Plant - Microbial and mineral contributions to amino acid and protein organic matter accumulation during 4000 years of pedogenesis ; Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Open Access

Abstract

The dynamics and persistence of proteinaceous compounds during pedogenesis are major mechanisms of soil formation and determinants of organic matter (OM) turnover. We investigated the accumulation patterns of proteinogenic amino acids associated with minerals dominated by permanently negative charges (primary silica minerals) and related these to vegetative and belowground microbial succession during soil ecosystem development. Positively-charged amino acids (arginine, lysine, histidine), extracted from whole soil pool using 6 M HCl, showed clear patterns of accumulation, increasing similar to 65% during 4010 years of development, while negatively charged amino acids (glutamic acid, aspartic acid) decreased similar to 13%. In the mineral associated sub-pool, positively charged amino acids were approximately similar to 431% more enriched, while negatively charged amino acids were similar to 38% depleted as compared to the whole soil pool. The multivariate ordination of soil bacterial community structure based on a 16s ribosomal RNA gene analysis and that of the aboveground plant community structure predicted 71% (p < 0.0001) and 66% (p < 0.0001) of the amino acid dynamics, respectively, during soil ecosystem development. Ala-rich Actinobacteria abundance declined with the year of development, concomitant with the decrease of Ala content in soil (r(2) = 0.82, p = 0.0019). His-rich Acidobacteria and His in soil both increased with the year of development (r(2) = 0.92, p = 0.0022). In support of the main hypothesis, the relative distribution of proteinogenic amino acids changed during pedogenesis with evidence indicating that biological communities and minerals play roles as source and sink of OM in soil, respectively. ; United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Foundational Programs [2011-03815] ; This research was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Foundational Programs (grant# 2011-03815). We thank Drs. Brian D. Strahm, Richard F. Helm, Richard E. Veilleux, Richard Rodrigues, Ms. Kerri Mills, and Hua Xiao for insightful suggestions and comments on this work. We acknowledge Dr. Shankar G. Shanmugam for collecting soil samples from Lake Michigan chronosequence, Dr. Madhavi L. Kakumanu for the density fractionation of soils, and Dr. Chao Shang for technical advice on the HPLC instrumentation. We also thank the technical staffs at the National Synchrotron Light Sources, Brookhaven National Laboratory. ; Public domain authored by a U.S. government employee