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Abstract
"Meeting water and sanitation needs, coupled with protection of the environment and prevention of pollutants, is essential to every effort to improve the health and living conditions of billions of people. Meeting these needs is fundamental, not only to effectively diminish incidence of diseases that afflict a third or more of the people of the world, but also to improve education and economic well-being and elevate billions of individuals out of vicious cycles of poverty." These lines are from the Introduction to the First Edition of "Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Environment: Challenges, Interventions and Preventive Measures" written by Jens Aagaard- Hansen and Janine M.H. Selendy. The Second Edition will continue to address these goals in updated and revised chapters and new ones with an added emphasis on the current and anticipated impact of climate change. Preparatory measures and preventive measures and solutions will be presented providing guidance for possible action on the local, national and international levels. Consistent with the First Edition, this volume is being written by authorities from the fields of public health, medicine, epidemiology, environmental health, climate change, nutrition and malnutrition, environmental engineering, pharmacology, and population research to provide an interdisciplinary picture of conditions responsible for water and sanitation-related diseases and measures for prevention. Written taking into account the dynamic changes being brought about by climate changes, this book further examines the pathogens and their biology, morbidity and mortality resulting from lack of safe water and sanitation, changing distribution of these diseases, and the conditions that must be met to reduce or eradicate them. The scope of the volume will once again be international discussing anthropogenic and naturally occurring pollutants, pharmaceuticals, agricultural productivity, migration, nutrition, ecosystem dynamics, and the other areas addressed in the First Edition. The addition of Climate Change in the title is to emphasize that this vital subject will be addressed throughout the volume, including receiving special coverage in a chapter on climate change and human health, because of the importance of addressing current and anticipated changes due to climate change even more so than to the extent related concerns were raised in the First Edition thanks to added knowledge now available. Transformations now apparent and expected from climate change along with other dynamic changes in health and environmental influences throughout the world are part of the reality that has motivated authors from the First Edition and a new author, thus far, who are now writing eighteen chapters for the Second Edition. The realization of the widespread use of the current volume and its accompanying material has, naturally, been a major factor in encouraging their participation. It is imperative that discussion of water and sanitation- related diseases and interconnected environmental concerns be approached from a multi-factorial perspective. This involves discussion of water access and quality, sanitation and hygiene, specifics about the most prevalent diseases, and environmental factors, and guidelines and solutions. The First Edition begins to fill that niche in a format conducive to continuing discussion and graduate education, and that provides guidance with examples of successful preventive measures and interventions. The Second Edition will not only build on the substantial coverage of the First Edition, but also add new emphasis on climate change and the international nature of many of the diseases and pollutants discussed such as cryptosporidiosis, giardia, lead poisoning, harmful algal blooms, malnutrition and undernutrition, and soil- transmitted helminths (or worms). This will include coverage of the huge human migrations and the problems they face, the effects of population on the depletion of fresh water, and urban situations. Efforts underway to meet the new Sustainable Development Goals, reduce open-defecation, and to address crumbing infrastructures in many parts of the world, are among the features of the revised content. Pollution from pharmaceuticals addressed in the First Edition will also cover anti-biotic resistance which was covered in a separate chapter. Content will include updated chapters on the successful initiatives in Mexico "Extending the Right to Health Care and Improving Survival in Mexico" and on the eradication of Guinea worm, now down to less than 500 cases in the world. New coverage of successful sanitation and hygiene initiatives will feature the many successful installations and use of facilities underway thanks to the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC), and its Global Sanitation Fund"--Provided by publisher
Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contributors -- Introduction -- Section I Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: Meeting the Need -- Chapter 1 Toward Universal Access to Basic and Safely Managed Drinking Water: Remaining Challenges and New Opportunities in the Era of Sustainable Development Goals -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Past Efforts to Improve Access to Safe Water -- 1.3 Transition from the Millennium Development Goals to the Sustainable Development Goals -- 1.4 Impacts of Water Supply Interventions -- 1.5 Resource Requirements -- 1.6 Naturally Occurring and Anthropogenic Water Pollution -- 1.7 Spatial and Social Inequities in Access to Drinking Water -- 1.8 Sustainability -- 1.9 Final Remarks -- References -- Chapter 2 The Human Right to Sanitation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Benefits of Sanitation -- 2.3 Sanitation Access and the Sanitation Ladder -- 2.4 Current Efforts to Improve Sanitation Outcomes -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Coping with Water Needs: The Demographic Future -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Personal Water Needs and Population -- 3.3 The Time Scale of Forecasts -- 3.4 The Current Situation and the Near Future to 2050 -- 3.5 The Future Situation to 2100 -- 3.6 The Future May Surprise Us -- 3.7 Probabilisitic Projections -- 3.8 High Fertility-Low Fertility -- 3.9 Economic Considerations -- 3.10 Unmet Need for Contraception -- 3.11 Implications for Policy -- References -- Chapter 4 Water, Food, and the Environment -- 4.1 Where Will the Water Come From? -- 4.2 The Depletion of Stored Fresh Water -- 4.3 Is Population a Problem? -- 4.4 Policy Considerations: Is Population a Solution? -- References -- Chapter 5 Water and Armed Conflict -- 5.1 Availability and Accessibility of Water -- 5.2 Access to Water as a Basic Human Right -- 5.3 Conflicts Over Water.
