Modernization and democracy in China: Samuel P. Huntington and the "neo-authoritarian" debate

In: Asian journal of political science: AJPS, Band 2, Heft 1, S. 32-65

Abstract

During the winter of 1988-1989 Chinese intellectuals engaged in a debate about "neo-authoritarianism". They frequently referred to the views of Samuel P. Huntington about the importance of developing strong government before spreading democracy. This article examines that debate in the context of Huntington's views and China's Confucian traditions. Huntington expressed hope that by gradually introducing democratic habits to its political culture and promoting rapid economic change China's intellectuals and authorities might lay the basis for a modernized economy and democracy, with minimal polarization. Since the crackdown at Tiananmen Square he inclines towards pessimism that Confucian culture can democratize, and emphasizes a need for organized resistance if change is to occur. The debaters suggested that China's economic growth will be constricted unless top leaders and the public can limit official corruption, but stopped short of advocating what Huntington defines as democracy. This article proposes that modernization's requirements for limit on government may give leaders an incentive to introduce measured aspects of democratization, without a change in regime. That would require some organized confrontation and negotiation with leadership circles. (AJPS/DÜI)