This book analyzes the importance of informal social protection provided by religious institutions such as madrassas in a low-income country such as Pakistan. This book explains that Madrassas are religious schools that have existed in many Muslim countries for centuries and contributed significantly to preserving, forming, and extending human knowledge in medieval times. Further, madrassas are now more commonly viewed as the providers of a narrow education, supporting religious fundamentalism, that may lead to terrorism. However, this book asserts that education is not the only function performed by madrassas. They are a significant source of welfare support for the vulnerable and marginalized households in many low-income countries. This book helps the readers to understand the concept of informal social protection not conceptualized previously. In addition, its various attributes and institutions providing such a form of welfare worldwide are explained in detail; analyzing the usefulness of such a form of social protection would benefit readers of social policy, national governments, and international donor/aid agencies. This book also provides a prescriptive framework for integrating formal and informal social protection. This book provides a new "Multiple Regime Framework", for identifying various regimes in one country at one point in time by applying a novel data collection and analysis methodology. The application of this framework would be of particular interest to social policy scholars, national governments, and donor/aid agencies because it will result in better targeting of social protection policies in the wake of fiscal constraints. Lastly, this book provides a novel data collection and analysis strategy that will benefit the reader of research methodology, development consultants, donor agencies, and policy practitioners interested in using artificial intelligence to make informed and targeted policy decisions
Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework, Literature Review, And Contributions -- Chapter 3: Conceptualizing Informal Social Protection: A Framework -- Chapter 4 Research Design, Methodology, And Data Collection -- Chapter 5: Madrassas as A Provider Of Informal Social Protection In Pakistan -- Chapter 6: Comparing Formal and Informal Social Protection: Exploring the Usefulness Of Informal Social Protection In Pakistan -- Chapter 7: Machine Learning-Based Approach for Exploring the Household Survey Data -- Chapter 8: Determining Multiple Welfare Regimes in Pakistan.-Chapter 9: Conclusions, Implications, And Avenues of Future Research.
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Intro -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- References -- 2 Theoretical Framework, Literature Review, and Contributions -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Theoretical Framework -- 2.3 Literature Review -- 2.3.1 Overview of the Literature on Welfare Regimes in Developing Countries -- 2.3.2 The Role of Community in Providing Welfare -- 2.3.3 Contributions of the Study -- References -- 3 Conceptualizing Informal Social Protection: A Framework to Compare Formal and Informal Social Protection -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Methodology -- 3.3 Social Protection -- 3.4 Overview and Findings from Literature on Informal Social Protection -- 3.5 Synthesizing the Literature -- Defining and Reconceptualizing Informal Social Protection -- 3.6 Informal Assistance-Sources and Definitions -- 3.6.1 Family (Immediate and Extended) -- 3.6.2 Religious Institutions -- 3.6.3 NGOs (National and International) -- 3.7 Informal Insurance-Sources and Definition -- 3.7.1 Family (Immediate and Extended) -- 3.7.2 Neighborhoods, Friends, and Village Communities -- 3.7.3 Religious Organizations -- 3.8 Informal Labor Market Measures-Sources and Definitions -- 3.8.1 NGOs (Local and International) -- 3.8.2 Religious Organizations -- 3.9 Limitations -- 3.10 Conclusion -- 3.11 Putting the Conceptualization into Operation and Devising a Survey Instrument for Data Collection -- References -- 4 Research Design, Methodology, and Data Collection -- 4.1 Introduction-Exploratory Research Design -- 4.2 Data Source Identification-Justification of Sample -- 4.3 Data Collection and Methodology -- 4.4 Ethical Concerns, Quality of the Data, and Bias Reduction -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Madrassas as a Provider of Informal Social Protection in Pakistan -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Secondary Data -- 5.3 Madrassas in the Early Islamic Period.
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