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Die folgenden Links führen aus den jeweiligen lokalen Bibliotheken zum Volltext:
"Meeting water and sanitation needs, coupled with protection of the environment and prevention of pollutants, is essential to every effort to improve the health and living conditions of billions of people. Meeting these needs is fundamental, not only to effectively diminish incidence of diseases that afflict a third or more of the people of the world, but also to improve education and economic well-being and elevate billions of individuals out of vicious cycles of poverty." These lines are from the Introduction to the First Edition of "Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Environment: Challenges, Interventions and Preventive Measures" written by Jens Aagaard- Hansen and Janine M.H. Selendy. The Second Edition will continue to address these goals in updated and revised chapters and new ones with an added emphasis on the current and anticipated impact of climate change. Preparatory measures and preventive measures and solutions will be presented providing guidance for possible action on the local, national and international levels. Consistent with the First Edition, this volume is being written by authorities from the fields of public health, medicine, epidemiology, environmental health, climate change, nutrition and malnutrition, environmental engineering, pharmacology, and population research to provide an interdisciplinary picture of conditions responsible for water and sanitation-related diseases and measures for prevention. Written taking into account the dynamic changes being brought about by climate changes, this book further examines the pathogens and their biology, morbidity and mortality resulting from lack of safe water and sanitation, changing distribution of these diseases, and the conditions that must be met to reduce or eradicate them. The scope of the volume will once again be international discussing anthropogenic and naturally occurring pollutants, pharmaceuticals, agricultural productivity, migration, nutrition, ecosystem dynamics, and the other areas addressed in the First Edition. The addition of Climate Change in the title is to emphasize that this vital subject will be addressed throughout the volume, including receiving special coverage in a chapter on climate change and human health, because of the importance of addressing current and anticipated changes due to climate change even more so than to the extent related concerns were raised in the First Edition thanks to added knowledge now available. Transformations now apparen ...
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Dieses Buch ist auch in Ihrer Bibliothek verfügbar:
Frontmatter -- Color Plates -- Section I: Defining the Problem. Part Introduction -- Tackling the Water Crisis: A Continuing Need to Address Spatial and Social Equity / Jay Graham -- Sanitation and Hygiene: Taking Stock After Three Decades / Jay Graham -- Water and Health: The Demographic Background / Robert Wyman -- Water and War: Averting Armed Conflict and Protecting Human Rights / Barry S Levy, Victor W Sidel -- Section II: Water and Sanitation-Related Diseases. Part Introduction -- Infectious Diarrhea / Sean Fitzwater, Aruna Chandran, Margaret Kosek, Mathuram Santosham -- Malnutrition and Undernutrition / Jeffrey K Griffiths -- Soil-Transmitted Helminths:, and Hookworm Infections / Brian G Blackburn, Michele Barry -- Toxic Cyanobacteria / Ian Stewart, Wayne W Carmichael, Lorraine C Backer -- Dengue: A Water-Borne Disease / Scott B Halstead -- Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Disease): Case Study of the Effort to Eradicate Guinea Worm / Donald R Hopkins, Ernesto Ruiz-Tiben -- Onchocerciasis / Adrian Hopkins, Boakye A Boatin -- Reassessing Multiple-Intervention Malaria Control Programs of the Past: Lessons for the Design of Contemporary Interventions / Burton H Singer, Marcia C Castro -- Schistosomiasis / Pascal Magnussen, Birgitte Jyding Vennervald, Jens Aagaard-Hansen -- Trachoma / Joseph A Cook, Silvio P Mariotti -- Shigellosis / Michael L Bennish, M John Albert -- The Zimbabwe Cholera Epidemic of 2008₆2009 / Edward Dodge -- Infectious Disease Control in Ghana: Government's Interventions and Challenges to Malaria Eradication / Julius N Fobil, Juergen May, Alexander Kraemer -- Section III: Water Resources. Part Introduction -- Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage in Low-Income Countries / Thomas F Clasen -- Informal Small-Scale Water Services in Developing Countries: The Business of Water for Those without Formal Municipal Connections / Laura Sima, Menachem Elimelech -- Section IV: Sanitation and Hygiene. Part Introduction -- The Sanitation Challenge in India / Bindeshwar Pathak -- Successful Sanitation Projects in Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore / Jay P Graham -- Household-Centered Environmental Sanitation Systems / Bindeshwar Pathak -- Section V: Environmental Factors of Water Pollution. Part Introduction -- Naturally Occurring Water