Women and Children as Victims and Offenders: Suggestions for Succeeding Generations (Volume 2)
Intro -- Foreword -- Women and Children as Victims and Offenders: An Introduction -- References -- Contents of Volume 2 -- Contents of Volume 1 -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Part IV: The Role of Crime Prevention: Punishment-Imprisonment-Alternative Sanctions -- General Prevention: Does It Work? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Status: Meta-Analyses on Deterrence Studies -- 3 Study Method -- 4 Results -- 4.1 The Impact of the Studies´ Theoretical and Methodological Framework Conditions on the Study Results -- 4.2 Deterrent Effects Depending on Age -- 4.3 Deterrent Effects Depending on the Criminal Offence -- 4.4 The Mechanisms of Deterrence -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Actors, Factors and Processes on the Road to the Abolition of the Death Penalty -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Processes of Transition, Evolution and Integration -- 3 The Actors -- 4 International Bodies -- 5 The Events That Brought About the Abolition Processes -- 6 Final Considerations -- References -- Women in Criminal Justice Systems and the Added Value of the UN Bangkok Rules -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Discrimination Against Women in the Criminal Justice System -- 2.1 Gender-Specific Offences -- 2.2 ``Protective´´ Detention -- 2.3 Legal Representation -- 2.4 Non-Custodial Alternatives to Imprisonment -- 2.5 Stigmatisation -- 3 Characteristics of Women Offenders -- 3.1 Poverty -- 3.2 Education -- 3.3 Family Status/Children -- 3.4 Violence Against Women -- 3.5 Drug and Alcohol Dependence -- 3.6 First-Time Offenders/Recidivism -- 4 Women Offenders and Prisoners -- 4.1 Statistics -- 4.2 Offences -- 4.3 Drug-Related Offences -- 4.4 Motives/Causes for Crime -- 5 Prison Conditions -- 5.1 Location/Allocation -- 5.2 Separation of Prisoners and Staffing -- 5.3 Protection from Violence and Abuse -- 5.4 Hygiene -- 5.5 Health-Care -- 5.6 Specific Health Issues -- 5.7 Mental Health.