The Cyprus referendum: a divided island and the challenge of the Annan Plan

Table of Contents : Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: The European paradigm -- 1.1. The European Union: an evolutionary process -- 1.2. The European Union: A post-modern Institution -- 1.3. Polycentric governance: Synthesis of individuation and integration -- Chapter 2: Review of Greek Foreign Policy -- 2.1. The theoretical background -- 2.2. The logic of Helsinki and "citizen diplomacy" -- 2.3. The Venizelos-Ataturk Pact -- 2.4. Cyprus: A cause of protracted crisis between Greece and Turkey -- 2.5. Andreas Papandreou: From "no dialogue" to Davos -- 2.6. Pangalos-Kranidiotis: The linkage policy -- Chapter 3: Review of US foreign policy -- 3.1. Turkey: A pivotal state for the US -- 3.2. Johnson's letter: The syndrome -- 3.3. US opposition to Cyprus' accession to the EU -- 3.4. The EU's negative stance on Cyprus' accession -- 3.5. Holbrooke's strategy -- 3.6. The Imia crisis and the S-300 missiles -- 3.7. Mediation by Holbrooke -- 3.8. US behind the new mobility -- 3.9. Assessment of US foreign policy -- Chapter 4: Changes in Turkey -- 4.1. The static conception of Turkey and the NO vote to the Referendum -- 4.2. From the Ottoman Empire to the Kemalist state: Nationalism, Pan-Turkism, Expansionism. -- 4.3. Islam: In search of identity -- 4.4. Turgut Ozal: Liberalization of the economy, Turkish-Islamic synthesis -- 4.5. Political Islam: The Islamic Party -- 4.6. The politics of fear and the revolution of the AKP -- 4.7. The Cyprus question: How it has affected Turkish foreign policy and internal affairs -- 4.8. Turkish revisionism in Turkish-Greek relations -- 4.9. Turkey's European orientation and the demand for democratization -- 4.10. Turkey's European bid and the Cyprus problem -- 4.11. The European Union and Turkey -- Chapter 5: The perception of the solution by the Greek Cypriot Community -- 5.1. The Enosis movement and Greek Cypriot nationalism -- 5.2. Makarios and the enosis movement -- 5.3. Makarios and the 1960 Constitution -- 5.4. Between the devil and the deep blue sea -- 5.5. An "interlude of joy" -- 5.6. Towards the abyss -- 5.7. The perception of federation by Makarios -- 5.8. The two "precepts" of Makarios -- 5.9. The perception of the solution and electoral calculations -- 5.10. Return to the logic of "absolute solution" -- 5.11. Helsinki and the reunification perspective. -- Chapter 6: The perception of the solution by the Turkish Cypriot community -- 6.1. The inception of Turkish Cypriot nationalism -- 6.2. From Young-Turk to Kemalist nationalism. -- 6.3. The political organization of separation. -- 6.4. The leading role of Rauf Denktas -- 6.5. The perception of the solution by the Turkish community after the invasion -- 6.6. The Turkish Cypriot uprising -- Chapter 7: From Waldheim's "evaluation" to the Annan Plan -- 7.1. The UN peace mission in Cyprus -- 7.2. The Cuellar initiatives -- 7.3. Boutros Ghali's "Set of Ideas" -- 7.4. The Annan Plan: On the tracks of the Set of Ideas -- 7.4.1. The "new state of affairs" -- 7.4.2. Bicommunality - Bizonality -- 7.4.3. Political equality -- 7.4.4. The unity of the country. -- 7.4.5. The "single list" in the election of the Presidential Council -- 7.4.6. The Presidential Council: Transition to the post-leader era. -- 7.4.7. Territory, Displaced, Properties -- 7.4.8. Historical and cultural heritage -- 7.4.9. Individual rights -- 7.4.10. Security: Withdrawal of troops, Guarantees -- 7.4.11. Settlers -- 7.4.12. Transitional arrangements -- Chapter 8: Towards the Referendum -- 8.1. Submission of the UN Plan and initial reactions -- 8.2. "Coercion" a feature of the timing -- 8.3. The "faultless" stand: From Copenhagen to The Hague -- 8.4. Turkey-Turkish Cypriots: In search of an outlet -- 8.5. Tassos Papadopoulos: Reneging on the Hague commitment -- 8.6. Piecing together a strategy of rejection -- 8.7. New York's "cold shower" and the decision to reject -- Chapter 9: The NO vote of 24 April 2004 -- 9.1. The convergence of events and the possibility of political symbiosis -- 9.2. Papadopoulos' refusal to negotiate at Bürgenstock -- 9.3. The Annan Plan and t.