Pollutants / Lorraine C Backer, Jonathan K Kish, Helena M Solo-Gabriele, Lora E Fleming -- Anthropogenic Sources of Water Pollution: Parts 1 and 2 / Kerry L Shannon, Robert S Lawrence, Danielle McDonald -- The Hudson River: A Case Study of PCB Contamination / David O Carpenter, Gretchen Welfinger-Smith -- Other Water Pollutants: Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria / Amy R Sapkota -- Section VI: Current and Future Trends in Preventing Water Pollution. Part Introduction -- Controlling Water Pollutants / Jeffery A Foran -- Global Substitution of Mercury-Based Medical Devices in the Health Sector / Joshua Karliner, Peter Orris -- Addressing Sources of PCBs and Other Chemical Pollutants in Water / Gretchen Welfinger-Smith, David O Carpenter -- Additional Measures to Prevent, Ameliorate, and Reduce Water Pollution and Related Water Diseases: Global Water Governance / Nikhil Chandavarkar -- Section VII: Emerging Issues in Ecology, Environment, and Disease. Part Introduction -- Changing Geographic Distribution of Disease Vectors / Mary E Wilson -- Malaria in the Brazilian Amazon / Marcia C Castro, Burton H Singer -- Ecosystem Services, Water Resource Development, and Human Infectious Disease / Uriel N Safriel -- Ocean Pollution: Health and Environmental Impacts of Brominated Flame Retardants / Susan D Shaw, Kurunthachalam Kannan -- Section VIII: Conclusion. Part Introduction -- Assessment of Progress in Meeting the UN Millennium Development Goals / Gretchen Loeffler Peltier, Unni Krishnan Karunakara, Anson Elisabeth Wright -- Extending the Right to Health Care and Improving Child Survival in Mexico / Julio Frenk, Octavio G̤mez-Danťs -- Using Kinship Structures in Health Programming--An Example of Preventive Measures and Successful Interventions / Moses N Katabarwa -- Index.
Zugriffsoptionen:
Die folgenden Links führen aus den jeweiligen lokalen Bibliotheken zum Volltext:
Written by authorities from various related specialties, this book presents the most complete treatment possible of the conditions responsible for water- and sanitation-related diseases, the pathogens and their biology, morbidity and mortality resulting from lack of safe water and sanitation, distribution of these diseases, and the conditions that must be met to reduce or eradicate them. Preventive measures and solutions are presented throughout. This book is an essential resource for all graduate students, postdoctoral scholars, and professionals in infectious disease, public health and medicine, chemical and environmental engineering, and international affairs. Key features: Provides a comprehensive understanding of the interconnection among many factors related to water-related diseases, sanitation and hygiene Brings together experts from various specialties to address each area covered and to assist in bringing about the understanding of those interconnections Provides examples of successful interventions with knowledge about how they were brought about so that information can be use to replicate the initiative in full or in part Provides an appreciation of the concerns and solutions addressed from an international perspective with high and low technological solutions Provides insight into the international dimension of these concerns and how they can be best addressed Four hours of accompanying multimedia DVD on two discs Learn more about this title and share information with colleagues and friends using this three-page flier: http://www.solutions-site.org/dvd/insert.pdf.
Zugriffsoptionen:
Die folgenden Links führen aus den jeweiligen lokalen Bibliotheken zum Volltext:
Written by authorities from various related specialties, this book presents the most complete treatment possible of the conditions responsible for water- and sanitation-related diseases, the pathogens and their biology, morbidity and mortality resulting from lack of safe water and sanitation, distribution of these diseases, and the conditions that must be met to reduce or eradicate them. Preventive measures and solutions are presented throughout. This book is an essential resource for all graduate students, postdoctoral scholars, and professionals in infectious disease, public health and medicine, chemical and environmental engineering, and international affairs.
Zugriffsoptionen:
Die folgenden Links führen aus den jeweiligen lokalen Bibliotheken zum Volltext:
Written by authorities from various related specialties, this book presents the most complete treatment possible of the conditions responsible for water- and sanitation-related diseases, the pathogens and their biology, morbidity and mortality resulting from lack of safe water and sanitation, distribution of these diseases, and the conditions that must be met to reduce or eradicate them. Preventive measures and solutions are presented throughout. This book is an essential resource for all graduate students, postdoctoral scholars, and professionals in infectious disease, public health and medic
Zugriffsoptionen:
Die folgenden Links führen aus den jeweiligen lokalen Bibliotheken zum Volltext:
