Human Trafficking
In: Contemporary World Issues Ser
Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 BACKGROUND AND HISTORY -- Slavery in Ancient Times -- The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade -- The Abolition of Slavery and the Rise of the White Slave Trade -- Trafficking in Women and Children -- Trafficking in Persons -- What Is in a Definition? -- Defining Human Trafficking -- How Does Trafficking Differ from Smuggling? -- How Straightforward Is the Definition of Human Trafficking? -- What Contributes to Human Trafficking? -- Push and Pull Factors -- Poverty -- Migration -- Globalization -- Gender Inequality -- Social Hierarchy and Discrimination (Minority Status) -- Traditional Practices -- Demographic Factors -- Political Instability and Conflict -- War and Peacekeepers -- Technology -- Supply and Demand -- Facilitators of Human Trafficking -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 PROBLEMS, CONTROVERSIES, AND SOLUTIONS -- The Extent of the Problem: Counting and Identifying Victims of Trafficking -- Identifying Victims of Trafficking -- The Victim Pyramid -- Trafficking as a Process Rather than a Single Crime -- Markets in Which Victims Are Trafficked -- Traditional Markets -- Illicit Markets -- Unusual Forms of Human Trafficking -- The Victims -- Risk Factors for Trafficking -- Male Victims -- Child Victims -- Other Vulnerable Victims -- The Impact of Human Trafficking: Harm to the Victims -- Why Victims Do Not Identify Themselves as Victims -- From Victim to Survivor -- Traffickers: Who They Are and Why They Become Involved in the Crime of Human Trafficking -- Use of Violence and Threats to Control Victims -- From Victim to Victimizer: How Victims Become Traffickers -- Trafficking Organizations -- Roles within Trafficking Organizations -- Measures to End Trafficking -- Prevention -- Awareness Raising -- National Hotlines -- More Permanent Prevention Measures.