War -- 2. Reasons for the Non-Use of Belligerent Recognition -- 3. Belligerent Recognition and Desuetude -- VIII. Some Observations on Current Practice -- 1. The Nature of the System Change -- 2. The Decline of Insurgent Recognition -- 3. The Modality of Intervention -- 4. Patterns of Intervention -- 5. Developing Patterns of Bloc Intervention -- 6. Toward an International Law of Civil Conflicts -- 7. Tables of Interventions in Civil Wars, 1945–1967 -- 8. Summary.