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Abstract
This book examines social inequalities in Europe, especially those caused by economic factors. It starts with the paradox of European inequality, where on the one hand, even total income inequality in Europe is significantly lower than in most parts of the world; but on the other, Europe is also characterised by profound and durable inequalities within the continent. It discusses inequalities caused by the exclusion of marginalised groups from the labour market, with considerable and sometimes increasing differences between central and peripheral regions, pronounced wealth and labour market inequalities, and significant rates of persistent poverty, deprivation, educational poverty, low wages and unemployment. The book also discusses broader territorial inequalities, which are the basis for divisions between Northern and Southern Europe, East and West, between qualified and unqualified employees, younger and older people, men and women, and migrants and non-migrants. The book raises questions about the winners and losers of the social transformations linked to the introduction of the Euro, the Eastern enlargement of the EU, and the financial and Eurozone crises. It is based on a comprehensive analysis of a European-wide microdata set on income and living conditions (EU-SILC). The empirical research material, which is the first to deploy this data in a comprehensive manner, consists of detailed empirical analyses of social divisions and Europeanisation processes in 30 European countries. It analyses and explains the transformation of the previously dominant national spaces into a European social space. This topical book is of interest to academics and students in the fields of sociology and comparative social sciences, along with those studying European regional geography, anthropology, international relations, and international politics.
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2: Social Inequalities at the National and European Level -- 2.1 Boundary Building and Internal Structuring at National and European Level -- 2.2 The Europeanisation of Social Inequalities -- References -- Chapter 3: Data and Methods -- References -- Chapter 4: Between Convergence and Agglomeration. Economic and Technological Disparities in the EU -- 4.1 Convergence through Economic Integration? -- 4.2 Between Agglomeration and Diffusion of Technological and Economic Capabilities -- 4.3 Peripheral Trajectories in Southern and Eastern Europe -- 4.3.1 Barriers to Modernisation, the Euro and Growth Models. Three Explanations -- 4.3.2 Debt, Labour Market and Economic Structures and Institutions. Determinants of Peripheral Trajectories in Europe -- 4.3.3 Two Trajectories -- 4.4 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 5: European Labour Markets between Segmentation and Activation -- 5.1 Inclusive and Exclusive Employment Regimes in Europe -- 5.2 Determinants of Labour Force Participation -- 5.3 The Segmentation of Labour Markets in the Euro Crisis -- 5.3.1 Monetary Union and Labour Markets -- 5.3.2 Labour Market Risks in Europe -- 5.4 Long-Term Unemployment. The Achilles´ Heel of the European Social Model -- 5.5 Summary: Labour Market Inequalities within and Between European Countries -- References -- Chapter 6: Wage Inequalities in the EU -- 6.1 Wages as Essential Dimension of Social Inequality -- 6.2 Wages in the European Integration Process -- 6.3 The Evolution of Wage Inequalities across Europe -- 6.4 National Wage Inequalities in Europe -- 6.5 Group-Specific Wage Differences and Low Wages in Europe -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References.
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